ASTM D5797-2018 Standard Specification for Methanol Fuel Blends (M51&x2013 M85) for Methanol-Capable Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines.pdf

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1、Designation: D5797 17D5797 18Standard Specification forMethanol Fuel Blends (M51M85) for Methanol-CapableAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5797; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas

2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the requirements for automotive fuel blends of methanol and gaso

3、line for use in ground vehiclesequipped with methanol-capable flexible-fuel, and dedicated methanol spark-ignition engines. Fuel produced to this specificationcontains 51 % to 85 % by volume methanol. This fuel is sometimes referred to at retail as “M85.” Appendix X1 discusses thesignificance of the

4、 properties specified. Appendix X2 presents the current status in the development of a luminosity test procedure(flame visibility) for methanol fuel blends (M51M85).1.2 The vapor pressure of methanol fuel blends is varied for seasonal climatic changes. Vapor pressure is increased at lowertemperature

5、s to ensure adequate vehicle operability and safety. Methanol content and selection of gasoline blendstocks are adjustedby the blender to meet these vapor pressure requirements.1.3 The United States government has established various programs for alternative fuels. Many of the definitions of alterna

6、tivefuel used by these programs can be more or less restrictive than the requirements of this specification. See AnnexA1 for additionalinformation on alternative fuels containing methanol.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4.1 ExceptionNon-SI units are provided fo

7、r information only. In most cases, U.S. federal regulations specify non-SI units.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portionsAppendix X2 of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It

8、 is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on stan

9、dardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2,3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum

10、 Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)D1193 Specification for

11、 Reagent WaterD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedProductsD3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum

12、and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is under the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.A0.02 on Oxygenated F

13、uels and Components.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Dec. 1, 2018. Published October 2017December 2018. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20162017as D5797 16.D5797 17. DOI: 10.1520/D5797-17.10.1520/D5797-18.2 Reference to the following documents is to be the latest i

14、ssue unless otherwise specified.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM

15、standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all

16、cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4177 Practi

17、ce for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4806 Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use asAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD4814 Specification for A

18、utomotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5059 Test Methods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray SpectroscopyD5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5453 Test Method for Determination of T

19、otal Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5798 Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition EnginesD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petrole

20、um ProductsD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanolby Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample InjectionD7667 Test Method for Determination of Corrosiveness to Silver byAutomotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelThin Silver

21、 StripMethodD7671 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Silver by Automotive SparkIgnition Engine FuelSilver Strip MethodD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and Related Products by MonochromaticWavelength Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7920 Test Method for Determination of Fuel Methanol

22、(M99) and Methanol Fuel Blends (M10 to M99) by GasChromatographyD7923 Test Method for Water in Ethanol and Hydrocarbon Blends by Karl Fischer TitrationE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer Titration3. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.3.2 Definitio

23、ns:3.2.1 aliphatic ether, nan oxygen-containing, ashless, organic compound in which the oxygen atom is interposed between twocarbon atoms (organic groups), has the general formula CnH2n+2O with n being 5 to 8, and in which the carbon atoms are connectedin open chains and not closed rings.3.2.1.1 Dis

24、cussionAliphatic compounds can be straight or branched chains and saturated or unsaturated. The term aliphatic ether, as used in thisspecification, refers only to the saturated compounds.3.2.2 denatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol made unfit for beverage use by the addition of denaturants under form

25、ula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax. D48063.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compound CCH23HCH52OH. D48063.2.4 finished fuel, na homogeneous mixture of blendstocks and fuel additives meeting all specification and regulatoryreq

26、uirements for its intended use at the location where sold.3.2.5 fuel methanol (M99), nmethanol with small/trace alcohol and hydrocarbon impurities.3.2.6 gasoline, nvolatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable for use asa fuel in spark-ignition, i

27、nternal combustion engines. D48143.2.7 gasoline blendstock, na liquid hydrocarbon component suitable for use in spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.7.1 DiscussionExamples of gasoline blendstock include natural gasoline, raffinate, reformate, naphtha, conventional gasoline blendstock foroxygenated blendi

28、ng (CBOB), and reformulated gasoline blendstock for oxygenate blending (RBOB).3.2.8 higher alcoholsaliphatic alcohols of the general formula CnH2 n+1OH with n being 2 to 8.3.2.9 hydrocarbona compound composed solely of hydrogen and carbon.3.2.10 methanol, nmethyl alcohol, the chemical compound CH3OH

29、.3.2.11 methanol fuel blend (M51M85), na blend of methanol and hydrocarbons of which the methanol portion is nominally51 % to 85 % by volume.3.2.11.1 DiscussionD5797 182In the abbreviation, MXX, the XX represents the volume percentage of methanol in the fuel blend.4. Ordering Information4.1 The purc

30、hasing agency shall:4.1.1 Indicate the season and locality in which the fuel is to be used,4.1.2 If requested, ensure that the methanol concentration meets the requirements for an alternative fuel for United States federalfleets.4.1.3 For further information, see Annex A1 of this specification.5. Me

31、thanol Fuel Blends Performance Requirements5.1 Methanol fuel blends shall conform to the requirements in Table 1.NOTE 1Most of the requirements cited in Table 1 are based on the best technical information currently available.As greater experience is gained fromfield use of methanol-capable vehicles,

32、 some of these requirements will change.5.1.1 The components used to produce methanol fuel blends are limited to methanol and gasoline blendstock as defined in 5.2.5.1.2 The intentional addition of lead or phosphorus compounds to methanol fuel blends is not permitted.5.2 Gasoline blendstocks used sh

33、all meet the requirements of Table 2. The gasoline blendstock may contain aliphatic ethers asblending components that are used in automotive fuels in some countries outside of North America.5.3 Vapor pressure is varied for seasonal and climatic changes by providing three vapor pressure classes for m

34、ethanol fuelblends as follows:(1) Class 1 encompasses geographical areas with 6 h tenth-percentile minimum ambient temperature of greater than 5 C (41F).(2) Class 2 encompasses geographical areas with 6 h tenth-percentile minimum temperatures of greater than 5 C (23 F) butless than or equal to 5 C (

35、41 F).(3) Class 3 encompasses geographical areas with 6 h tenth-percentile minimum ambient temperature less than or equal to 5C (23 F).5.3.1 There is a 10 % probability that the highest temperature of the six coldest consecutive hourly temperature readings of a24 h day will be colder than the 6 h te

36、nth percentile minimum ambient temperature.5.3.2 See 5.4.2 for seasonal and geographical distributions in the United States.5.4 Regulatory and Other Requirements in the United States:5.4.1 Methanol content and other requirements for methanol alternative fuel blends in the United States can be found

37、in AnnexA1 of this standard.5.4.2 The United States seasonal and geographical distribution for the three vapor pressure classes is shown in AnnexA1, TableA1.1.5.5 Regulatory and Other Requirements Outside the United States:5.5.1 Users of this specification are advised to consult with the applicable

38、regulatory agency for specific requirements for theirjurisdictions.TABLE 1 Requirements for Methanol Fuel Blends (M51M85)Properties Class 1A Class 2 Class 3 Test MethodsAnnex A1D4953 or D5191Vapor pressure, kPaB (psi) 4862(7.09.0)6283(9.012.0)83103(12.015.0)All ClassesCMethanol Content, % by volume,

39、 min 5185 D7920Lead, mg/L, max 2.6 D5059DPhosphorus, mg/L, max 0.2 D3231Sulfur, mg/kg, max 80 D5453Acidity, as acetic acid, mg/kg, max 50 D1613Unwashed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 20 D381Solvent washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5 D381Total Inorganic Sulfate, mg/kg, max 4 D7328Water, % by mass, max

40、 0.5 D7923 or E203Total Inorganic Chloride, mg/kg, max 1 D7328A See 5.3 for volatility class criteria.B The vapor pressure overlap is intentional to cover changes associated with seasonal changes.C Methanol content and selection of gasoline blendstock are adjusted by the blender to meet vapor pressu

41、re requirements. See X1.3.3 for additional information andguidance for blending.D With Test Methods D5059, prepare the calibration standards using methanol (reagent grade) as the solvent to prevent errors caused by large differences incarbon-hydrogen ratios.D5797 1835.5.2 Users of the specification

42、in geographical areas outside the United States need to determine the 6 h tenth percentileminimum ambient temperatures for their geographic areas and times of year in order to select the appropriate classes of fuel.5.6 Use of unprotected aluminum in methanol fuel blend distribution and dispensing eq

43、uipment will introduce insolublealuminum compounds into the fuel causing plugged vehicle fuel filters. Furthermore, this effect can be exaggerated even withprotected aluminum by elevated fuel conductivity caused by contact with a nitrile rubber dispensing hose. Therefore, unprotectedaluminum and an

44、unlined nitrile rubber dispensing hose should be avoided in methanol fuel blend distribution and dispensingsystems.4,56. Workmanship6.1 The finished fuel blend shall be visually free of sediment, suspended, or undissolved matter. It shall be clear and bright atthe fuel temperature at the point of cu

45、stody transfer or at a lower temperature agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.NOTE 2Finished fuel should be resistant to phase separation or undissolved matter at the lowest temperatures to which it is likely to be subjected,dependent on the time and place of its intended use. See Specification D

46、4814, Table X7.1 for guidance.NOTE 3Solubility is temperature dependent. As this fuel cools, some high molecular weight additives can become insoluble.6.2 The specification defines only a basic purity for methanol fuel blend (M51M85).The product shall be free of any adulterantor contaminant that can

47、 render the material unacceptable for its commonly used applications.6.2.1 Manufacturers and blenders of methanol fuel blend (M51M85) shall avoid methanol (for example, improperly recycledmethanol), or hydrocarbon blend components contaminated by silicon-containing materials, or both. Silicon contam

48、ination ofgasoline, denatured ethanol, and their blends has led to fouled vehicle components (for example, spark plugs, exhaust oxygensensors, catalytic converters) requiring parts replacement and repairs. Test Method D7757 is a procedure for determining siliconthat might be applicable to methanol f

49、uel blend (M51M85). No specification limits have been established for silicon.7. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling7.1 The reader is strongly advised to review all intended test methods prior to sampling to better understand the importance andeffects of sampling technique, proper containers, and special handling required for each test method.7.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtain a sample representative of the lot intended to be tested. Use appropriateprocedures in Practice D4057 for manual method sampling an