API MPMS 19 5-2009 Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 19 5 - EI Hydrocarbon Management HM 65 Atmospheric hydrocarbon emissions from marine vessel.pdf

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1、API Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 19.5(Formerly, API Publication 2514A)EI Hydrocarbon ManagementHM 65Atmospheric hydrocarbon emissions from marine vessel transfer operations1st edition, September 2009API MPMS Chapter 19.5/EI HM 65Atmospheric hydrocarbon emissions from marinevessel

2、 transfer operationsFirst EditionSeptember 2009Published jointly byAPI and ENERGY INSTITUTE LONDONThe Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity number 1097899Special Notes and DisclaimersAPI and EI publications are recommended for general

3、 adoption but should be read and interpreted in conjunction withWeights and Measures, Safety, Customs and Excise and other regulations in force in the country in which they are tobe applied. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should bereviewed. S

4、uch regulatory requirements have precedence over corresponding clauses in API/EI publications.However, where requirements of API/EI publications are more rigorous, then their use is recommended. The information contained in this publication is provided as guidance only. Neither API and EI nor any of

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7、ly exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained herein.API/EI joint publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institutes toass

8、ure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institutes make no representation,warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaim any liability or responsibilityfor loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any

9、 authorities having jurisdiction with which thispublication may conflict. API/EI joint publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentr

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13、xclude liability for death or personal injury caused by ownnegligence.The Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter 2003.Registered charity number 1097899, EnglandCopyright 2009 by API, Washington DC and Energy Institute, London:All rights reserved.No part of t

14、his work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.ForewordThis publication was prepared jointly by the American Petroleum Institute Committee on Pet

15、roleum Measurement andthe Energy Institute Hydrocarbon Management Committee. This standard supersedes API Publication 2514A,Second Edition, September 1981, which is withdrawn. See A.1 for more information on the previous editions of thisdocument.The American Petroleum Institute Committee on Petroleu

16、m Measurement (COPM) and the Energy InstitutesHydrocarbon Management Committee (HMC) are responsible for the production and maintenance of standards andguides covering various aspects of static and dynamic measurement of petroleum. The API/EI Joint Committee onHydrocarbon Management (JCHM), its sub-

17、committees and work groups consist of technical specialists representingoil companies, equipment manufacturers, service companies, terminal and ship owners and operators. The API/EIJCHM encourages international participation and when producing publications its aim is to represent the bestconsensus o

18、f international technical expertise and good practice. This is the main reason behind the production ofjoint publications involving cooperation with experts from both the API and EI.API/EI standards are published as an aid to procurement of standardized equipment and materials and/or as goodpractice

19、 procedures. These standards are not intended to inhibit purchasers or producers from purchasing orproducing products made to specifications other than those of API or EI.This publication was produced following API/EI standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation i

20、n the developmental process and is designated as an API/EI standard.Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning theprocedures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards,Amer

21、ican Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, or the Technical Department, EnergyInstitute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR, UK.Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also beaddressed to the Directo

22、r of Standards (API) or the Technical Department (EI). Generally, API/EI standards arereviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years maybe added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standard

23、s Department, 1220L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA, or the EI Technical Department, Energy Institute, 61 New CavendishStreet, London, W1G 7AR, UK.A catalogue of API publications can be found at www.api.org/publications. A catalogue of EI publications can be found at www.energyinstpubs.org.Sug

24、gested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, USA, standardsapi.org or to the Technical Department, Energy Institute, 61 NewCavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR, UK.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26、13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Marine Vessel Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.2 Cargo Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.3 Cargo Compartment Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.4 Miscellaneous Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Procedures for Estimating Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.1 Loading Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 Ballasting Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Sample Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 Loss from Loading Gasolin

31、e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.2 Loss from Loading Crude Oil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.3 Loss from

32、 Loading Ballast Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Development of the Equations for Estimating Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.1 General Expres

33、sion for Loading Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.2 Saturation Factors for Loading Gasoline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96.3 Saturation F

34、actors for Loading Crude Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.4 Saturation Factors for Loading Ballast Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Annex A Historical D

35、evelopment of the Emission Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Annex B Measurement Procedures and Data Analysis Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Annex C Development of Average Emission Factors a

36、nd Confidence Intervals for Gasoline Loading . . . . . 21Annex D Development of Average Emission Factors and Correlation for Crude Oil Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Annex E Development of Average Emission Factors, Confidence Intervals, and Correlationfor Crude Oil Ballasting . . . . . . . . .

37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Annex F Evaporative Cargo Loss Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28FiguresB.1 Typical Loading Emission

38、s Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Tables1 Nomenclature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

39、 Loading Loss Saturation Factor KS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Ballasting Loss Saturation Factor KS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、 54 Saturation Factors for Gasoline Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 API 2524 Loss Data Compared to Predicted Loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 CONCAWE

41、Loss Data Compared to Predicted Loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Saturation Factors for Crude Oil Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Saturation Factors for Load

42、ing Ballast Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11A.1 Total Emission Factors for Gasoline Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13A.2 Total Emission Factors for Crude O

43、il Loading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14A.3 Average Values of Variables for Crude Oil Loading Emission Equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15A.4 Total Emission Factors for Crude Oil Ballasting . . . . . . .

44、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16vPageC.1 Average Measured Emission Factors for Gasoline Loading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21C.2 Calculated Estimates of Mean Total Emission Factors and Confidence Intervals f

45、or Gasoline Loading . 22D.1 Average Measured Emission Factors for Crude Oil Loading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24E.1 Average Measured Emission Factors for Crude Oil Ballasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27E.2 Calcul

46、ated Estimates of Emission Factors and Confidence Intervals for Crude Oil Ballasting . . . . . . . 27E.3 Predicted Estimates of Emission Factors for Crude Oil Ballasting and ConfidenceIntervals for Average PVAand UAValues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

47、. . . . . . . . . . . . . 27F.1 Volumetric Evaporative Cargo Loss Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29F.2 Examples of Predicted Crude Oil Evaporative Cargo Loss Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、 29vi1Atmospheric hydrocarbon emissions from marine vessel transfer operations1Scope This standard provides methods for estimating evaporative loss from marine vessel transfer operations. Specifically,this standard addresses:1) loading stock into: a) ship or ocean barges, or b) shallow draft barges,

49、 and 2) loading ballast water into ship or ocean barges from which crude oil has been unloaded.The emission estimates are for uncontrolled loading operations and do not apply to operations using vapor balance orvapor control systems or ballasting of ships with segregated ballast tanks.This standard does not address evaporative loss for:1) very large crude carriers (VLCCs) or ultra large crude carriers (ULCCs) (unless the saturation factor KSisdetermined); 2) marine vessels employing crude oil washing (see 3.3.1); 3) marine vessel transit loss; 4) loading ballast water into marine vessels