ANSI IEEE C62 41-1991 IEEE Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits《低压交流电源电路中电涌电压推荐规程》.pdf

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1、Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI) IEEE C62.41-1991 (Revision of IEEE C62.41-1980)IEEE Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low-Voltage AC Power CircuitsSponsorSurge-Protective Devices Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering Society Approved February 25, 1991IEEE Standards BoardAp

2、proved September 6, 1991American National Standards InstituteAbstract: A practical basis is provided for the selection of voltage and current tests to be applied inevaluating the surge withstand capability of equipment connected to utility power circuits, primarily inresidential, commercial, and lig

3、ht industrial applications. The recommended practice covers the origin ofsurge voltages, rate of occurrence and voltage levels in unprotected circuits, waveshapes of representativesurge voltages, energy, and source and impedance. Three locations categories are defined according totheir relative posi

4、tion from the building service entrance. For each category, representative waveforms ofsurge voltages and surge currents are described, organized in two recommended “standard waveforms”and three suggested “additional waveforms.”Keywords: ac power circuits, current tests, surge monitoring, surge test

5、 waveforms, surge voltages,surges, test waveforms, voltage tests, wave shapeThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USACopyright 1991 byThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 1991Prin

6、ted in the United States of AmericaISBN 1-55937-130-7No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without theprior written permission of the publisher.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataInstitute of Electrical and Electroni

7、cs Engineers.IEEE recommended practice on surge voltages in low-voltage AC power circuits/sponsor, Surge ProtectiveDevices Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society.p. cm.At head of title: IEEE C62.41-1991 (revision of IEEE C62.41-1980). “Approved February 25, 1991, IEEE Standards Board.“Inclu

8、des bibliographical references.ISBN 1-55937-130-71. Transients (Electricity) 2. Electric circuitsAlternating current. 3. Electric power systemsProtection. I.IEEE Power Engineering Society. Surge Protective Devices Committee.II. Title.TK3226.I57 1991 91-19748621.31 7dc20 CIPiiiIEEE Standards document

9、s are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the StandardsCoordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Board. Members of the committees serve voluntarily and withoutcompensation. They are not necessarily members of the Institute. The standards developed within IEEE repr

10、esent aconsensus of the broad expertise on the subject within the Institute as well as those activities outside of IEEE that haveexpressed an interest in participating in the development of the standard.Use of an IEEE Standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply tha

11、t there are no otherways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEEStandard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to changebrought about through developments in the state o

12、f the art and comments received from users of the standard. EveryIEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every five years for revision or reaffirmation. When a document is morethan five years old and has not been reaffirmed, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of som

13、evalue, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have thelatest edition of any IEEE Standard.Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliationwith IEEE. Suggestions for ch

14、anges in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together withappropriate supporting comments.Interpretations: Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate tospecific applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to

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16、 members of its technical committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requestsexcept in those cases where the matter has previously received formal consideration.Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to:Secretary, IEEE Standards Board

17、445 Hoes LaneP.O. Box 1331Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331USAIEEE Standards documents are adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers without regard towhether their adoption may involve patents on articles, materials, or processes. Such adoption does not assumeany liability to any pate

18、nt owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the standardsdocuments.ivForeword(This Foreword is not a part of IEEE C62.41-1991, IEEE Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low-Voltage AC PowerCircuits.)Transient surge voltages occurring in ac power circuits can be the

19、cause of operational upset or product failure inindustrial and residential systems and equipment. These problems have received increased attention in recent yearsbecause of the widespread application of complex semiconductor devices that are more sensitive to voltage surges thanvacuum tubes, relays,

20、 and earlier generations of semiconductor devices.Logical and economical design of circuits to protect vulnerable electronic systems from upset or failure requiresknowledge of or an estimate of:1) Transient voltage and current waveforms,2) Frequency of occurrence of transients with various energy le

21、vels,3) Particular environmental variations such as amplitudes, and4) Upset or failure threshold of the particular equipment to be protected.The previous edition of this document, IEEE C62.41-1980, “IEEE Guide for Surge Voltages in Low-Voltages ACPower Circuits” (also known as IEEE Std 587-1980), co

22、ntained similar information about the surge environment.Most of the voltage surge recordings for the 1980 edition were made prior to 1975, when electronic instrumentation forsurge monitoring was not readily available. Instrumentation and data-base information, while still limited in someparameters s

23、uch as very short rise time and frequencies, have vastly improved, as reflected in this edition.This document provides updated and expanded information relevant to a typical surge environment based uponlocation within the building, power-line impedance to the surge, and total wire length. Other para

24、meters often addingto the surge environment include proximity and type of other electrical loads, type of electrical service, wiring quality,and geographic location.New information on probability of surges has been added. A new waveform incorporating a shorter front and two newwaveforms incorporatin

25、g longer durations supplement the two standard waveforms. A new section consisting of a“how-to-use” guide has also been added to allow the reader to develop a rational approach to equipment protection byfollowing the recommendations of this document.It must be noted that a recommendation of test wav

26、eforms alone is not an equipment performance specification. Otherdocuments based on the waveforms recommended herein have been or will be developed to describe the performanceof equipment or protective devices in low-voltage ac power circuits.Some manufacturers have advertised that their protective

27、device “meets the requirements” of IEEE Std 587-1980 orIEEE C62.41-1980. Such a statement is a misuse of the document, since the document only describes surges and doesnot specify any specific safe level or performance of equipment during application of a test waveform. The levels givenin this docum

28、ent reflect typical environment conditions and provide a menu from which equipment designers andusers can select the values appropriate to a specific application. Any statement that a protector “meets the requirementsof” or “is certified to” this document is inappropriate and misleading.The Summary

29、given after this Foreword is intended only for a rapid overview and therefore is not included as part ofthe recommended practice.Suggestions for improvements of this recommended practice will be welcomed. They should be sent to the Secretary,IEEE Standards Board, Institute of Electrical and Electron

30、ics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway,NJ 08855-1331, USA.vAt the time this recommended practice was completed, the membership of the Working Group on SurgeCharacterization in Low-Voltage Circuits of the Power Engineering Society consisted of:F.D. Martzloff, Chair R.B. Standler*, Se

31、cretary G. J. BagnallD. W. BoehmB. J. BraskichM. J. CoyleJ. G. DaltonB. Dillon-MaloneF. P. Drake*B. Epstein*L. FishH. E. FoelkerE. GalloP. Goodwin*R. M. HenryC. P. Herig*P. JedlickaJ. L. KoepfingerC. M. MeierK. A. MeindorferW. MilwittR. OdenbergW.T. Rhoades*P. RichmanL. ShulmanL. D. SweeneyD. P. Sym

32、anskiB. I. Wolff*D. M. Worden*Chapter Editor or Task Force LeaderOther individuals who have contributed data* or written comments are:D. A. BellH. A. BuschkeC. E. ChamneyR. A. CombellackD. R. CovingtonE. P. DickJ. I. HerreraW. KappW. H. LewisC. E. LuebkeE. H. Marrow, Jr.A. McEachernR. C. MierendorfM

33、. ParenteA. RebeckL. RegezW. RoehrH. RauworthT. ShaughnessyP. D. SperanzaM. F. StringfellowM. X. TetreaultP. Van DickL. Williams*Contributions to the data base from many researchers, as indicated by the source references, are also gratefullyacknowledged by the working group.When the Balloting Commit

34、tee of the Surge-Protective Devices Committee reviewed and approved this document, ithad the following membership:G. J. BagnallJ. G. DaltonD. C. DawsonC. C. ErvenM. M. FlackH. E. FoelkerG. L. GaibroisP. A. GoodwinC. D. HansellG. S. HaralampuJ. A. HetrickA. R. HilemanS. S. KershawJ. L. KeepfingerW. A

35、. MaguireF. D. MartzloffE. H. Marrow, Jr.R. OdenbergJ. C. OsterhoutM. ParenteP. RichmanE. C. SakshaugR. M. Simpson IIIR. B. StandlerK. B. StumpL. D. SweeneyA. SweetanaD. P. SymanskiE. R. Taylor, Jr.R. S. ThallamS. G. WhisenantL. WilliamsB. I. WolffviThe Accredited Standards Committee on Surge Arrest

36、ers, C62, that reviewed and approved this document, had thefollowing members when at the time this document was sent to letter ballot:Joseph L. Keepfinger, Chair John A. Gauthier, Secretary Organization Represented Name of RepresentativeAssociation of American Railroads Wayne EtterBonneville Power A

37、dministration G. E. LeeExchange Carriers Standards Association Michael ParenteElectric Light and Power R. A. JonesH. E. FoelkerW. A. MaguireDale PetersJ. W. WilsonM. C. Mingoia (Alt.)Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers J. L. KeepfingerG. L. GaibroisC. HansellDale HedmanW. H. KappS. S.

38、Kershaw, Jr.Edgar TaylorNational Electrical Manufacturers Association Scott LawBasil Dillon-MaloneDennis W. LenkBernhard WolffD. WordenDavid Bell (Alt.)Larry Beck (Alt.)Rural Electrification Administration George J. BagnallUnderwriters Laboratories P. NotarianLarry Williams (Alt.)Canadian Standards

39、Association D.M. SmithMembers-at-Large Peter GoodwinF. D. MartzloffJ. OsterhoutB. PanesarviiThe final conditions for approval of this recommended practice were met on February 25, 1991. This recommendedpractice was conditionally approved by the IEEE Standards Board on December 6, 1990, with the foll

40、owingmembership:Marco W. Migliaro, Chair James M. Daly, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary Dennis BodsonPaul L. BorrillFletcher J. BuckleyAllen L. ClappStephen R. DillonDonald C. FleckensteinJay Forster*Thomas L. HannanKenneth D. HendrixJohn W. HorchJoseph L. Koepfinger*Irving KolodnyMichael A. L

41、awlerDonald J. LoughryJohn E. May, Jr.Lawrence V. McCallL. Bruce McClungDonald T. Michael*Stig NilssonRoy T. OishiGary S. RobinsonTerrence R. WhittemoreDonald W. Zipse*Member Emeritus Summary(This Summary is not a part of IEEE C62.41-1991, IEEE Recommended Practice on Surge Voltages in Low-VoltageAC

42、 Power Circuits.)This document describes the occurrence of surges in low-voltage ac power circuits and provides guidance on thesimplification of a complex data base into a limited set of representative surges. This simplification will assistdesigners of equipment in providing the appropriate degree

43、of withstand capability in their designs, allow users ofequipment to specify appropriate levels of withstand requirements, and provide test equipment suppliers and testlaboratories with a recommended practice for a limited number of well-defined test waveforms.Protection from surge voltages in ac po

44、wer circuits can best be achieved through the application of protective devicesmatched to the environment and to the operational requirements of the equipment. Environmental conditions can berepresented by two selected voltage-current waveforms, described as standard waveforms, with amplitude andava

45、ilable energy dependent upon the pertinent location within the power system or distance from the surge source.Circumstances may be encountered where other waveforms, described as additional waveforms, may be appropriate torepresent surges caused by less frequent mechanisms or by the presence of equi

46、pment recognized as the cause oflonger or shorter disturbances.Standard WaveformsFor practical purposes, locations are divided into three categories. Surge characteristics, that is, rates of occurrence,waveforms, source impedances, and amplitudes, are discussed for each category of location and expo

47、sure.1) Locations Category A: Long branch circuits, receptacles (indoor)Category B: Major feeders, short branch circuits, service panel (indoor)Category C: Outdoor overhead lines, service entrance2) Exposure Low Exposure: Systems in geographical areas known for low lightning activity, with little lo

48、ad-switchingactivity.Medium Exposure: Systems in geographical areas known for medium to high lightning activity, or withsignificant switching transients, or both.High Exposure: Those rare installations that have greater surge exposure than those defined by Low Exposureand Medium Exposure.viii3) Reco

49、mmended Values Recommended values are given for the waveforms, voltage amplitude, and current amplitude ofrepresentative surges in line-to-neutral, line-to-line, and neutral-to-ground configurations.Additional WaveformsSpecial situations have been identified in which additional waveforms may be appropriate; these have been added tothe standard waveforms initially defined in the 1980 version of this document. These special situations include thepresence of large banks of switched capacitors or the operation of fuses at the end of long cables. These cases warrantconsideration of a