（通用版）2019高考英语二轮复习第一部分晨背系列二阅读中的常见词汇讲义.doc

《（通用版）2019高考英语二轮复习第一部分晨背系列二阅读中的常见词汇讲义.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《（通用版）2019高考英语二轮复习第一部分晨背系列二阅读中的常见词汇讲义.doc（100页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、1晨背系列二阅读中的常见词汇(一)依据前后缀归类记单词前缀置于词根之前并改变原词义的构词成分 1否定前缀ununeasy 心神不安的 unfortunately 不幸地unhealthy 不健康的 unnecessary 不必要的unwise 不明智的 I felt uneasy at the presence of so many strangers.面对这么多陌生人，我感觉很不自在。Unfortunately, the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over the country.不幸的是，干旱的灾难性影响遍及全国各地。A

2、lthough sparrows showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state.虽然麻雀数量没有减少的迹象，但食物链还是总体处于不健康的状态。nonnonprofit 非营利性的 nonliving 无生命的nonserious 不要紧的 nonverbal 非言辞的 An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with one another.生态系统包括同一地区内相互影

3、响的生物和非生物。In fact, one of the best definitions of a sense of humour is “the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation”事实上，关于幽默感的最好的定义之一就是“能看到情况还没那么糟糕的能力” 。im (in， ir)impatience 不耐烦 impossible 不可能的improperly 不适当地 impractical 不现实的independence 独立 irregularly 不规则地 A serious study of physics is

4、 impossible without some knowledge of mathematics.不了解数学就不可能深入研究物理。Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.2产品因使用不当而造成的损坏，第一年可享受免费维修。disdistrust 不信任 disability 残疾discourage 使气馁 disappointed 失望的disagree 不同意 disuse 废弃 The researchers said that unhealthy lifestyle was re

5、lated to a greater risk of disability.研究人员说不健康的生活方式与致残风险增加有关。Do not let any failures discourage you.别让任何失败使你一蹶不振。They made some experiments in a house disused for years.他们在一间废弃多年的屋子里做了一些实验。2错误前缀mismisunderstand 误解 mistake 错误miscalculate 误算；对判断错误misconception 误解，错觉 If I am not miscalculating, there a

6、re 3 times.如果我没算错的话，总共有 3 次。There are some common misconceptions about the American family values.关于美国的家庭价值观，存在一些常见的错误观念。Misunderstanding often leads to big mistakes.误解常会导致大错误。3方位前缀super(也可表示程度)superhero 超级英雄 superiority 优越；优等superman 超人 supermarket 超市superstar 巨星；超级明星 superstore 大型超市 They should fo

7、cus on the superiority of products.他们应该关注产品的优势。Supermarkets make our life more convenient.超市让我们的生活更便利。Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.3超级巨星们不能随意行动，因为他们不能不担心那些装备了高级相机的摄影师们。subsuburb 郊区 subway 地铁 substitute 代替 Four new subway lines have been built

8、in our city.我们这个城市已经修建了四条新的地铁线路。The baby monkeys picked the soft mothersubstitutes as their favourites.猴宝宝们挑了手感柔软的母亲替代物作为它们的最爱。overoverestimate 高估 overreact 反应过度overuse 过度使用 overcrowded 过度拥挤的 He could not help overreacting to different opinions against his.对那些反对他想法的不同观点，他忍不住反应过度了。Healthy way of life

9、 also means avoiding overuse of medicine.健康的生活方式也意味着避免用药过量。It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the centre of the city.人们期望它一天能够承载 20 000 辆卡车和汽车，这样就可以大大缓解市中心的交通过度拥挤问题。transtransfer 转移；转乘 transport 运输translate 翻译 transform 转换；改变transpl

10、ant 移植 Oneway ticket allows you to reach your destination, including transfers within 2 hours.凭单程票可达目的地，两小时之内换乘有效。Transport routes, timetables and fare information are available from the tourist centre.可从游客中心那里获取交通路线、时刻表以及车票费用的信息。后缀置于词根尾部，主要用于改变单词的词性，偶尔用于改变词义 1名词后缀 动作执行者er (or, ar)farmer 农场主；农民 owne

11、r 物主administrator 管理者 author 作者 mayor 市长 The administrator said we were entitled to a paid leave for ten days 4annually during the first five years.领导告诉我们在工作的前 5 年每年可享受 10 天的带薪假期。The author said something unfair about doctors in his book.作者在他的书中针对医生说了些有失公允的话。antapplicant 申请人 assistant 助理 In order to

12、 get a good job, many applicants poured into the job market.为了得到好的工作岗位，许多求职者涌入了招聘市场。I intend to take a parttime job working as an assistant teacher.我打算兼职当助教。istdentist 牙医 scientist 科学家specialist 专家 tourist 旅行者 Its ten years since the scientist set out on his lifes work of discovering the valuable ch

13、emical element.从这名科学家开始致力于发现这个重要的化学元素到现在，已经过去 10 年了。Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies.与那些旅游公司相比，他们的需求和问题更为重要。 跟动作状态有关的名词性后缀ionaction 行动 attraction 吸引，吸引力reaction 反应 satisfaction 满意 Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。(行动胜于言辞。)Due to the strong attract

14、ion of electronic products, we are less dependent on ourselves.由于电子产品的强大吸引力，我们更不独立自主了。The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear.该项研究测试了 20 名健康的志愿者对于恐惧的反应。mentamazement 惊奇 appointment 约会；任命development 发展 improvement 改进，改善5judgment 判断 treatment 治疗，对待government 政府 unemployment 失

15、业 She noted with amazement how closely her own life mirrored her mothers.她惊讶地注意到她的生活简直就是她母亲生活的翻版。He was satisfied with the improvement of our services.他对我们服务质量的改进感到满意。A judgment must be made free from prejudice.做出的判断应不受偏见的影响。Each citizen will have the right to enjoy the free medical treatment from t

16、he government.每个公民都将有权享受政府提供的免费医疗待遇。inghearing 听力 living 生活方式，生计saying 说话；谚语 training 训练writing 书法 “You cant judge a book by its cover， ” as the old saying goes.正如老话所说：“不能凭封面来判断一本书的好坏。 ”Good public speaking training can help you express yourself more effectively.良好的公开演讲训练有助于更有效地提高你的表达能力。enceconfiden

17、ce 信心，信任 convenience 方便difference 不同，差异 evidence 证据 silence 沉默，无言In terms of convenience, the museum has more advantages over the gallery.就便捷性而言，与美术馆相比，博物馆有更多优势。There is usually a difference between ones dream and reality.一个人的梦想与现实之间通常会有差距。I parked my car by the lakeside and enjoyed reading my book

18、in sweet silence.我把车停在湖边，在美好的静默中享受阅读。urecreature 生物，动物 failure 失败 pressure 压力6pleasure 愉快，乐趣 structure 结构，体系 By keeping a pet, children will get an opportunity to take on full responsibility for another creatures life.通过饲养宠物，孩子们将有机会承担照顾其他生命的责任。He took great pleasure in biking.他从骑车中获得了很多乐趣。Its useful

19、 to know something about human body structure.对人体构造有所了解还是有用的。nessawareness 意识，察觉 business 生意，业务carelessness 粗心大意 uneasiness 不安 With selfawareness and selfcontrol, it is possible to change our bad habits.凭借自我意识和自控能力，改变自身的不良习惯是可能的。I often make mistakes with carelessness.我经常会因粗心大意而犯错。I tried to put asi

20、de my uneasiness and go back to work.我尽量克服自己不安的感觉，重新开始工作。ityactivity 活动 curiosity 好奇心reality 现实 equality 平等quality 质量，品质 popularity 普及，流行，受欢迎 Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages.人类活动不应为所有水资源的短缺承担责任。In reality, equality is not given but gained.在现实中，平等不是被动给予的，而是主动争取来的。Janes popul

21、arity is rooted in her intelligent writing.简之所以受欢迎，根源在于她作品中的智慧。erydelivery 传送，分娩 discovery 发现robbery 抢劫 scenery 风景，景色 The discovery of the gold coins in his suitcase is the reason for their attempted robbery.7在他行李箱里发现的金币是他们企图抢劫的原因。We went to enjoy the fresh air and the beautiful scenery at the seasi

22、de.我们来到海边享受新鲜空气和美丽景色。 其他常用的名词后缀shiphardship 艰难 friendship 友谊 relationship 关系，联系Not until he went through real hardships did he realize the importance of friendship.直到他经历了千辛万苦之后，才明白了友谊的重要性。No one is willing to keep a good relationship with illtempered people.没人愿意和脾气差的人保持良好关系。ologyapology 道歉；歉意 biolog

23、y 生物学psychology 心理学 technology 科技，工艺学 She could not make her decision to choose biology as her major.选择生物学作为专业，她下不了这个决心。There are some problems psychology doesnt have the answer to.有些问题心理学也没法回答。ismcriticism 批评 pessimism 悲观，悲观主义mechanism 机件，机制 optimism 乐观，乐观主义racism 种族主义 tourism 旅游业，观光业 Recent critic

24、ism of the movie arose partly from its pessimism.最近对于这部电影的批评部分源自于电影里的悲观主义。The researchers have found an important mechanism by which the brain works.研究人员已经发现了一种大脑运作的重要机制。The sudden growth of tourism has brought many benefits to the local economy.旅游业的突飞猛进已经给地方经济带来了许多好处。2动词后缀ify8identify 鉴定；识别 simplif

25、y 简化justify 替辩护；证明正当 He helped me identify my strengths and weaknesses.他帮助我认识到了自己的长处和短处。While intelligent people can often simplify the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.聪明的人可能常把复杂的问题简单化，而愚蠢的人则更可能把简单的问题复杂化。izeapologize 道歉 criticize 批评organize 组织，安排 realize 意识到，实现recognize 认出，承认

26、 Many times the person who hurts you does not intend to apologize.很多时候，伤害你的人并不打算向你道歉。He decided to organize a special concert.他决定组织一场特殊的音乐会。One day, you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.有朝一日，你会意识到并不是一切都可以用金钱来购买的。3形容词后缀 用以表示性质与特征的形容词后缀fuldoubtful 可疑的，不确定的 fearful 可怕的grateful

27、感激的，令人愉快的 harmful 有害的meaningful 有意义的，意味深长的 They want to find out how the brain responds to a fearful event.他们想搞清楚大脑对可怕的事件会如何作出反应。He was grateful for his good health and good mood.他很感激自己身体健康、心情舒畅。I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are more meaningful things to do.我认为每天晚上看电视就是浪

28、费时间有许多更有意义的事情可做。ive以ive 结尾的形容词，表示具有某种倾向或特性。active 活跃的；积极的 aggressive 好斗的，有进取心的9attractive 有吸引力的 communicative 健谈的creative 有创造性的 effective 有效的，生效的expensive 昂贵的 positive 积极的，肯定的 Listening is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.听力是一种锻炼我们的注意力和努力程度的积极练习。What makes the book so extraordinary

29、is the creative imagination of the writer.这本书出色之处在于作者富有创意的想象力。It would be more effective to give direct help to the homeless.给无家可归者提供直接帮助会更有效。ous出现在说明人或事物具有某种特质的形容词里。anxious 渴望的；忧虑的 curious 好奇的dangerous 危险的 famous 著名的generous 慷慨的 nervous 神经的，焦虑的previous 以前的，先前的 serious 严重的，严肃的 Children are curious a

30、bout the world by nature.孩子们天生对世界感到好奇。He was glad that he was finally admitted into that famous university.他感到高兴的是自己终于被那所著名大学录取了。A generous person is willing to offer help to those in need, without asking for any reward.慷慨大方的人不要任何回报，心甘情愿给那些需要帮助的人提供援助。able与名词结合构成的形容词，用来描述人或物，具有很多原名词表示的性质与特征。uncomfort

31、able 不舒服的 fashionable 流行的，时髦的honorable 光荣的，可敬的 unreasonable 不合理的valuable 贵重的，宝贵的 She is dressed in a fashionable business suit that fits her very much.她穿着一套时尚又非常合身的职业套装。Mark Twains works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.马克吐温的作品因荒谬的理由被查禁了。The valuable possessions I have is the gold ring and th

32、e pearl necklace my mother left me.我拥有的值钱之物就是我妈妈留给我的金戒指和珍珠项链。10able与动词结合构成的形容词，用来表示事物具有原动词动作和行为特征的属性。admirable 令人钦佩的 avoidable 可避免的imaginable 可想象的 suitable 适宜的，合适的acceptable 可接受的，受欢迎的 available 可利用的；有空的renewable 可更新的，可再生的 In fact, many traffic accidents caused by careless driving are avoidable.实际上，由

33、于粗心驾驶导致的很多交通事故是可以避免的。Tickets are available free of charge from the school.学校有免费票。Scientists are searching renewable energy to replace coal and oil.科学家正在寻找可再生能源来代替煤和石油。 表示“没有”或“缺乏”的概念的形容词后缀less与名词结合构成形容词，用来描述缺乏或不具备原词表示的内容。该后缀不但可以改变词性，还可以改变词义。endless 没完没了的 jobless 失业的homeless 无家可归的 mindless 不留神的，愚蠢的se

34、lfless 无私的 tireless 不知疲倦的wireless 无线的 Overcrowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal to the tourists.过度拥挤的海滩、密集的旅馆，已经开始丧失了对游客的吸引力。My mindless words must have hurt him deeply.我那些没经过大脑思考的话一定已经深深地伤害了他。They once gave us so much selfless love.他们曾经给予了我们许多无私的

35、关爱。 表示“与有关的”形容词后缀al (ial, ical)artificial 人工的，虚假的 facial 面部的financial 金融的，财政的 historical 与历史有关的industrial 工业的 magical 魔术的，神奇的medical 医疗的，医学的 mental 精神的，心理的national 国家的 original 原始的，原版的11personal 个人的，私人的 potential 潜在的physical 物质的，身体的 special 特殊的social 社会的 It is believed that one day artificial intell

36、igence can beat us in playing chess.大家相信有一天人工智能会在下国际象棋方面战胜人类。For kids, gifts always have a magical power to make them happy.对于孩子而言，礼物总有能让他们快乐的魔力。Mental health can never be replaced by wealth.心理健康永远也无法用财富来代替。Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be well protect

37、ed.许多国家正在建立国家公园，在那里动植物可以受到很好的保护。icallergic 过敏的 basic 基本的dramatic 戏剧性的，引人注目的 optimistic 乐观的pessimistic 悲观的 specific 明确的，特殊的 I parked my car and allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.我停下车，让自己好好感受一下这风光秀丽的山谷美景。After so many frustrations, he changed from an optimistic person to a

38、 pessimistic one.经历了诸多挫折后，他从一个乐观的人变成了一个悲观的人。That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.那就导致了专业化这个概念的产生，这意味着人们会专门研究或者关注某个特定的工作。4副词后缀lyactually 实际上 awfully 非常地，极端地constantly 不断地，经常地 currently 现在，通常directly 直接地，立即 evidently 明

39、显地，显著地particularly 特别地 rarely 很少，难得extremely 非常，极其 regularly 有规律地，定期地tightly 紧紧地，坚固地 I constantly say “dont worry about me, Im fine”， but she never 12believes me.我一直说“别为我担心，我一切都好” ，但是她从未相信过我。Evidently, my excitement really came through in my words.显然，我的兴奋之情真的溢于言表。The text evidently ignored the fact

40、that humans, particularly teenagers, rarely seemed reasonable.这篇文章明显忽略了这个事实：人类，尤其是青少年，好像很少有理智的。The baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother.小猴子会在四周活动，也会紧紧搂住它的母亲。ward (s)与表示方向的名词或副词结合构成新词，表示人或物移动或面对的方向。afterward 后来 backward 向后，落后forward 向前；将来 Afterward, she invited me to the oneando

41、nly steak house in the area to celebrate her victory.后来，她邀请我去当地的唯一一家牛排屋庆祝她的胜利。Looking backward, we can discover what is unique in us.回首往事，我们才会发现自己的独特之处。She pushed herself forward through the water.她在水里奋力往前游。通过以上内容，我们能认识到掌握一定数量的前缀、后缀的主要意义和用法，就能认识和掌握更多的词汇，即使这些词汇之前从未接触过。观察原词的用法，通过将前缀或后缀的意义与原词的意义叠加，就能推测

42、出新词的含义。如此举一反三，词汇量可以得到成倍的增长。(二)依据词根联想记单词下面列举了一些高考英语中常见的词根，一旦掌握，就能成倍增加词汇量，并能快速辨析词义。1ann 年anniversary n. 周年纪念annual adj. 每年的2art 技巧article n. 物品；文章artificial adj. 人工的；虚假的3audi 听13audible adj. 听得见的audience n. 听众4ball 舞，球balloon n. 气球vi. 如气球般膨胀ballroom n. 舞厅5bas, base 低下，基础base adj. 低下的n. 基础v. 以为基础baseba

43、ll n. 棒球basement n. 地下室basic adj. 基础的6center, centr 中心concentrate v. 集中n. 浓缩central adj. 中心的7cide 杀pesticide n. 杀虫剂suicide n. 自杀8circ, cycl 圆，环，轮子bicycle n. 自行车circus n. 马戏团；圆形广场cycle n. 周期recycle v. 再循环；回收9clar 清楚，明白clarify v. 讲清楚；澄清declare v. 表明；声明10clos, clud 关闭close n. 关闭closet n. 壁橱；密室conclude

44、v. 得出结论；终结disclose v. 揭发；泄露enclose v. 包围；围绕14include v. 包含11cord 心accord v. 一致；符合record n& v. 记录12cre, creas 增长，产生concrete adj. 具体的n. 混凝土creative adj. 有创造性的creature n. 生物；创造物decrease v. 减少increase v. 增加recreate v. 休养；再造recreation n. 娱乐；消遣13duc, duct 引导conduct n. 行为v. 指挥educate v. 教育；养育produce n. 农产品

45、v. 生产product n. 产物；产品reduce v. 降低；减少14fer 带，拿ferry n. 渡口；渡船offer n& v. 提供；提出prefer v. 更喜欢refer v. 提到；指点suffer v. 受苦；经受transfer v. 转移；转乘15fin 结束，范围finish v. 完成；结束final adj. 最终的n. 决赛16flu 流fluid n. 流体；液体15fluent adj. 流利的influenza n. 流行性感冒(flu)influence n& v. 影响17form 形式，外形formal adj. 正式的；正规的inform v.

46、通知；告知reform n& v. 改革；改造transform v. 转换；改变18grad 步，走，级gradual adj. 逐步的graduate n. 毕业生v. 毕业upgrade v. 上升；升级19lev 举，升elevator n. 电梯lever n. 杠杆20lingu 语言bilingual adj. 两种语言的linguist n. 语言学家21loc 地方local n. (本)当地人adj. (本)当地的；局部的location n. 位置，方位22manu 手manual adj. 手的；用手的manuscript n. 手稿23memor 记忆，记住的memo

47、rial n. 纪念日；纪念物memory n. 记忆24mob, mot, mov 移动mobile adj. 活动的；移动的motion n. 运动movable adj. 可移动的25pon, pos 放置16position n. 位置postpone v. 推迟26popul 人民population n. 人口popular adj. 流行的；大众的27prim 第一，首要primary adj. 最初的primitive adj. 原始的28sci 知道science n. 科学conscious adj. 有知觉的29sens, sent 感觉sense n. 感觉sensit

48、ive adj. 敏感的sentiment n. 感情；情感30spec 看prospect n. 展望spectacle n. 场面；景象31tail 切，割retail n. 零售tailor n. 裁缝32tain, ten, tin 保持，握，容纳contain v. 容纳obtain v. 取得33tend, tens, tent 伸extend v. 伸开；扩展extensive adj. 广阔的extent n. 程度；长度34tract 拖，拉，吸引attract v. 吸引attractive adj. 有吸引力的contract v. 收缩n. 合同distract v. 分散注意力1735uni 单独，单一union n. 联合；工会unite n. 统一；联合36vac, van 空，空虚vacation n. 假期vacancy n. 空位，空缺vanity n. 虚荣心37vid, vis 看见evident adj. 明显的visible adj. 可见的38vit, viv 生活，生存survive v. 幸存vital adj. 生死攸关的；至关重要的vitamin n. 维生素39volv 滚动involve v. 卷入revolve v. 旋转40wis, wit 知道wi