（江苏专用）2020版高考英语新增分大一轮复习语法专题全辑专题二动词和动词短语讲义牛津译林版.doc

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1、1专题二 动词和动词短语动词的辨析动词包括连系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、持续性动词与非持续性动词，是高考考查的重点，无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中，动词辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趋势。动词辨析主要指：1.词形相近的动词之间的辨析。如：lie，lay；rise，raise；sit，seat 等。2.意义相近的动词之间的辨析。如：borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish等。3.动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析。如：advise，advice；cost，worth；pass，past 等。4.意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨析。如：explain，say

2、；discover，invent；uncover，find 等。5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。如：ask，give，call，make，get，keep，want，see，hear 等。6.某些常用动词短语的辨析。如：give in，give up； turn on，turn off，turn down，turn up 等。题组训练 1选词填空A.remind， negotiate， fail， limit， order1.William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fa

3、il.2.If you dont like the drink you ordered just leave it and try a different one.3.Mary，I reminded John of his promise to help you.4.Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also limit our thinking.5.The government refuses to negotiate with terrorists.B.open， ac

4、cumulate， reserve， earn， deny6.Clinical evidence began to accumulate，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.7.Are you still mad at her?2Not really，but I cant deny that her remarks hurt me.8.Id prefer to reserve my judg

5、ment until I find all the evidence.9.You are old enough to earn your own living.10.I opened a bank account after I made $1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.动词短语的核心考点动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：1.根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。(1)动词副词(不及物)Tom turned up after the party when everyone had

6、 left.(2)动词副词(及物)Please turn every light in the house off.注意：如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。She turned off all the lights which had been left on.如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。She gave them away.(3)动词介词(及物)You should learn to care about others.注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。(4)动词副词介词I look forward to seeing you soon.注意：“动词介词” 、

7、 “动词名词副词” 、 “动词副词介词” ，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。In this way both grain and vegetables can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)2.熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上的差异。hear from 收到的来信 hear of 听说look after 照料 look at 看 look for 寻找(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时意义上的差异。ring back 回电话 ring off 挂断电话ring

8、 up 打电话 put away 放好，收起 put on 穿上；上演3put up 挂起；举起(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时意义上的差异。look for 寻找 ask for 请求wait for 等候 send for 派人去叫(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时意义上的差异。break out 发生；爆发 carry out 进行；开展go out 熄灭 hand out 分发let out 放出 look out 当心sell out 卖完 set out 出发take out 取出 work out 算出break down 坏了 come down 落下来get down 下车 tak

9、e down 取下write down 写下题组训练 2短语填空A.speed up， work out， put up with， bring down1.I can put up with the house being untidy，but I hate it if its not clean.2.We aim to bring down the cost of daily life.3.They are broadening the bridge to speed up the flow of traffic.4.You cant predict everything. Often t

10、hings dont work out as you expect.B.care about， bring up， turn down， put up5.You look upset. Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.6.If you care about faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.7.He decided that he would drive all the way home ins

11、tead of putting up at a hotel for the night.8.Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.C.take on， go over， come across， look up9.To get a better grade，you should go over the notes again before the test.10.I often look up the words I dont know in the d

12、ictionary or on the Internet.11.She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.412.Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.易错易混点1.rise 和 raise：rise 是不及物动词，其过去式是 rose，过去分词是 risen，而raise 是及物动词，是规则动词。2.hang 的用法：hang 有两个意

13、思：一为“悬挂” ，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是 hung；二为“绞刑” ，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是 hanged。3.sit 与 seat：seat 为及物动词时作“容纳”讲，sit 只是表示一个动作；seat 表示“就座”时要用 be seated 或用 seat oneself。如：They were seated at their desks.或 I seated myself in the armchair.4.win 与 beat：win 作“胜、赢”讲时其后应接 a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a rac

14、e，a bet 等，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含义。如：I have won him.即“我已说服他了，我赢得了他的好感。 ”而 beat 是及物动词，意为“击败、胜过” ，直接接人、队。5.lost，gone 与 missing：作补足语时意为“丢失、不见了” ，可以用 lost，gone，但要用 miss 时则不能用 missed，而要用 missing。1.Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they might the things they see.(2018江苏，22)A.indicate B.investiga

15、teC.imitate D.innovate答案 C解析 句意为：孩子们不应该有机会接触暴力电影，因为他们可能会模仿(imitate)他们看到的东西。imitate 模仿，符合语境。indicate 表明，暗示；investigate 调查；innovate创新，改革。2.Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which a clear road map and timetable.(2018江苏，25)A.calls for B.calls onC.calls off D.calls up答案 A

16、解析 句意为：发展长江经济带是一个系统化项目，该项目要求(call for)有清晰的路线图和时间表。call for 要求，需要；call on 拜访，号召；call off 取消；call up 打电话。3.At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving，but eventually he 5as she was so confident about her skills.(2018天津，3)A.gave in B.dressed upC.broke in D.turned up答案 A解析 句意为：起初罗伯特不让他的女儿去潜水，但最终他

17、让步了，因为她对自己的技术如此自信。give in 意为“屈服，让步” ，符合语境，故选 A。dress up 穿得正式，装扮；break in 破门而入，打断；turn up 调高(音量、热量等)，(突然)出现，露面。4.It took him a long time to the skills he needed to become a good dancer.(2018天津，8)A.display B.acquireC.teach D.test答案 B解析 句意为：他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀的舞蹈家所需要的技能。acquire 意为“获得，学到” ，符合语境，故选 B。displa

18、y 展示；teach 教；test 测试。5.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help your year ahead.(2017江苏，30)A.shape B.switchC.stretch D.sharpen答案 A解析 句意为：到了年底，快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败，这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape 影响(某事物的发展)，符合语境。switch 转换，转变；stretch 变大，拉长；sharpen 使变锋利，使增强。6.Working with the medical team

19、 in Africa has the best in her as a doctor.(2017江苏，25)A.held out B.brought outC.picked out D.given out答案 B解析 句意为：在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。hold out伸出，坚持；bring out 使显现，使表现出；pick out 挑选出，辨认出；give out 分发，发出。7.Mr and Mrs Brown would like to see their daughter ，get married，and 6have kids.(2017天津，5)A.s

20、ettle down B.keep offC.get up D.cut in答案 A解析 句意为：布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来(settle down)，结婚成家，生儿育女。keep off 使避开，不接近；get up 起床，站起来；cut in 插嘴，打断别人说话。8.Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she her opinion on the subject.(2016天津，8)A.gave voice toB.kept an eye onC.turned a deaf ear toD

21、.set foot on答案 A解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：玛丽在讨论初期保持了沉默，但最终还是提出了对这一话题的看法。give voice to 意为“表达对的想法” ，符合语境。keep an eye on 照看，留意；turn a deaf ear to 对充耳不闻；set foot on 进入，参观。9.Im going to advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle.(2016天津，12)A.put B.makeC.take D.give答案 C解析 考查固定搭配。句意为：我打算利用这次观光机会来探索这

22、座城堡的历史。take advantage of 是固定搭配，意为“利用” ，符合语境，故选 C 项。10.I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to a conversation with her.(2016天津，14)A.carry on B.break intoC.turn down D.cut off答案 A解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：我讨厌工作时她给我打电话我一直很忙，没时间与她进行谈话。carry on 意为“进行，继续” ，符合语境。break into 打断，闯入；turn down 调低，拒绝；cut

23、off 停止，中断。711.He did not easily，but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016江苏，25)A.approach B.wrestleC.compromise D.communicate答案 C解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意为：他不轻易妥协，但他很乐意接受对一项崇高事业的任何建设性的建议。compromise 妥协，符合句意。12.We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，rathe

24、r than us.(2016浙江，8)A.divide B.rejectC.control D.abandon答案 A解析 考查动词辨析。句意为：当我们学会求同存异，而非对立分歧时，我们会收获颇多。divide 分开；reject 拒绝；control 控制；abandon 放弃，抛弃。根据句意可知选 A。13.Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound differently.(2015浙江，5)A.produce B.pronounceC.process D.download答案 C解析 考查动词辨析。句意为：研究表明左右耳处

25、理声音的方式不同。process 加工，处理，符合语境。produce 生产，制作，创作；pronounce 发音；download 下载。14.If you come to visit China，you will a culture of amazing depth and variety.(2015安徽，22)A.develop B.createC.substitute D.experience答案 D解析 考查动词辨析。句意为：如果你来访问中国，你将体验到具有惊人的深度和多样性的文化。develop 开发；create 创造；substitute 替代；experience 经历，体验

26、。15.The team are working hard to the problem so that they can find the best solution.(2015湖北，23)A.face B.prevent8C.raise D.analyze答案 D解析 句意为：这个团队正在努力 这个问题，以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。根据题干中的 find the best solution 可知，在找到最好的解决方法之前应该是先努力“分析(analyze)”问题。face 面对；prevent 阻止；raise 提高。16.In order not to be heard，she poi

27、nted her finger upwards to that someone was moving about upstairs.(2015湖北，24)A.whisper B.signalC.declare D.complain答案 B解析 句意为：为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。根据题干中的 pointed her finger upwards 可知，她只是竖起手指示意，并没有出声。signal 意为“示意” ，所以答案选 B 项。whisper 低语；declare 宣布；complain 抱怨。17.Schools should be lively plac

28、es where individuals are encouraged to to their greatest potential.(2015江苏，22)A.accelerate B.improveC.perform D.develop答案 D解析 考查动词辨析。句意为：学校应该是鼓励个人发展他们最大潜力的、充满活力的地方。accelerate 加速；improve 改善；perform 执行；develop 发展。18.See，your computer has broken down again！It doesnt sense to buy the cheapest brand of c

29、omputer just to save a few dollars.(2015天津，14)A.have B.makeC.display D.bring答案 B解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：看，你的电脑又坏了！仅为了节省几美元而买最便宜品牌的电脑不明智。固定表达 make sense 意为“是明智的，合乎情理的” ，符合语境。19.Tom had to the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.(2015天津，10)A.turn in B.turn downC.turn over D.turn to答案

30、B解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：因为太忙，上周末汤姆不得不拒绝了聚会的邀请。turn 9down 拒绝，符合语境。turn in 上交；turn over (使)翻转，调转；turn to (使)转向，求助于。20.Body language can a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.(2015浙江，7)A.take away B.throw awayC.put away D.give away答案 D解析 考查动

31、词短语辨析。句意为：身势语能够清楚地泄露出你的情绪，因此双臂交叉站着则表示你正在防御。give away 泄露，符合语境。take away 拿开，拿走；throw away 扔掉；put away 收起来，放好，储存。1.We solving international dispute by negotiation，instead of appealing to arms.(2018全国大联考江苏卷，26)A.advocate B.admitC.assess D.approach答案 A解析 句意为：我们提倡靠协商解决国际争端，而不是诉诸武力。advocate 提倡；admit 承认；ass

32、ess 评估，评价；approach 靠近，接近。故选 A。2.I used to quarrel a lot with my parents，but now we fine.A.look out B.stay upC.carry on D.get along答案 D解析 句意为：我过去经常和父母争吵，但现在我们相处融洽。look out 留神，注意；stay up 熬夜；carry on 继续；get along 相处。由句意知 D 项正确。3.North of the city of Pisa in Italy Leaning Tower of Pisa，designed for vert

33、ical construction.A.situates B.locatesC.stands D.lies答案 C解析 表示“位于”时，高于周边地区用 stand，低于周边地区用 lie。A、B 项要用被动语态。4.My friends thought they had made things very smooth for me，but I felt that 10there was still much to with.(2018泰州中学高三上期中，28)A.wrestle B.compromiseC.associate D.stress答案 A解析 句意为：我的朋友们认为他们为我排除了困

34、难，但我觉得还是有很多事情要应对。wrestle with 全力对付，努力克服。5.One can another person without any words.What it takes is a shoulder to cry on and an ear that listens.(2018泰州中学高三上期中，29)A.take advantage of B.spare a thought forC.catch sight of D.reach out to答案 D解析 句意为：一个人可以不用任何言语与另一个人接触，需要的仅仅是一个哭泣时可以依靠的肩膀和一只倾听的耳朵。take adv

35、antage of 利用； spare a thought for 替着想； catch sight of 看见； reach out to 接触。故选 D。6.One factor my weight gain was my love for cooking，especially rich，high-fat desserts，which I enjoyed preparing and of course，eating.A.turning out B.accounting forC.resulting from D.putting on答案 B解析 turn out 结果是，证明是；accou

36、nt for 导致；result from 起因于；put on 穿上。句意为：导致我体重增加的一个因素是我热衷于烹饪，喜欢准备，尤其是吃富含高脂肪的甜点。此处表示导致的原因，故选 B。7.Our city government is building more roads to the increasing number of cars.(2018苏锡常镇二调，22)A.adjust B.acceptC.accelerate D.accommodate答案 D解析 句意为：我们的市政府正在建造更多的马路来容纳持续增多的车辆。adjust 调整；accept 接受；accelerate 调节，

37、加速；accommodate 容纳。根据句意选 D。8.Facebook has recently a string of Facebook groups committed to illegally sharing copyrighted music.(2017南京、盐城一模，22)A.cracked down on B.fallen back onC.kept up with D.got away with 11答案 A解析 句意为：脸书网最近制裁了一批致力于非法分享受版权保护的音乐的脸书群。crack down on 制裁，镇压，打击；fall back on 求助于，依靠，依赖；kee

38、p up with 跟上，紧跟；get away with 侥幸成功，逃脱惩罚。9.Running a business，no matter where it is started， plentiful market research，consistent integrity and a great deal of discipline.A.clarifies B.involvesC.undertakes D.digests答案 B解析 句意为：无论从哪里开始，经营一个公司涉及到大量的市场调研、一贯的诚信和严格的纪律。clarify 澄清；involve 牵涉，涉及；undertake 承担，

39、保证； digest 消化。故答案为 B。10.He could have put pressure on us to adopt his proposal.Yes，but he didnt .(2017苏锡常镇四市一模，25)A.make his way B.get his wayC.give his way D.feel his way答案 B解析 句意为：他本可以对我们施加压力来采纳他的提议。是的，但是他并没有为所欲为。make ones way 前进，行进；get ones way 随心所欲，为所欲为；没有 give ones way 这种形式，只有 give way to “给让路，

40、被所取代” ；feel ones way 摸索着前进。根据句意选 B 项。11.You must bring your insurance card with you when you with a dentist or doctor.A.register B.interfereC.compromise D.negotiate答案 A解析 句意为：当你向牙医或者医生登记时，你必须带上你的医保卡。register 登记，注册，符合语境。interfere 干预，干涉；compromise 妥协，让步；negotiate 协商，磋商。12.The concepts in philosophy Ja

41、ck read have somewhat affected how he his daily life.(2018南通、泰州一调，24)A.shrinks from B.pulls throughC.compensates for D.goes about答案 D12解析 shrink from 逃避；pull through 渡过难关，恢复健康；compensate for 补偿；go about 从事 ， 进 行 (日 常 的 活 动 )。 句 意 为 ： 杰 克 读 的 哲 学 思 想 有 点 影 响 他 进 行 日 常 生 活 的 方 式 。故 选 D。13.Evidence beg

42、ins to that the earth and the rest of the universe are in fact changing with time.(2018南京高淳区、淮海中学等 97 校联考，27)A.accumulate B.accelerateC.accompany D.approve答案 A解析 句意为：关于地球和宇宙的其他部分实际上在随着时间而改变的证据开始累积。accumulate 累积；accelerate 加速；accompany 陪伴；approve 批准。故选 A。14.Varieties of magazines and research papers

43、are with the aim of feeding readers appetite for specific knowledge.(2018南通、徐州等七市联考，24)A.put out B.made outC.laid out D.taken out答案 A解析 put out 扑灭，伸出，生产，出版；make out 理解，假装，辨认出，填写(表格)；lay out 展示，设计，安排，陈设；take out 取出，除去，拔掉，把带出去，邀请(某人)外出。本题中 put out 意为“出版” ，故选 A。15.If these new measures dont work，well h

44、ave to our old system.(2017南京、盐城二模，34)A.make up for B.come up withC.break away from D.fall back on答案 D解析 句意为：如果这些新方法不起作用，我们将不得不转而依靠旧的系统。make up for弥补；come up with 想出，提出；break away from 脱离；fall back on 转而依靠，求助于。根据题意选 D 项。16.Chinas new era will be an era of building on past successes to further the ca

45、use of the CPC and the country.(2018镇江高三上期中，28)A.announce B.accompanyC.advance D.accumulate答案 C解析 句意为：中国的新时代将是一个建立在过去的成功基础上，进一步推进中国共产党和国家事业的时代。announce 宣布；accompany 陪伴；advance 推进；accumulate 累积。故选13C。17.The worlds leading thinkers and policymakers examine whats come apart in the past year，and what wi

46、ll define the year ahead.(2018苏锡常镇一调，28)A.evaluate B.innovateC.anticipate D.regulate答案 C解析 evaluate 评估；innovate 创新；anticipate 预测，预计；regulate 管理，规范。根据句意可知，此处表示：预计什么东西决定着明年(的状况)。故选 C。18.Why not that suit to see whether it matches with your shirt?A.try back B.try onC.try for D.try out答案 B解析 try back 重新

47、回到；try on 试穿；try for 谋求，争取得到；try out 试验，考验。19.Being sure that the wounded tiger could look after itself，the doctors it into the forest.A.relieved B.releasedC.removed D.rejected答案 B解析 句意为：确信这只受伤的老虎能够照顾自己，医生们把它放回了森林。release 放走(人或动物)，释放，解放，发行，发布，符合语境。relieve 减轻或排除(痛苦、忧虑等)；remove 移开，移除，脱下(衣服等)；reject 拒绝接受，抛弃(某事物)。20.Tired of work through the year，she desired to and make an independent life for herself.A.drop off B.drop outC.drop in D.drop behind答案 B解析 drop off 减少；drop out 离开，退出；drop in 顺便(或偶然)访问；drop behind 落后。句意为：厌倦了一年到头工作，她渴望逃离，去过独立的生活。