SMPTE ST 2059-1-2015 Generation and Alignment of Interface Signals to the SMPTE Epoch.pdf

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1、 Copyright 2015 by THE SOCIETY OF MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION ENGINEERS 3 Barker Avenue, White Plains, NY 10601 (914) 761-1100 Approved March 26, 2015 Table of Contents Page Foreword . 2 Intellectual Property 2 Introduction 2 1 Scope . 4 2 Conformance Notation . 4 3 Normative References . 4 4 Defi

2、nition of Terms and Acronyms . 6 5 Arithmetic Operators 7 6 SMPTE Epoch and Signal Alignment 8 7 Video Signal Generation 8 7.1 Analog Standard Definition Television 9 7.2 Digital Standard Definition Television . 11 7.3 Analog High Definition Television . 11 7.4 Digital High Definition Television 13

3、7.5 Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV) . 14 8 Audio Signal Generation 14 8.1 AES3 Digital Audio 14 8.2 Audio/Video Alignment Cadence 15 9 SMPTE ST 12-1 Time Code Generation . 15 9.1 Introduction and Overview (Informative) 15 9.2 Definitions and Variable Names 17 9.3 Generation of the SMPTE ST

4、12-1 LTC Codeword 18 9.4 Generation of the SMPTE ST 12-1 Time-of-Day Time Address Value 18 Annex A Alignment Points (Informative) 30 Annex B Bibliography (Informative) 31 Page 1 of 31 pages SMPTE ST 2059-1:2015 Generation and Alignment of Interface Signals to the SMPTE Epoch SMPTE STANDARD SMPTE ST

5、2059-1:2015 Page 2 of 31 pages Foreword SMPTE (the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) is an internationally-recognized standards developing organization. Headquartered and incorporated in the United States of America, SMPTE has members in over 80 countries on six continents. SMPTEs

6、Engineering Documents, including Standards, Recommended Practices, and Engineering Guidelines, are prepared by SMPTEs Technology Committees. Participation in these Committees is open to all with a bona fide interest in their work. SMPTE cooperates closely with other standards-developing organization

7、s, including ISO, IEC and ITU. SMPTE Engineering Documents are drafted in accordance with the rules given in Standards Operations Manual. SMPTE ST 2059-1 was prepared by the Technology Committee 32NF. Intellectual Property SMPTE draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with thi

8、s Standard may involve the use of one or more patents or other intellectual property rights (collectively, “IPR“). The Society takes no position concerning the evidence, validity, or scope of this IPR. Each holder of claimed IPR has assured the Society that it is willing to License all IPR it owns,

9、and any third party IPR it has the right to sublicense, that is essential to the implementation of this Standard to those (Members and non-Members alike) desiring to implement this Standard under reasonable terms and conditions, demonstrably free of discrimination. Each holder of claimed IPR has fil

10、ed a statement to such effect with SMPTE. Information may be obtained from the Director, Standards 2) The alignment of these signals to the SMPTE Epoch; 3) Formulae which specify the ongoing alignment of these signals to time since the SMPTE Epoch; 4) Formulae which specify the calculation of SMPTE

11、ST 12-1 Time Address values and SMPTE ST 309 date values from SMPTE Profile IEEE 1588-2008 PTP data. Note: Implementers are encouraged to read both SMPTE ST 2059-1 and SMPTE ST 2059-2 as a pair. 2 Conformance Notation Normative text is text that describes elements of the design that are indispensabl

12、e or contains the conformance language keywords: “shall“, “should“, or “may“. Informative text is text that is potentially helpful to the user, but not indispensable, and can be removed, changed, or added editorially without affecting interoperability. Informative text does not contain any conforman

13、ce keywords. All text in this document is, by default, normative, except: the Introduction, any section explicitly labeled as “Informative“ or individual paragraphs that start with “Note:” The keywords “shall“ and “shall not“ indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the d

14、ocument and from which no deviation is permitted. The keywords, “should“ and “should not“ indicate that, among several possibilities, one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others; or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required; or

15、that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is deprecated but not prohibited. The keywords “may“ and “need not“ indicate courses of action permissible within the limits of the document. The keyword “reserved” indicates a provision that is not defined at this time, shall not

16、 be used, and may be defined in the future. The keyword “forbidden” indicates “reserved” and in addition indicates that the provision will never be defined in the future. A conformant implementation according to this document is one that includes all mandatory provisions (“shall“) and, if implemente

17、d, all recommended provisions (“should“) as described. A conformant implementation need not implement optional provisions (“may“) and need not implement them as described. Unless otherwise specified, the order of precedence of the types of normative information in this document shall be as follows:

18、Normative prose shall be the authoritative definition; Tables shall be next; followed by formal languages; then figures; and then any other language forms. 3 Normative References Note: All references in this document to other SMPTE documents use the current numbering style (e.g. SMPTE ST 170:2004) a

19、lthough, during a transitional phase, the document as published (printed or PDF) may bear an older designation (such as SMPTE 170M-2004). Documents with the same root number (e.g. 170) and publication year (e.g. 2004) are functionally identical. SMPTE ST 2059-1:2015 Page 5 of 31 pages The following

20、Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibi

21、lity of applying the most recent edition of the standards indicated below. SMPTE ST 12-1:2014, Time and Control Code SMPTE ST 125:2013, SDTV Component Video Signal Coding 4:4:4 and 4:2:2 for 13.5 MHz and 18 MHz Systems SMPTE ST 170:2004, Television Composite Analog Video Signal NTSC for Studio Appli

22、cations SMPTE ST 274:2008, Television 1920 1080 Image Sample Structure, Digital Representation and Digital Timing Reference Sequences for Multiple Picture Rates SMPTE ST 293:2003, Television 720 483 Active Line at 59.94-Hz Progressive Scan Production Digital Representation SMPTE ST 296:2012, 1280 72

23、0 Progressive Image 4:2:2 and 4:4:4 Sample Structure Analog and Digital Representation and Analog Interface SMPTE ST 309:2012, Transmission of Date and Time Zone Information in Binary Groups of Time and Control Code SMPTE ST 318:1999, Television and Audio Synchronization of 59.94- or 50-Hz Related V

24、ideo and Audio Systems in Analog and Digital Areas Reference Signals SMPTE ST 2048-2:2011, 2048 1080 Digital Cinematography Production Image FS/709 Formatting for Serial Digital Interface SMPTE ST 2059-2:2015, SMPTE Profile for Use of IEEE-1588 Precision Time Protocol in Professional Broadcast Appli

25、cations AES3-3:2009, AES Standard for Digital Audio Digital Input-Output Interfacing Serial Transmission Format for Two-Channel Linearly-Represented Digital Audio Data Part 3: Transport AES11:2009, AES Recommended Practice for Digital Audio Engineering Synchronization of Digital Audio Equipment in S

26、tudio Operations Recommendation ITU-R BT.601-7 (03/2011), Studio Encoding Parameters of Digital Television for Standard 4:3 and Wide-Screen 16:9 Aspect Ratios Recommendation ITU-R BT.1358-1-2007, Studio Parameters of 625 and 525 Line Progressive Television Systems Recommendation ITU-R BT.1700-2005,

27、Characteristics of Composite Video Signals for Conventional Analogue Television Systems SMPTE ST 2059-1:2015 Page 6 of 31 pages 4 Definition of Terms and Acronyms 4.1 AES Audio Engineering Society. This is a professional society and Standards Development Organization focused on audio. 4.2 Alignment

28、Point The Alignment Point is a defined temporal reference point in a signal. 4.3 Daily Jam As defined in SMPTE ST 2059-2. 4.4 DARS An AES3 Digital Audio Reference Signal conforming to AES11. 4.5 DST Daylight Saving Time. This is an offset to local time in effect in summer months in many countries. 4

29、.6 EAV End Active Video. This codeword represents the end of the active video line and the beginning of the horizontal blanking interval. 4.7 Epoch An Epoch is a point in time chosen as the origin of a new or distinctive era. Time is counted from the epoch so that events can be specified unambiguous

30、ly thereafter. In the context of this application of the term, the new or distinctive era is characterized as one where the phase of signals with a specified relationship to the Epoch is established. 4.8 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. This is a professional association and St

31、andards Development Organization. 4.9 ITU International Telecommunications Union. This is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is responsible for issues that concern information and communication technologies. 4.10 Local Time As defined in SMPTE ST 2059-2. 4.11 LTC Linear Time Code. This

32、is the time code specified in SMPTE ST12-1, originally intended for recording on a longitudinal audio track of a tape recorder. 4.12 MJD Modified Julian Date. The Modified Julian Date. is a zero based Gregorian calendar day number with an origin of 00:00:00 hours UTC time, 1858-11-17. MJD is specifi

33、ed by a number with five significant figures. SMPTE ST 2059-1:2015 Page 7 of 31 pages 4.13 NTSC National Television Standards Committee. This is a color encoding system for analog composite television used in broadcast television systems in most countries broadcasting 480i. 4.14 PAL Phase Alternate

34、Line. This is a color encoding system for analog composite television used in broadcast television systems in most countries broadcasting 576i. 4.15 PTP Precision Time Protocol as defined in IEEE Standard 1588-2008. 4.16 SAV Start of Active Video. This codeword represents the end of the horizontal b

35、lanking interval and the beginning of the active video line. 4.17 TAI International Atomic Time (TAI, from the French name Temps Atomique International) This time reference scale was established by the BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) on the basis of atomic clock readings from variou

36、s laboratories around the world. 4.18 Time Address The Time Address of a frame (of video) as defined by SMPTE ST 12-1. 4.19 UTC Coordinated Universal Time. This is the primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time. 5 Arithmetic Operators The arithmetic operators used in the conv

37、ersion formulae in this document are defined as follows: + Addition Subtraction Multiplication / Division % Modulus operator (remainder from the division of two integers) int(x) Rounds the element x to the nearest integer towards zero ceiling(x) Rounds the element x to the nearest integer towards po

38、sitive infinity greater than greater than or equal to less than SMPTE ST 2059-1:2015 Page 8 of 31 pages = assignment = equal to (comparative) not equal to Note: These definitions differ slightly from earlier SMPTE documents (EG40) and are intended to be more precise in definition. Note: Implementers

39、 must be aware that sufficient precision is necessary in calculations to ensure that rounding or truncation operations will not create errors in the end results. 6 SMPTE Epoch and Signal Alignment The SMPTE Epoch shall be 1970-01-01T00:00:00TAI, which is the same as the PTP Epoch specified in IEEE S

40、tandard 1588-2008. Note: The SMPTE Epoch is 63072010 seconds before 1972-01-01T00:00:00Z (UTC). Periodic signals in scope of this standard shall have a defined Alignment Point and shall be aligned such that the Alignment Point would have occurred at the SMPTE Epoch and the signals subsequently maint

41、ained their periodicity in accordance with the master time reference used for their generation. 7 Video Signal Generation For video signals documented in this Standard the Alignment Point is the beginning of vertical sync in an analog signal or the corresponding sample in a digital signal. When colo

42、r framing is employed, the Alignment Point corresponds to the first field of the color field sequence. For interfaces not documented in this standard the Alignment Point shall be defined in those Standards. Note: For video signals stored as files, vertical interval may or may not be germane. This do

43、cument addresses video signals at an interface. Video signals shall be generated using alignment to the SMPTE Epoch and the formulae in the following sections (or by an alternative method yielding the identical results). The following tables and formulae describe the relationships of SMPTE and ITU-R

44、 standardized legacy video signals with respect to time since the SMPTE Epoch for each video signal interface. This does not imply that generators need to directly use these equations in the implementation of signals; however any implementation shall produce results identical to those produced by th

45、e equations. Note: The following tables utilize variables derived directly from the underlying SMPTE and ITU-R legacy video standards. As a result of this, there are several variables (e.g., “Cf” or “CF”) which are in effect case sensitive, and may differ between legacy SD and legacy HD usage. This

46、is due to the fact that the underlying SMPTE and ITU-R legacy video standards evolved over time, and were not written necessarily with the thought that readers might be referring to more than one simultaneously nor that signals would be generated using an underlying core synchronization mechanism ba

47、sed on time. Implementers need to be careful in application of the following equations to tie back to the underlying legacy standards. The values in the tables are derived from the reference SMPTE and ITU-R standards for the individual image formats and their interfaces. The following variables and

48、terms are used in the tables and formulae in this section: SMPTE ST 2059-1:2015 Page 9 of 31 pages Cf is the duration of a color field sequence in fields. Note: This is not the same as variable “CF” defined in Section 9. ColorField is the value of the color field counter (one-based). ColorField valu

49、e 1 is the 1st field of the color field sequence (as defined in the reference standards). H is the duration of an entire video line in sample clock periods. HA is the duration of an active video line in sample clock periods. L is the line number of the vertical Alignment Point (as defined in the reference standards). LineNumber is the value of the vertical counter (one-based). LineNumber 1 is line 1 of the frame (as defined in the reference standards). NextAlignmentPoint is the value of t at the