SAE J 2661-2011 Optical Imaging Evaluation of Impact Damage Resistance Testing on Exterior Finishes《光学成像评价外饰面冲击损伤电阻测试》.pdf
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1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside US
4、A) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2661_201105SURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ2661 MAY2011 Issued 2011-05Optical Imaging Evalua
5、tion of Impact Damage Resistance Testing on Exterior Finishes RATIONALEThe ISO method is designed only for exterior coatings material. SAE J2661 is a more comprehensive method that covers not only the exterior coatings materials but also exterior plastics, coatings, paints, plastic sheeting material
6、s and so on. The ISO method is not comprehensive in its description of how the evaluation is performed. The SAE method describes details of performance not covered in the ISO method, base on the input of American automakers and their suppliers. The American automakers perform a slightly different ty
7、pe of stone chipping test (Gravelometer Test) compared to the rest of the world due to the road conditions in the U.S. SAE J2661 is technically equivalent to ISO 21227-2. 1. SCOPE This SAE Recommended Practice covers a procedure for evaluating plastic and multiple-layer coatings exposed to gravelome
8、ter testing (as defined in SAE J400) with an optical imaging and analysis system. The intent of the procedure is to detect, count and characterize instances of damage in the coated surface that fracture the top coat layer or penetrate through multiple layers of the coating system. It may be possible
9、 to extend this methodology of coating damage evaluation to specimens that have undergone test procedures or exposures that produce similar, discrete damage sites in the coating system. If so applied, evaluation results must be interpreted with respect to the limitations and intent implied by the or
10、iginal evaluation procedure and its associated rating system, if applicable. 1.1 Applicability This method may be applied to the evaluation of surface damage on plastic and coated surfaces caused by means other than gravelometer testing; provided that the specimen substrate is not significantly defo
11、rmed to a degree that would prevent all surface damage sites from remaining in a single focal plane capable of being adequately resolved by the image capturing device.1.2 Application This SAE Recommended Practice covers a procedure for evaluating plastic and multiple-layer coatings exposed to gravel
12、ometer testing (as defined in SAE J400) with an optical imaging and analysis system. The intent of the procedure is to detect, count and characterize instances of damage in the coated surface that fracture the top coat layer or penetrate through multiple layers of the coating system. It may be possi
13、ble to extend this methodology of coating damage evaluation to specimens that have undergone test procedures or exposures that produce similar, discrete damage sites in the coating system. If so applied, evaluation results must be interpreted with respect to the limitations and intent implied by the
14、 original evaluation procedure and its associated rating system, if applicable. SAE J2661 Issued MAY2011 Page 2 of 10 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Related Publications The following publications are listed for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical Report.2.1.1 SAE Publicat
15、ions Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J400 Test for Chip Resistance of Surface Coatings 2.1.2 ISO Publications Available from American National Standards Insti
16、tute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org.ISO 21227-21Paints and varnishes Evaluation of defects on coated surfaces using optical imaging Part 2: Evaluation of multi-impact stone chipping test 3. SUMMARY OF METHOD Tested specimens are digitally captured unde
17、r predetermined (software controlled) Illumination geometries. The images are then processed to highlight the damage sites. Subsequent processing may be applied to separate out the damage sites layer-by-layer on specimens having multi-layer coatings. The damage sites are then automatically measured
18、and analyzed geometrically (by a software program) to derive statistical characteristics. The ratio of the damaged area to the total evaluated area on the sample specimen is measured and recorded as a percentage. If desired and within the capability of the analysis program, other quantitative variab
19、les may be determined. This data is then saved to disk. The procedure above may also be applied to reference specimens, ultimately allowing a rating of the test specimens by comparing their statistical data with those of the numerically ranked reference specimens. The reference samples shall be as s
20、imilar as possible to the samples to be tested, as far as material formulation, structure, finish and contrast of the individual layers (in coating systems) are concerned; therefore they shall be made using real resources and systems subject to strict quality control. During the evaluation procedure
21、, optimal specimen illumination and image processing conditions are established and their software settings shall be savable to disk. This allows them to be recalled, ensuring stable and reproducible evaluation conditions specimen-to-specimen, especially critical if the evaluation procedure is inter
22、rupted or conducted over multiple sessions. 1To be published. SAE J2661 Issued MAY2011 Page 3 of 10 4. EQUIPMENT 4.1 Optical Imaging System 4.1.1 Hardware The hardware shall include an image capturing device, fixed-geometry illumination source or sources, and a means for performing the capture of sp
23、ecimen surface images in the absence of ambient light. Illumination source and imaging control shall be provided by computer software to allow accurate reproducibility of the image capture conditions. 4.1.1.1 Image Capture Device This component shall include a charge coupled device (CCD, or CCD chip
24、) providing an imaging resolution of 10 pixels/mm and the capability to record 8 bit/pixel grayscale (256 shade) images. The viewing lens shall be fixed-focal length type with a fixed aperture to ensure identical image capture magnification and prevent variations in the detection resolution. A vibra
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