NAVY MIL-STD-2195 A-1993 DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF DEALLOYING CORROSION ON ALUMINUM BRONZE AND NICKEL-ALUMINUM BRONZE COMPONENTS INSPECTION PROCEDURE FOR《铝铜和镍铝青铜部件脱合金腐蚀的检测和测量程序》.pdf

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1、I INCH-POUND 1 MIL-STD-2195A(SH) 17 December 1993 SUPERSEDING MIL-STD-2195 (SH) 28 April 1989 MILITARY STANDARD INSPECTION PROCEDURE FOR DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT OF DEALLOYING CORROSION ON ALUMINUM BRONZE AND NICKEL-ALUMINUM BRONZE COMPONENTS Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networki

2、ng permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD Inspection Procedure for Detection and Measurement of Dealloying Corrosion on Aluminum Bronze end Nickel-Aluminum Bronze Components 1. This Military Standard is approved for use by the Naval Sea Systems Command, Department of the Navy, and is availa

3、ble for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command, SEA 5523, Department of the Nav

4、y, Washington, DC 20362-5101 by using the self-addressed Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter. 3. Inspection for the presence and depth of dealloying corrosion on aluminum bronze and nickel-aluminum bronze components is accom

5、plished by performing two individual tests: the silver nitrate spot test and the eddy current test. 4. The silver nitrate test is used to verify the presence of dealloying at a specific location on the component. The test is accomplished by applying a drop of an aqueous silver nitrate solution to a

6、cleaned area on the bronze component surface. The solution will immediately display a black color in dealloyed areas due to a reaction with the free copper present. If the solution is applied to an area on the original component surface to verify the presence of dealloying on the component, the test

7、 is termed the surface silver nitrate test. When the solution is placed within an excavation to indicate the depth to which dealloying has progressed below the metal surface, the test is termed the subsurface silver nitrate test. 5. The eddy current test consists of analyzing the impedance changes i

8、n a test coil that is scanned across the component surface. High frequency alternating current in the test coil induces eddy currents in the electrically conductive bronze. Alloy compositional changes brought about by dealloying corrosion alter the magnetic permeability characteristics of the bronze

9、. This permeability change disturbs the flow of the induced eddy currents and thereby is reflected on the eddy current test instrument output display as an indication of dealloying. The eddy current test, as described herein, can only be used as a qualitative tool to indicate the surface area extent

10、 and relative depth of dealloying, subject to the limits of eddy current penetration, and not as a quantitative tool to measure dealloying depth. i Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-2195A(SH) 17 December 1993 Paragraph 1 . 1.1 1

11、.2 2 . 2.1 2.1.1 2.1. 2.2 2.3 3 . 3 . 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 4 . 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4 4.7.5 4.7.6 4.7.7 4.7.8 4.7.9 4.7.10 4.7.11 4.7.12 4.7.13 4.7.14 4.8 4.8.1 CONTENTS Page SCOPE 1 Scope 1 Purpose . 1 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 1

12、 Government documents . 1 Specifications and standards . 1 Other Government publications 1 Non-Government publications . 1 Order of precedence . 2 DEFINITIONS . 2 Introduction . 2 Absolute coil 2 Airnullpoint 2 Cathode ray tube (CRT) 2 Dealloying 2 Eddycurrents 2 Equipment 2 Government inspector . 2

13、 Kilohertz (kHz) . 3 Lift-off . 3 Machined Surface . 3 Magnetic permeability 3 Material Point 3 Non-machined surface . 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3 Component access . 3 Component cleanliness 3 Material verification 3 Component sketch . 3 Component exposure 4 Extent of inspection . 4 Equipment 4 CRT disp

14、lay . 4 Test coilprobe . 5 ET performance verification reference block . 5 Silver nitrate performance verification reference block . 5 Silver nitrate solution . 5 Medicine dropper (or other applicator) 5 Absorbent paper towels 5 Abrasive cloth. paper. or disks . 6 Portable power tool . 6 Rotary file

15、 . 6 Depth gauge . 6 Grease pencil (china marker) . 6 Fresh water . 6 Qualification 6 Procedures 6 Aluminum bronze/nickel-aluminum bronze 2 Inspection activity . 2 Eddy current instrument . 4 iii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-. _“ M

16、IL-STD-2195A(SH) 17 December 1993 Pararrrauh 4.8.2 4.8.3 4.8.4 4.9 5 . 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.1.6 5.1.7 5.1.8 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.4.1 5.2.4.2 5.2.4.3 5.2.5 5.2.5.1 5.2.5.2 5.2.5.3 5.2.5.4 5.2.5.5 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 6 . 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 CONTENTS Page Personnel . eddy current . 6

17、Personnel . silver nitrate 6 Equipment 6 Inspection sequence 6 DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 6 Eddy current test 6 Introduction . 6 Equipment required 7 Surface condition 7 Equipment performance verification 7 Inspection procedure for components partially exposed to seawater . 8 Inspection procedure for com

18、ponents totally exposed to seawater . 9 Inspection procedure for threaded sections of components . 10 Inspection notes . 11 Silver nitrate test . 11 Introduction . 11 Equipment/materials required . 11 Solution check 11 Surface silver nitrate test . 12 Surface preparation . 12 Surface silver nitrate

19、solution application . 12 Test evaluation . 12 Subsurface silver nitrate test 12 Surface preparation . 12 Subsurface silver nitrate solution application 13 Test evaluation . 13 Depth measurement 13 Acceptance criteria . 13 Disposal of rejected castings 14 NOTES 14 Intendeduse . 14 IssueofDODISS . 14

20、 Data requirements 14 Subject term (key word) listing . 14 Excavation 12 Evaluation 13 IV Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Fi pure Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Fig

21、ure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. MIL-STD-2195A(SH) 17 December 1993 FIGURES Page Appearance of dealloying on saw-cut and fracture surfaces of an aluminum bronze valve tailpiece. . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Microstructural appearance of the dealloyed/sound metal interface from an aluminum bronze

22、 valve tailpiece. . . . . . 16 Sample component sketch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Inspection sequence flow diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 CRT screen showing performance verification response. . . . . 19 CRT screen showing dealloying response. . . , , , . . . . . . 20 CRT screen

23、 showing response to lift-off and component defects. 21 Silver nitrate solution response to dealloyed metal and non-dealloyed metal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Excavating casting for subsurface silver nitrate test. . . . 23 Removing excess silver nitrate solution from excavation. . .

24、 24 Test results showing interface of dealloyed and non-dealloyed metal in an excavation. . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Dealloying acceptance curve for cast NiAlBRZ/AlBRZ. , . . . . 25 Measuring depth of dealloying. . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . 26 Sample dealloying inspection data record. . . . . . . .

25、. . . 28 V Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-2195A(SH) 17 December 1993 1. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This standard provides the inspection activity with the necessary information to inspect aluminum bronze and nickel-aluminum bronze comp

26、onents for dealloying corrosion on surfaces that have come in contact with seawater. Minimum requirements are specified for inspection personnel, equipment, procedures, and acceptance criteria, and for recording and reporting results. 1.2 PurDose. This standard specifies the minimum requirements nec

27、essary to conduct the silver nitrate spot test and the eddy current test (ET) to determine the presence and depth of dealloying on aluminum bronze and nickel- aluminum bronze components on submarines. 2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 2.1 Government documents. 2.1.1 Specifications and standards. The following

28、 specifications and standards form a part of this standard to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DODISS) and supplement thereto, cited in the solicita

29、tion (see 6.2). SPECIFICATIONS FEDERAL QQ-C-390 - QQ-C-450 - Copper Alloy Castings (Including Cast Bar). Copper-Aluminum Alloy (Aluminum Bronze) Plate, Sheet, Strip, and Bar (Copper Alloy Numbers 606, 610, 613, 614, and 630). MILITARY MIL-B-24480 - Bronze, Nickel-Aluminum (UNS No. C95800) Castings f

30、or MIL-B-16166 - Bronze, Aluminum: Forgings, Heat-Treated. Seawater Service. STANDARD MILITARY MIL-STD-271 - Requirements for Nondestructive Testing Methods MIL-STD-45662 - Calibration Systems Requirements. (Unless otherwise indicated, copies of federal and military specifications and standards are

31、available from the Naval Publications and Forms Center, (ATTN: NPODS), 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120-5099.) 2.1.2 Other Government publications. The following other Government publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues

32、 are those cited in the solicitation. 1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-2195A(SH) 17 December 1993 PUBLICATIONS NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEA) 0948-LP-045-7010 - Material Control Standard. 0941-LP-041-3010 - Submarine Safe

33、ty Design Review Procedure Manual, (Application for copies should be addressed to the Naval Publications and Forms Center, (ATTN: NPODS), 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19120-5099.) 2.2 Non-Government publications. The following document forms a part of this document to the extent specified her

34、ein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of the documents which are DOD adopted are those listed in the issue of the DODISS cited in the solicitation. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of documents not listed in the DODISS are the issues of the documents cited in the solicitation (see 6.2).

35、AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM) B 124 - Copper and Copper-Alloy Forging Rod, Bar and Shapes (DoD B 150 - Standard specification for Aluminum Bronze Rod, Bar, and B 169 - Aluminum Bronze Plate, Sheet, Strip and Rolled Bar (DoD B 283 - Copper and Copper-Alloy Die Forgings (Hot-Presse

36、d) (DoD adopted) Shapes. (DoD adopted) adopted) adopted) (Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.) (Non-Government standards and other publications are normally available from the organizations that prepa

37、re or distribute the documents. These documents also may be available in or through libraries or other informational services.) 2.3 Order of DreCedenCe. In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing i

38、n this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 Introduction. Certain technical terms used throughout this standard are defined below to familiarize the reader with terminology common to the subject covered The te

39、rms test and “ inspection“ are used interchangeably and refer to the performance of specific procedures and their associated evaluation criteria. 2 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-9999911 0477407 140 MIL-STD-2195A(SH) 17 December 1993

40、 3.3 Air null point. The air null point is the operating point of the eddy current system which has been balanced with the probe held in air such that it is unaffected by any conductive material. 3.4 Aluminum bronzehickel-aluminum bronze. Aluminum bronze/nickel- aluminum bronze are metallurgically c

41、omplex, copper-base alloys whose principal alloying elements include aluminum and iron (and nickel, in the case of nickel-aluminum bronze). Typical specifications covering aluminum bronze and nickel-aluminum bronze alloys are MIL-B-24480, QQ-C-390, QQ-C-450, ASTM B 150, and MIL-B-16166. 3.5 Cathode

42、ray tube (CRT)., CRT is the cathode ray tube or other X-Y storage monitor capable of displaying the eddy current instrument output phase and amplitude signals. 3.6 Dealloving. Dealloying is a seawater corrosion phenomenon in which one constituent of certain aluminum bronze/nickel-aluminum bronze all

43、oys is selectively attacked, often with no visible evidence on the metal surface. Dealloying may extend to a depth below the surface of the bronze, significantly reducing the strength and ductility of the component. Figure 1 and Figure 2 illustrate typical dealloyed metal appearance. 3.7 Eddy curren

44、ts. Eddy currents are circulating electrical currents induced in an isolated electrical conductor by an alternating magnetic field. 3.8 EQuiRment. Equipment is the general term used to include all nonconsumable hardware necessary to perform an inspection. 3.9 Government inspector. The Government ins

45、pector is a Government official, as defined in MIL-STD-271, who is charged with the responsibility for assuring that the materials, processes, fabrication technique and testing personnel meet specification and contractual requirements. 3.10 InsDection activity. Inspection activity is the organizatio

46、n performing dealloying inspections of U. S. Navy aluminum bronze/nickel aluminum bronze components to which this standard is applicable. Unless otherwise specified in the applicable contract or purchase order, the inspection activity shall be responsible for the quality of inspection results and th

47、e qualification and certification of personnel performing inspections. 3.11 Kilohertz (kHz). Kilohertz is a unit of frequency equal to one thousand cycles per second. 3.12 Lift-off. Lift-off is the change in output indication caused by a change in the magnetic coupling between the probe coil and the

48、 test object whenever the spacing between them is varied. 3.13 Machined Surface. A machined surface is any surface that has been planed or shaped by a surface finishing machine. 3.14 Magnetic - permeability. Magnetic permeability is a quantity related to the ease with which a magnetic flux can be es

49、tablished within a material. Numerically, magnetic permeability is expressed as AB/AH, the ratio of a change in flux density, B, to a change in the magnetizing force H. 3 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-._i W 99999bb 0477408 O87 = MIL-STD-2195A(SH) 17 December 1993 3.15 Material Point. Material point is the point on the CRT impedance plane display correspo