[考研类试卷]考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷450及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷 450 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so
2、 while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “offic
3、ial acts,“ or the former governors decisions on “specific“ and “unsettled“ issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting fa
4、vors in return for opening doors is “distasteful“ and “nasty.“ But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.“The court s ruling is legal
5、ly sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,“ wrote Chief Justice John Robert for the court, “assume
6、s that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.“But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information
7、 or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leaders sources
8、of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic societythat al
9、l are equal in treatment by governmentis undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.1 The underlined sentence(Para. 1)most probably shows that the
10、court(A)avoided defining the extent of McDonnell s duties.(B) made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.(C) was contemptuous of McDonnells conduct.(D)refused to comment on McDonnell s ethics.2 According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves(A)concrete returns for
11、gift-givers.(B) sizable gains in the form of gifts.(C) leaking secrets intentionally.(D)breaking contracts officially.3 The court s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are(A)allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.(B) qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic
12、 issues.(C) justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.(D)exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.4 Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to(A)awaken the conscience of officials.(B) guarantee fair play in official access.(C) allow for certain kinds of lobby
13、ing.(D)inspire hopes in average people.5 The author s attitude toward the court s ruling is(A)sarcastic.(B) tolerant.(C) skeptical.(D)supportive.5 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada , Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high f
14、ashion doesnt affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn t be more
15、 out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of “fast fashion“. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H her example can t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies
16、have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environmentincluding H people will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford not to.6 Priestly criticizes her assistant for her(A)poor bargaining skill.(B) insensitivity to fashion.(C) obsession with high fashion.(D)lack of ima
17、gination.7 According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to(A)combat unnecessary waste.(B) shut out the feverish fashion world.(C) resist the influence of advertisements.(D)shop for their garments more frequently.8 The word “indictment“(Para. 2)is closest in meaning to(A)accusation.(B) enthu
18、siasm.(C) indifference.(D)tolerance.9 Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?(A)Vanity has more often been found in idealists.(B) The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.(C) People are more interested in unaffordable garments.(D)Pricing is vital to environment-friend
19、ly purchasing.10 What is the subject of the text?(A)Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.(B) Challenge to a high-fashion myth.(C) Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.(D)Exposure of a mass-market secret.10 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion indust
20、ry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also a-greed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness“ by promoting extreme dieting.S
21、uch measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to deathas some have done. It tells the fashion industry
22、 that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And
23、 perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deepand b
24、one-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the Unite
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