[考研类试卷]考研英语（二）模拟试卷120及答案与解析.doc

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1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 120 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Seven years ago, when I was visiting Germany, I met with an official who explained to me that the country had a perfect solution t

2、o its economic problems. Watching the U.S. economy【C1】_ during the 90s, the Germans had decided that they, too, needed to go the high-technology【C2】_ . But how? In the late 90s, the answer seemed obvious: Indians.【C3】_ all, Indian entrepreneurs accounted for one of every three Silicon Valley start-u

3、ps. So the German government decided that it would【C4 】_ Indians to Germany just as America does: by【C5】_ green cards. Officials created something called the German Green Card and【C6】_ that they would issue 20 000 in the first year.【C7】_ , the Germans expected that tens of thousands more Indians wou

4、ld soon be begging to come, and perhaps the【C8】_ would have to be increased. But the program was a failure. A year later【C9】_ half of the 20 000 cards had been issued. After a few extensions, the program was【 C10】_.I told the German official at the time that I was sure the【C11】_ would fail. It s not

5、 that I had any particular expertise in immigration policy,【C12】_ I understood something about green cards, because I had one (the American【C13 】_ ). The German Green Card was misnamed, I argued,【C14】_ it never, under any circumstances, translated into German citizenship. The U.S. green card, by con

6、trast, is an almost【C15】_ path to becoming American (after five years and a clean record). The official【C16 】_ my objection, saying that there was no way Germany was going to offer these people citizenship. “We need young tech workers,“ he said. “That s what this program is all【C17】_.“ So Germany wa

7、s asking bright young【C18】_ to leave their country, culture and families, move thousands of miles away, learn a new language and work in a strange landbut without any【C19】_ of ever being part of their new home. Germany was sending a signal, one that was【C20】_ received in India and other countries, a

8、nd also by Germanys own immigrant community.1 【C1 】（A）soar（B） hover（C） amplify（D）intensify2 【C2 】（A）circuit（B） strategy（C） trait（D）route3 【C3 】（A）Of（B） After（C） In（D）At4 【C4 】（A）import（B） kidnap（C） convey（D）lure5 【C5 】（A）offering（B） installing（C） evacuating（D）formulating6 【C6 】（A）conferred（B） inferr

9、ed（C） announced（D）verified7 【C7 】（A）Specially（B） Naturally（C） Particularly（D）Consistently8 【C8 】（A）quotas（B） digits（C） measures（D）scales9 【C9 】（A）invariably（B） literally（C） barely（D）solely10 【C10 】（A）repelled（B） deleted（C） combated（D）abolished11 【C11 】（A）adventure（B） response（C） initiative（D）impulse

10、12 【C12 】（A）and（B） but（C） so（D）or13 【C13 】（A）heritage（B） revision（C） notion（D）version14 【C14 】（A）because（B） unless（C） if（D）while15 【C15 】（A）aggressive（B） automatic（C） vulnerable（D）voluntary16 【C16 】（A）overtook（B） fascinated（C） submitted（D）dismissed17 【C17 】（A）towards（B） round（C） about（D）over18 【C18

11、】（A）dwellers（B） citizens（C） professionals（D）amateurs19 【C19 】（A）prospect（B） suspicion（C） outcome（D）destination20 【C20 】（A）partially（B） clearly（C） brightly（D）vividlyPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Of all the

12、 changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty

13、 to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact tha

14、t their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylis

15、h arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore t

16、heir learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in j

17、ournalism, “ Newman wrote, “ that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are. “Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1

18、975,is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of Englands foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967,the first music critic to be so hon

19、ored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little

20、 use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21 It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that_.（A）arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers（B） English-language newspapers used to c

21、arry more arts reviews （C） high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers（D）young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies22 Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by_.（A）free themes（B） casual style（C） elaborate layout（D）radical viewpoints23 Which of

22、 the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?（A）It is writers duty to fulfill journalistic goals.（B） It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.（C） Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.（D）Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24 What can be learned abou

23、t Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?（A）His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.（B） His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.（C） His style caters largely to modern specialists.（D）His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25 What would be the best title f

24、or the text?（A）Newspapers of the Good Old Days.（B） The Lost Horizon in Newspapers.（C） Mournful Decline of Journalism.（D）Prominent Critics in Memory.25 Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods.A received one for its“ one-click“ online payment s

25、ystem. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nations top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 y

26、ears ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal“, says Dennis D.Crouch of the Universit

27、y of Missouri School of law. It“ has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.“Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving

28、a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to

29、 their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment

30、 films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard

31、by all 12 of the courts judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider“ its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope

32、of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions“ that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court“, says Harold C.Wegner, a patent attorney and prof

33、essor at George Washington University Law School.26 Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of_.（A）their limited value to business（B） their connection with asset allocation（C） the possible restriction on their granting（D）the controversy over authorization27 Which of the followi

34、ng is true of the Bilski case?（A）Its ruling complies with the court decisions.（B） It involves a very big business transaction.（C） It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.（D）It may change the legal practices in the U.S28 The word “about-face“ (Para 3) most probably means_.（A）loss of good will（B）

35、 increase of hostility（C） change of attitude（D）enhancement of dignity29 We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents_.（A）are immune to legal challenges（B） are often unnecessarily issued（C） lower the esteem for patent holders（D）increase the incidence of risks 30 Which of the fol

36、lowing would be the subject of the text?（A）A looming threat to business-method patents.（B） Protection for business-method patent holders.（C） A legal case regarding business-method patents.（D）A prevailing trend against business-method patents.30 In spite of “endless talk of difference,“ American soci

37、ety is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is“ the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference“ characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption“ launched by the 19th-century department stores that of

38、fered “ vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, “these were stores“ anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.“ The mass media, advertising and sports are other forc

39、es for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation

40、. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1990,13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990,3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890,9.2 for every 1 ,000.Now,consider three indices of assimilationlanguage, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990

41、Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English well or very well after ten years of residence. “The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in

42、 the majority of immigrant families.“ Hence the description of America as a“ graveyard“ for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanic

43、s“ have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.“ By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans o

44、f superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation s assimilative power.“Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of e

45、verything. But particularly when viewed against Americas turbulent past, todays social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.31 The word “homogenizing“ (Paragraph 1) most probably means_.（A）identifying（B） associating（C） assimilating（D）monopolizing32 According to the auth

46、or, the department stores of the 19th century_.（A）played a role in the spread of popular culture（B） became intimate shops for common consumers（C） satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite（D）owed its emergence to the culture of consumption33 The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S._.（A）ar

47、e resistant to homogenization（B） exert a great influence on American culture（C） are hardly a threat to the common culture（D）constitute the majority of the population34 Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?（A）To prove their popularity around the world.（B） To reveal

48、the publics fear of immigrants.（C） To give examples of successful immigrants.（D）To show the powerful influence of American culture.35 In the authors opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_.（A）rewarding（B） successful（C） fruitless（D）harmful35 Bankers have been blaming themselve

49、s for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else; the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and its just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks