GPA STD 1167-1983 Glossary Definition of Words and Terms Used in the Gas Processing Industry《天然气加工业中使用的词语和术语的定义》.pdf
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1、I w GPA PUBL*1167 83 W 3824699 O000018 T W I GPA Publication 11 67-83 GPA Glossary Definition of Words and Terms Used in the Gas Processing Industry Adopted as Tentative Standard, 1967 Reprinted 1972 Revised and Adopted as a Standard, 1977 Revised, 1983 Gas Processors Association 1812 First Place Tu
2、lsa, Oklahoma 74103 GPA PUBL*LLh7 83 m 3824699 OOOOOL9 L m GPA G I ossa ry Definition of Words and Terms Used in the Gas Processing Industry Preface The GAS PROCESSING INDUSTRY employs various words and phrases to describe and define its activities. These transactions are concerned with gas from the
3、 time it is separated from the effluent of an oil or gas well, a petroleum refining process, or a synthetic gas plant until the salable gaseous residue is delivered to a pipeline system. These activities include the movement of the gas and the separation of liquid and gaseous components from each ot
4、her. The separated components may be useful products or contaminants that must be removed to make the residue gas salable. Sulfur can be made if the produced gas contains hydrogen sulfide. The GAS PRDCESSING INDUSTRY is a segment of the 1s)rger Energy Industry. While many words and phrases are in co
5、mmon use throughout the industry, shades of meaning may differ in various sections of the Petroleum Industry. The definitions herein represent common usage in the GAS PROCESSING INDUSTRY and were developed principally by Technical Committee, Section C. In a lesser number of cases, a source of defini
6、tions was the “Glossary of Terms Used in Petroleum Refining published by the API. It is hoped that the definitions will be a source of information for those seeking knowledge of the terminology of the GAS PROCESSING INDUSTRY. The definitions as presented herein cannot take precedence over definition
7、s in contracts or other legal documents. While the GPA is publishing the Glossary, the GPA can take no responsibility for its use. The user of these definitions is responsible for the results of such use. NOTE: If words in common usage have not been defined, please advise GPA of such omission so tha
8、t definitions can be included in future editions of this publication. GPA PUBLPLLb7 83 m 382Lib O000020 8 m Definitions of Words and Terms Used in the Gas Processing Industry absorbent Refer to definition of “absorption oil.” absorber A tower or column that provides contact between natural gas being
9、 processed and absorption oil. absorber capacity The maximum standard cubic feet per day of natural gas that can be processed through an absorber at specified absorption oil rate, temperature, and pressure without exceeding pres- sure drop or other operating limitations. absorption The transfer of c
10、onstituents from natural gas to absorption oil. absorption factor A factor used in engineering calculations which expresses the propensity for a constituent in natural gas to be absorbed in absorption oil. This factor is generally found in the literature as A=WKV where L and V are the mols of liquid
11、 and.vapor respectively from a tray, or an average value for the section or total absorber. K is similarly the vapor-liquid equilibrium ratio for the particular component. absorption oil A hydrocarbon liquid used to absorb and recover components from the natural gas being processed. absorption plant
12、 A plant that processes natural gas with absorption oil. absorption-refrigeration cycle A mechanical refrigeration system in which the refrigerant is absorbed by a suitable liquid or solid. The most common system uses ammonia as the refrigerant and water as the absorbing medium. Refer to definition
13、of “compression refrigeration cycle.” absorption tower Refer to definition of absorber. accumulator A vessel used to facilitate the control of the flow of liquid or the separation of liquid from accompanying gas or vapor as the liquid flows through the plant for further processing. acid gas The hydr
14、ogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide contained in or extracted from gas or other streams. adiabatic expansion The expansion of a gas, vapor, or liquid stream from a higher pressure to a lower pressure in which the enthalpy of the stream does not change. adsorbent A solid substance used to remove compo
15、nents from natural gas being processed. adsorption Removal of certain components from a gas stream-including, but not limited to, one or more of the following: acid gases, water vapor, or heavier hydrocarbon vapors. These com- ponents are adsorbed on a bed of granular solids due to their molecular a
16、ttraction to the adsorbent surface. adsorption plant A plant that processes natural gas witfi an adsorbent. AGA (American Gas Association) A national trade association of the petroleum industry whose members are U.S. and Canadian distributors of natural, manufactured, and mixed gases. AGA provides i
17、nformation on sales, finances, utilization, and all phases of gas transmission and distribution. air-cooled exchanger (air-fin unit or aerial cooler) An atmospheric fin tube exchanger which utilizes air for cooling. Ambient air contacts the external fins by fan-forced or natural draft. allowable The
18、 maximum rate of production from an oil or gas well or group of wells that is allowed by a particular state or governing body. The rate is set by rules which vary among the various states or governing bodies. amine Any of several compounds such as, but not limited to, monoethanolamine, HOC2H4NH2, (M
19、EA), employed in treat- ing natural gas. The amines are generally used in water solutions to remove hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from gas and liquid streams. -1- GPA PUBLULL67 83 m 3824699 000002L T m API (American Petroleum Institute) A national trade association of the petroleum industry wh
20、ich is a standardizing organization for the drilling, producing, refining, transportation, and marketing segments of the industry. ash Non-combustible residue from the gasification or burning of coal or a heavy hydrocarbon. associated gas Natural gas, commonly known as gas-cap gas, which overlies an
21、d is in contact with crude oil in the reservoir. Where reservoir conditions are such that the production of as- sociated gas does not substantially affect the recovery of crude oil in the reservoir, such gas-may be reclassified as non- associated gas by a regulatory agency. ASTM (American Society fo
22、r Testing and Materials) A national organization which promotes knowledge of the materials of engineering and the standardization of specifi- cations and methods of testing. ASTM distillation Any distillation made in accordance with an ASTM pro- cedure. Generally it refers to a distillation test to
23、determine the initial boiling point, the temperature at which percentage fractionations of the sample are distilled, the final boiling point, and quantity of residue. (See ASTM method D-86.) atmospheric pressure The pressure exerted on the earth by the earths atmosphere. A pressure of 760 mm of merc
24、ury, 29.92 inches of mercury, or 14.696 psia is used as a standard for some measurements. The various state regulatory bodies have set other standards for use in measuring the legal volume of natural gas that is sold or processed. Atmospheric pressure may also refer to the absolute ambient pressure
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