EN ISO 294-5-2017 en Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5 Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy.pdf

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1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materialsPart 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy (ISO 294-5:2017)BS EN ISO 294-5:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPI

2、SCHE NORM EN ISO 294-5 December 2017 ICS 83.080.20 Supersedes EN ISO 294-5:2013English Version Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy (ISO 294-5:2017)Plastiques - Moulage par injection des pr

3、ouvettes de matriaux thermoplastiques - Partie 5: Prparation dprouvettes normalises pour dterminer lanisotropie (ISO 294-5:2017) Kunststoffe - Spritzgieen von Probekrpern aus Thermoplasten - Teil 5: Herstellung von Standardprobekrpern zur Ermittlung der Anisotropie (ISO 294-5:2017) This European Sta

4、ndard was approved by CEN on 27 October 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concernin

5、g such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into it

6、s own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germa

7、ny, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOM

8、ITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 294-5:2017 ENational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 294

9、5:2017. It is identical to ISO 2945:2017. It supersedes BS EN ISO 2945:2013, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/82, Thermoplastic materials.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secreta

10、ry.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 87684 4ICS 83.080.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot co

11、nfer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 2945:2017EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISC

12、HE NORM EN ISO 294-5 December 2017 ICS 83.080.20 Supersedes EN ISO 294-5:2013English Version Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy (ISO 294-5:2017)Plastiques - Moulage par injection des prou

13、vettes de matriaux thermoplastiques - Partie 5: Prparation dprouvettes normalises pour dterminer lanisotropie (ISO 294-5:2017) Kunststoffe - Spritzgieen von Probekrpern aus Thermoplasten - Teil 5: Herstellung von Standardprobekrpern zur Ermittlung der Anisotropie (ISO 294-5:2017) This European Stand

14、ard was approved by CEN on 27 October 2017. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning

15、such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its

16、own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany

17、, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMIT

18、EE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 294-5:2017 EBS EN ISO 2945:2017EN ISO 294-5:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN

19、ISO 294-5:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text o

20、r by endorsement, at the latest by June 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any

21、or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 294-5:2013. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmar

22、k, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsem

23、ent notice The text of ISO 294-5:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 294-5:2017 without any modification. BS EN ISO 2945:2017ISO 294-5:2017(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Apparatus . 24.1 Type F ISO mould 24.2 Injection-moulding machine

24、 . 45 Procedure. 45.1 Conditioning of material . 45.2 Injection moulding . 45.3 Preparation of test specimen 46 Report on test specimen preparation . 4Annex A (normative) Preparation of test specimens 6Bibliography 7 ISO 2017 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 2945:2017ISO 294-5:2017(E)Fo

25、rewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a tech

26、nical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

27、 electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document

28、was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pa

29、tent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

30、 constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT

31、) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 9, Thermoplastic materials.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 294-5:2011), which has been technically revised. The main changes c

32、ompared to the previous edition are as follows: the size of the plate has been changed from 80 mm 90 mm 2 mm to 80 mm 90 mm 2 mm, preferably 80 mm 120 mm 2 mm; the maximum mould-locking force in 4.2 has been recalculated.A list of all parts in the ISO 294 series can be found on the ISO website.iv IS

33、O 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 2945:2017ISO 294-5:2017(E)IntroductionReinforced and self-reinforcing injection-mouldable thermoplastics are used in a wide variety of applications, some of which can be safety-related. During the injection-moulding process, reinforcement fibres can preferentially

34、 align with the flow of the molten material and not across the flow direction. This preferential alignment causes an imbalance in the properties of the moulded thermoplastic so that, in the flow direction, the alignment of the reinforcing fibres causes a higher strength and stiffness than in the cro

35、ss direction with fewer aligned fibres. This difference in properties is termed anisotropy and it may result in an injection-moulded component having less than the desired or designed strength. To aid designers in understanding the potential strength of an injection-moulded component, it is desirabl

36、e to know about the anisotropy of an injection-moulded component.During the development of this document, it was found that injection-moulded test specimens do not exhibit the same fibre alignment across their thickness, but that the outer layers have fibres preferentially aligned in the mould filli

37、ng direction while the core has randomly oriented fibres (i.e. no preferential alignment). The ratio of the cross-sectional area of aligned-fibre orientation (i.e. “skin” layer thickness) to that of random-fibre orientation (i.e. “core” thickness) is affected by the specimen thickness and the mould

38、filling rate, i.e. the average injection velocity. Thicker specimens exhibit a lower proportion of aligned fibres than do thinner specimens. Slower mould fill speeds lead to thicker “skin” layers with aligned fibres. As a result, to obtain meaningful data on a particular design of moulding, an inves

39、tigator should prepare specimens with the maximum anisotropic properties, as this data will best represent the upper and lower bounds of a composite structure. Since the specimen thickness and injection velocity have a significant influence on the final anisotropy, this document should only be used

40、for determining information that is useful in designing mouldings and not as a quality control test for the plastic material itself.A survey of more than 10 raw material suppliers worldwide carried out from 2010 to 2013 clearly indicated that the preparation of plates which provide a suitable degree

41、 of anisotropy requires plates with non-square shape to ensure a fibre orientation in flow direction. Under the conditions of this study, the highest degree of anisotropy was obtained using a plate with dimensions 120 mm 80 mm 2 mm. It can be considered that plates longer than 120 mm will show at le

42、ast as good results. Square plates (e.g. 80 mm 80 mm 2 mm or even 150 mm 150 mm 2 mm) resulted in problems sometimes independent of the size. Within this study, the plate with size 90 mm 80 mm 2 mm as required in the previous edition of this document did not perform well in any case. ISO 2017 All ri

43、ghts reserved vBS EN ISO 2945:2017Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy1 ScopeThis document specifies a mould (designated the type F ISO mould) for the injection moulding of plates with a prefer

44、red size of 80 mm 120 mm and a minimum size of 80 mm 90 mm and with a preferred thickness of 2 mm for single-point and multi-point data acquisition. It has been found to provide the maximum anisotropic properties, with only a slight sensitivity to the rate of injection. Whenever possible, a two cavi

45、ty mould is intended to be used. For the design of plastic parts, this will provide upper and lower bounds for the tensile properties. Matching the plate thickness to a given part thickness is not a suitable criterion because of the effect of mould filling rate and part geometry on anisotropy. Inves

46、tigation of the anisotropy of materials is a special procedure intended to provide guidance in the design of mouldings for end-use applications and is not intended as a quality control tool.In the injection moulding of thermoplastic materials, the flow of molten polymer can influence the orientation

47、 of fillers such as fibreglass or the orientation of polymer chains, resulting in anisotropic behaviour.For the purposes of this document, the flow direction is defined as the direction from the gate to the far end of the mould cavity and the cross direction as the direction perpendicular to the flo

48、w direction.The type F mould is not intended to replace the type D mould used to determine the moulding shrinkage of thermoplastics.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For

49、 dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 294-1:2017, Plastics Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials Part 1: General principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimensISO 20753, Plastics Test specimen3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 294-1 apply.ISO and IEC maintain termi