EN 13145-2001 en Railway applications - Track - Wood sleepers and bearers (Incorporates Amendment A1 2011)《铁路设施 铁轨 枕木和垫块》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 13145:2001Railway applications Track Wood sleepers and bearersICS 79.040; 93.100NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW+A1:2011National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13145:2001+A1:2011. It supersedes BS EN 13145:2001

2、, which is withdrawn.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is in-dicated in the text by tags. Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“.The UK participation in its preparation

3、was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct ap

4、plication.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and comes into effect o

5、n15 March 2001 BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 74552 2Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments30 November 2011 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13145:2001+A1 October 2011 ICS 79.040; 93.100 Supersedes EN 13145:2001English Version R

6、ailway applications - Track - Wood sleepers and bearers Applications ferroviaires - Voie - Traverses et supports en bois Bahnanwendungen - Oberbau - Gleis- und Weichenschwellen aus Holz This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 December 2000 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 6 Septem

7、ber 2011.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obta

8、ined on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CE

9、N-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,

10、 Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of

11、exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13145:2001+A1:2011: EEN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Species .95 Forms, dimensions and tolerances .95.1 Forms 95.1.1 Sle

12、epers 95.1.2 Bearers . 105.2 Dimensions 105.3 Tolerances . 106 Defects and quality features 116.1 Raw materials 116.2 Untreated sleepers and bearers 117 Durability and preservation . 147.1 Durability . 147.2 Preservation 157.2.1 Sleepers and bearers . 157.2.2 Wood preservative 157.2.3 Penetration 15

13、7.2.4 Retention . 158 Factory production control 169 Marking 16Annex A (informative) Most commonly used dimensions for sleepers and bearers 17Annex ZA (informative) !Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC“ 19BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011EN 13

14、145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13145:2001+A1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical te

15、xt or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2012. !This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential

16、requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.“ This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2011-09-06. This document supersedes EN 13145:2001. The start and finish of text intro

17、duced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! “. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the C

18、EN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, L

19、ithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard defines wood species, quality requirements, origin, manufacturing conditi

20、ons, forms, dimensions and tolerances as well as the durability and preservation of wood sleepers and bearers for use in railway tracks. It does not cover specific finishing processes that may be required by the customer. It does not apply to other track timbers. 2 Normative references This European

21、 Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications app

22、ly to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 252 Field test method for determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative in ground

23、 contact EN 335-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Definition of hazard classes of biological attack - Part 1: General EN 350-2 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Natural durability of solid wood - Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of

24、 importance in Europe EN 351-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Preservative-treated solid wood - Part 1: Classification of preservative penetration and retention EN 599-1 Durability of wood and wood-based products - Performance of wood preservatives as determined by biological tests - P

25、art 1: Specification according to hazard class EN 844-3:1995 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 3: General terms relating to sawn timber EN 844-7:1997 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 7: Terms relating to the anatomical structure of timber EN 844-9:1997 Round and sawn timber - Term

26、inology - Part 9: Terms relating to features of sawn timber EN 844-10:1998 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 10: Terms relating to stain and fungal attack EN 844-11:1998 Round and sawn timber - Terminology - Part 11: Terms relating to degrade by insects 3 Terms and definitions For the purpo

27、ses of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 wood sleeper wood beam which supports running rails, check rails and where appropriate conductor rails at right angles to its axis. Usually the beam supports two running rails to form one track 3.2 wood bearer wood beam, similar to

28、 a sleeper but generally longer, used to support running rails, check rails and where appropriate conductor rails, crossings and operating mechanisms in switches and crossings BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 5 3.3 heartwood inner zone of wood that, in the growing tree, has ceased t

29、o contain living cells or to conduct sap EN 844-7:1997 3.4 sapwood outer zone of wood that, in the growing tree, contains living cells and conducts sap EN 844-7:1997 3.5 included sapwood presence in the heartwood of a complete or incomplete ring having the colour and the properties of sapwood EN 844

30、-9:1997 3.6 red heart in beech red or brown stain affecting the central portion of beech wood, sharply defined EN 844-10:1998 3.7 grey, purple heart grey or purple discoloration of the heartwood due to fungal attack 3.8 grain general direction or arrangement of fibres EN 844-7:1997 3.9 edge grain ti

31、mber converted so that the growth rings meet the upper face of the sleeper or bearer at an angle greater than 45 when measured at the centre of the upper face (see figure 1) Figure 1 - Edge grain The line a-b is a tangent to the growth ring where it meets the upper face of the sleeper or bearer. The

32、 angle is measured at c 3.10 annual ring growth ring corresponding to an annual period of growth EN 844-7:1997 3.11 wane original rounded surface of a log, with or without bark, on any face or edge of sawn timber (see figure 2) EN 844-3:1995 abcBS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 6 Fig

33、ure 2 - Wane 3.12 chairing area for sleepers, the chairing area is the area on the upper surface covering a length of 250 mm on both sides of the centre of each rail to be mounted For bearers, the chairing area covers the whole length with the exception of 250 mm at each end. 3.13 rot decomposition

34、of wood by fungi or other micro-organisms resulting in softening, progressive loss of mass and strength, and often a change of texture and colour EN 844-10:1998 3.14 knot portion of a branch embedded in the wood EN 844-9:1997 3.15 sound knot knot showing no indication of rot EN 844-9:1997 3.16 inter

35、grown knot knot that, on the surface considered, is intergrown with the surrounding wood for more than 3/4 of its cross-sectional perimeter EN 844-9:1997 3.17 dead knot knot that, on the surface considered, is intergrown with the surrounding wood for less than 1/4 of its cross sectional perimeter EN

36、 844-9:1997 3.18 loose knot dead knot that is not held firmly in place EN 844-9:1997 3.19 unsound knot knot affected by rot EN 844-9:1997 3.20 indent recess caused by mechanical removal of an unsound knot down to the sound part of the timber 3.21 bark pocket bark that is partly or wholly enclosed in

37、 the wood EN 844-9:1997 BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 7 3.22 fissure longitudinal separation of fibres EN 844-9:1997 3.23 split fissure that extends from one surface to another EN 844-9:1997 3.24 frost crack radial fissure caused by frost action on the standing tree that extends

38、from the sapwood to the pith and for a certain distance longitudinally EN 844-9:1997 NOTE: Frost crack is accompanied by darkening of the adjacent wood and deviation of the annual rings. 3.25 check short, narrow and shallow fissure EN 844-9:1997 NOTE: Caused by drying. 3.26 end shake fissure showing

39、 on the end surface EN 844-9:1997 NOTE: For sawn timber, possibly extending to a face or edge. 3.27 heart shake radial end shake originating at the pith EN 844-9:1997 3.28 ring shake fissure following the line of a growth ring EN 844-9:1997 3.29 spring lengthwise curvature of a piece of timber norma

40、l to the edge (see figure 3) EN 844-3:1995 top view Figure 3 - Spring BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 8 3.30 bow lengthwise curvature of a piece of timber normal to the face (see figure 4) EN 844-3:1995 side view Figure 4 - Bow 3.31 cup curvature of a piece of timber across the wid

41、th of the face (see figure 5) EN 844-3:1995 Figure 5 - Cup 3.32 twist lengthwise spiral distortion of a piece of timber (see figure 6) EN 844-3:1995 Figure 6 - Twist 3.33 resin pocket lens-shaped cavity in timber containing, or that has contained, a resin EN 844-9:1997 3.34 gum vein vein in timber c

42、ontaining, or that has contained, a resinous substance 3.35 bore hole hole or tunnel in timber caused by insects EN 844-11:1998 3.36 pith zone within the first growth ring that consists chiefly of soft tissue EN 844-7:1997 3.37 creosote oil distilled from coal tar 3.38 tropical hardwood hardwood gro

43、wn in the tropics and all other southern hemisphere forests BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 9 4 Species The requirements of this European Standard relate to the following recommended wood species (see table 1). Table 1 - List of wood species Botanical name Common name (for guidance

44、 only) European hardwoods Quercus robur Quercus petraea Quercus pubescens European oak Fagus sylvatica Beech European softwoods Pinus sylvestris Scots pine Pinus pinaster (Pinus maritima) Maritime pine Pinus pinea Stone pine Pinus nigra Corsican/Austrian pine Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir Larix

45、Sp.1)LarchTropical hardwoods Lophira alata Azob, Ekki, Bongossi Shorea laevis, Shorea sp. div.1)Bangkirai, Selangan Batu, Balau kumus Dicorynia guianensis Basralocus Eucalyptus marginata Jarrah Eucalyptus diversicolor Karri Ocotea rodiaei, Lauraceae family Greenheart Mora Excelsa Mora 1) Different s

46、pecies of a kind 5 Forms, dimensions and tolerances 5.1 Forms 5.1.1 Sleepers Sleepers shall have a nominally rectangular cross section in one of the forms as shown in figure 7. The customer shall specify which form he accepts. BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011EN 13145:2001+A1:2011 (E) 10 d dlForm E1lForm E2e

47、er rFigure 7 - Forms for sleepers 5.1.2 Bearers Bearers shall have a nominally rectangular cross section in the form as shown in figure 8. erdl Figure 8 - Form for bearers 5.2 Dimensions When ordering, the customer shall define dimensions l, e and d (see figures 7 and 8) effectively needed, as well

48、as the length. These dimensions shall apply to sleepers and bearers ready for use or preservative treatment. NOTE: A list of the dimensions most commonly used can be found in informative annex A. 5.3 Tolerances The following tolerances shall apply to all sleepers and bearers ready for use and/or pre

49、servative treatment: - length: + 30 mm; - width: + 10 mm/-3 mm; - height: + 10 mm/- 3 mm; - rectangular cross section 90: max. deviation 3. NOTE: The length tolerance is conditional on both ends being cross cut at right angles to the length of the sleeper or bearer. Any deviating tolerances for sleepers or bearers which are to be installed on special, well established conditions, shall be defined by the customer. BS EN 13145:2001+A1:2011EN 13145:2001+A1:2011