EN 12371-2010 en Natural stone test methods - Determination of frost resistance《天然石料试验方法 抗冻性》.pdf

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1、BS EN 12371:2010ICS 73.020; 91.100.15NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDNatural stonetest methods Determination of frostresistanceThis British Standardwas published under theauthority of the StandardsPolicy and StrategyCommittee on 30 June2010 BSI 2

2、010ISBN 978 0 580 58535 7Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 12371:2010National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 12371:2010. Itsupersedes BS EN 12371:2001 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCom

3、mittee B/545, Natural stone.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard ca

4、nnot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.BS EN 12371:2010EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12371 March 2010 ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 Supersedes EN 12371:2001English Version Natural stone test methods - Determination of frost resistance Mthodes dessai pour pierres naturelles - Dterm

5、ination de la rsistance au gel Prfverfahren fr Naturstein - Bestimmung des Frostwiderstandes This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 February 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the

6、status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German

7、). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,

8、Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT

9、EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12371:2010: EBS EN 12371:2010EN 12371:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Forewo

10、rd 31 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Principle 54 Symbols 55 Apparatus .66 Preparation of the specimens 66.1 Sampling .66.2 Size of specimens 76.2.1 Technological test (Test A) .76.2.2 Identification test (Test B) .76.2.3 Putting reference marks on the specimens 76.3 Monitoring core temperature 76

11、.4 Drying the specimens .86.5 Immersion of the specimens 86.6 Determination of the apparent volume 86.7 Number of cycles .86.7.1 Technological test (Test A) .86.7.2 Identification test (Test B) .87 Test procedure .87.1 Arrangement of the specimens in the freezing tank 87.2 Description of the freezin

12、g and thawing cycles .97.3 Control measurements to determine the freeze/thaw resistance .97.3.1 Technological test (Test A) .97.3.2 Identification test (Test B) 108 Expression of the results . 118.1 Technological test (Test A) 118.2 Identification test (Test B) 119 Test report . 12Annex A (informati

13、ve) Test cycles 13Bibliography . 15BS EN 12371:2010EN 12371:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12371:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either

14、 by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2010. This document supersedes EN 12371:2001. This European Standard is one of the series of standards for tests on natural stone.

15、 Test methods for natural stone consist of the following European Standards: EN 1925 Natural stone test methods Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity EN 1926 Natural stone test methods Determination of uniaxial compressive strength EN 1936 Natural stone test methods Determinat

16、ion of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity. EN 12370 Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to salt crystallisation EN 12372 Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load EN 12407 Natural stone test methods Petrogr

17、aphic examination EN 13161 Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under constant moment EN 13364 Natural stone test methods Determination of the breaking load at dowel hole EN 13373 Natural stone test methods Determination of geometric characteristics on units EN 13755 Natural

18、 stone test methods Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure EN 14066 Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock EN 14146 Natural stone test methods Determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (by measuring the fundamental resonance freq

19、uency) EN 14147 Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to ageing by salt mist EN 14157 Natural stone test methods Determination of the abrasion resistance EN 14158 Natural stone test methods Determination of rupture energy EN 14205 Natural stone test methods Determination of Knoop ha

20、rdness EN 14231 Natural stone test methods Determination of the slip resistance by means of the pendulum tester EN 14579 Natural stone test methods Determination of sound speed propagation EN 14580 Natural stone test methods Determination of static elastic modulus EN 14581 Natural stone test methods

21、 Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient It is intended that other ENs should call up this European Standard as the basis of evaluation of conformity. BS EN 12371:2010EN 12371:2010 (E) 4 NOTE It is not intended that all natural stones products should be subjected regularly to all the l

22、isted tests. Specifications in other standards should call up only relevant test methods. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Cze

23、ch Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 12371:2010EN 12371:2010 (E) 5 1 Scope This

24、 European Standard specifies a method to assess the effect of freeze/thaw cycles on natural stones (see EN 12670 for terminology, and EN 12440 for denomination). The standard contains provision for both a shorter technological test (Test A) to assess the effect of freeze/thaw cycles on the relevant

25、performance characteristics and an identification test (Test B). NOTE Some marbles, as defined in EN 12440, undergo changes in physical properties as a result of the test conditions rather than the freeze/thaw cycles. In these cases, additional tests (for example EN 14066) should be applied. 2 Norma

26、tive references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1926, Natural stone test metho

27、ds Determination of uniaxial compressive strength EN 12372, Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load EN 13161, Natural stone test methods Determination of flexural strength under constant moment EN 13364, Natural stone test methods Determination of the br

28、eaking load at dowel hole EN 14066, Natural stone test methods Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock EN 14146, Natural stone test methods Determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (by measuring the fundamental resonance frequency 3 Principle The frost resistance of natural

29、stone units is determined by a test comprising cycles of freezing in air and thawing in water. 4 Symbols Md0mass of the dry specimen before immersion in water and before starting the cycles, in grams Ms0mass of the saturated specimen after immersion in water and before starting the cycles, in grams

30、Mh0apparent mass of the specimen in water before starting the cycles, in grams Mdnmass of the dry specimen at Nc cycles, in grams Msnmass of the saturated specimen at Nc cycles, in grams Mhnapparent mass of the specimen in water at n cycles, in grams Vb0apparent volume of the specimen before freezin

31、g, in millilitres Vbnapparent volume of the specimen at Nc cycles, in millilitres BS EN 12371:2010EN 12371:2010 (E) 6 Vbchange in apparent volume of the specimen, as a percentage E0dynamic elastic modulus of the dry specimen before freezing, in Megapascals Endynamic elastic modulus of the dry specim

32、en at n cycles, in Megapascals E change in dynamic elastic modulus, as a percentage Nc number of cycles completed before failure for identification test 5 Apparatus 5.1 A freezing tank of sufficient capacity to hold the required number of specimens, possibly with an automatic control system to progr

33、amme the freezing and thawing cycles within the chamber with a tolerance of 2,0 C. NOTE The tests can be executed manually if no suitable automated system is available. 5.2 A temperature recording system capable of measuring temperature to + 0,1 C. 5.3 A device for measuring dynamic elastic modulus

34、in accordance with EN 14146. 5.4 A weighing instrument with an accuracy of at least 0,01 % of the mass to be weighed. 5.5 A ventilated oven capable of maintaining a temperature of (70 5) C. 6 Preparation of the specimens 6.1 Sampling The sampling is not the responsibility of the test laboratory exce

35、pt where specially requested. For technological tests the number of specimens shall be in accordance with the appropriate standard (see also Table 1). Two sets of specimens are required, one to be tested after being subjected to the freeze/thaw cycles, the other to be tested without freeze/thaw cycl

36、ing. Each set shall be randomly selected from the body of stone to be tested. In addition, one extra specimen is used to monitor the temperature of the specimens. For an identification test, seven specimens, which are considered representative of the body of stone being tested, shall be selected. Us

37、e one of the seven specimen to monitor the core temperature. BS EN 12371:2010EN 12371:2010 (E) 7 Table 1 Summary of the application of the freeze/thaw test Technological test (Test A) Identification test (Test B) Flexural strength Compressive strength Specimen size in mm 50 50 300 (see Note 1 and 3)

38、 (see Note 2) 50 50 300 (see Note 3) Minimum number of specimens 21 21 7 NOTE 1 Specimen size according to EN 12372 or EN 13161. NOTE 2 Specimen size according to EN 1926. NOTE 3 For specific stones with tendency to split (shale, phyllite, ), the thickness can be reduced to the thickness of use with

39、 a minimum of 13 mm. If the thickness is less than the minimum thickness required in EN12372 or EN 13161, the span for testing the flexural strength should be equal to (180 1) mm6.2 Size of specimens 6.2.1 Technological test (Test A) Where the test is carried out to determine the effect of freeze/th

40、aw cycles on performance characteristics the specimens shall be in accordance with the appropriate standard. The appropriate standards are EN 12372 or EN 13161 for flexural strength, EN 13364 for breaking load at a dowel hole, EN 14066 for resistance to thermal shock, and EN 1926 for compressive str

41、ength. 6.2.2 Identification test (Test B) The specimens are in the form of rectangular prisms with dimensions of 50 mm 50 mm 300 mm (except for Note 3 in Table 1). The long axis shall be parallel to the anisotropy planes. 6.2.3 Putting reference marks on the specimens Initial defects and all irregul

42、arities have to be marked with indelible marks on the specimens. To ensure that the various dynamic elastic modulus measurements performed before and after the freeze/thaw cycles are done at the same points on the specimens, make indelible marks, in the form of points, on the relevant faces of the s

43、pecimens. Trace an indelible line at the point of the axis of the two supports on which the specimens will be placed during the determination of the dynamic elastic modulus (in flexural mode). 6.3 Monitoring core temperature One specimen shall be fitted with a device (for example a thermocouple) to

44、measure the temperature of the specimen during freezing and thawing cycles. The device shall be placed in a hole that is drilled parallel to the long axis of the specimen. The diameter of this hole has to be appropriate to the diameter of the device. The centre of the hole shall be equidistant from

45、the edges of the specimen to a minimum depth of 50 mm from the top. If cubes are being used, the hole shall be (25 5) mm deep. The device shall be placed in the hole which is then sealed to avoid water penetration. BS EN 12371:2010EN 12371:2010 (E) 8 If several sets of specimen are tested at the sam

46、e time in the freezing tank, it is allowed to use only one specimen for the monitoring of the core temperature providing that its porosity is equal to or lower than the one of the tested specimen. 6.4 Drying the specimens The specimens are dried at a temperature of (70 5) C to constant mass. This is

47、 assumed to have been attained when the difference between two weighings at an interval of (24 2) h is not greater than 0,1 % of the first of these two masses. The measurement of the dry specimens is the initial value Md0. If the specimens are to be used for an identification test, the measurements

48、of the modulus of elasticity shall be according to EN 14146. The measurement taken at this point is regarded as the initial value, E0. 6.5 Immersion of the specimens Place the specimens upright in a container at least 15 mm from adjacent specimens. Then add tap water at (20 10) C up to half the heig

49、ht of the specimens (time t0). At time t0 + (60 5) min add tap water until the level of the water reaches three-quarters of the height of the specimens. At time t0+ (120 5) min add tap water until the specimens are completely immersed under (25 5) mm of water. The specimens then need to be left completely immersed for (48 2) h. 6.6 Determination of the apparent volume If the specimens are to be used for an identification