ECMA 341-2010 Environmental Design Considerations for ICT & CE Products (4th Edition)《ICT和CE产品环境设计考量(第4版)》.pdf

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1、 Reference numberECMA-341:2010Ecma International 2010ECMA-341 4thEdition / December 2010 Environmental Design Considerations for ICT they may be short-term or long-term; and they may occur at the local, regional or global level (or a combination thereof). The interest of customers, users, developers

2、 and other stakeholders in environmental aspects and effects of products is increasing. Anticipating or identifying the environmental aspects of a product throughout its life cycle may be complex. The environmental aspects of a product have to be balanced against other factors, such as its intended

3、use, performance, safety and health, cost, marketability, quality and regulatory requirements. It is important to consider the product functionality within the context of the system where it will be used. The process of integrating environmental aspects into product design and development has to be

4、continuous and flexible, promoting creativity and maximizing innovation and opportunities for environmental improvement. Environmental issues should be addressed in the policies and strategies of the organization involved. Early identification and planning enable organizations to make effective deci

5、sions about environmental aspects that they control. This provides a better understanding of how their decisions will affect environmental aspects controlled by others for example, at the raw-material and parts acquisition or end of life stages. The purpose of this document is to help designers of p

6、roducts in the field of audio/video, information technology and communication technology to appropriately manage related environmental issues within the design process. The vertical standard IEC 62075 is the implementation of the horizontal standard of Environmental Conscious Design as given in IEC

7、62430. Therefore consider this standard to be covering this accordingly. History The basic work on this sector specific environmental conscious design standard started in Ecma TC38 in 2002 where experts from a group of ICT and CE companies developed the basic concept considering engineering best pra

8、ctices as well as market and regulatory environmental product requirements as well as later the first edition of IEC Guide 114 (2005). The main motivation has been to develop a practical help for designers to identify the relevant aspects for an environmental conscious design. The result of that wor

9、k was ECMA-341. In 2005, IEC TC108 PT62075 developed IEC 62075 based on ECMA-341 2ndedition from Ecma TC38 and drafts of the to be published horizontal standard IEC 62430. IEC published the first edition of IEC 62075 in 2008. This edition of ECMA-341 implements the recognised editorial changes ident

10、ified in the 3rdedition and adds further new definitions and issues to its structure. This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the General Assembly of December 2010. vi Ecma International 2010“DISCLAIMER This document and possible translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivativ

11、e works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published, and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this section are included on all such copies and derivative works. H

12、owever, this document itself may not be modified in any way, including by removing the copyright notice or references to Ecma International, except as needed for the purpose of developing any document or deliverable produced by Ecma International (in which case the rules applied to copyrights must b

13、e followed) or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by Ecma International or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an “AS IS“ basis and ECMA IN

14、TERNATIONAL DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY OWNERSHIP RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.“ Environmental Design Considerations for

15、 ICT and - complete a design checklist for the product (or for a given family of products). Ecma International 2010 13 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated ref

16、erences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ECMA-74, Measurement of Airborne Noise Emitted by Information Technology and Telecommunications Equipment (ISO 7779) ECMA-109, Declared Noise Emission Values of Information Technology and Telecommunications Eq

17、uipment (ISO 9296) ECMA-370, TED THE ECO DECLARATION ISO 3741, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure Precision methods for reverberation rooms ISO 3744, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure Engineering metho

18、d in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane ISO 3745, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure Precision methods for anechoic and hemi-anechoic rooms ISO 7779, Acoustics Measurement of airborne noise emitted by information technology and telecomm

19、unications equipment ISO 9296, Acoustics Declared noise emission values of computer and business equipment ISO 11201, Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipment Measurement of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions Engineering method in an essential

20、ly free field over a reflecting plane ISO 11469, Plastics Generic identification and marking of plastics products ISO/IEC 28360:2007, Information technology - Office equipment - Determination of chemical emission rates from electronic equipment (ECMA-328) 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of

21、this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 chemical emissions chemical substances and particulate matter emitted from a product into the air 4.2 consumable user-replaceable part or piece of equipment that manufacturers place on the market for direct sale for use in equipment IEC G

22、uide 114 NOTE Consumables include, for example, printer cartridges and photographic film, and not parts required for repairs or product upgrades. 2 Ecma International 20104.3 designer persons responsible for the design and development of a product under the supervision of the manufacturer NOTE See 4

23、.12 for context with manufacturer. 4.4 end of life life cycle stage of a product starting when it is removed from a use stage 4.5 energy efficiency and energy use rational use of energy to achieve an intended application performance More technically, it is the minimum quantity of energy required to

24、deliver a functional output from a device. The energy used by a product from the mains power source over a given period of time is measured in kWh. NOTE A more precise definition is not applicable in this context as the output performance largely depends on the specific device. EXAMPLE For power sup

25、plies the energy efficiency is defined as the percentage of output power per input power. 4.6 environment surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation ISO 14001:2004, definition 3.5 4.7 environmental aspec

26、t element of an organizations activities, products or services that can interact with the environment ISO 14001:2004, definition 3.6 NOTE A significant environmental aspect is one that has or can have a significant environmental impact (ISO 14001:2004, definition 3.7). 4.8 environmental impact any c

27、hange to the environment whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organizations environmental aspects ISO 14001:2004, definition 3.7 4.9 environmental management system part of the overall management system that includes organizational structure, planning activities, resp

28、onsibilities, practices, procedure, processes, and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy ISO 14001:2004, definition 3.8, modified 4.10 hazardous substances and preparations substance or preparation that can adversely impact the environm

29、ent with immediate or retarded effect IEC Guide 109:2003, definition 3.6, modified Ecma International 2010 34.11 life cycle consecutive and interlinked stages of a product, from raw material acquisition or generation of natural resources to the final disposal ISO 14040:2006, definition 3.1 4.12 manu

30、facturer organization responsible for the design, development and manufacture of a product in view of its being placed on the market, regardless of whether these operations are carried out by that organization itself or on its behalf 4.13 module assembly of parts of a product with a function in itse

31、lf (for example, a power supply) including those separately put on the market as a product 4.14 organization company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private, that has its own functions and administration

32、 ISO 9001:2008, definition 3.16 4.15 part any piece or object of, or included with, a product 4.16 preparations mixtures or solutions composed of two or more substances EXAMPLE Tin is a substance and solder is a preparation (an alloy) that may contain tin. 4.17 product audio/video, information and c

33、ommunication technology equipment 4.18 recycling reprocessing of products, modules or parts thereof for reuse or other purposes during their end of life stage 4.19 renewable material organic material not based upon fossil carbon sources 4.20 reuse recycling of products, modules or parts by entering

34、in a subsequent product use stage 4.21 skilled person person with relevant education or experience to enable him or her to avoid dangers and to reduce the likelihood of risks that may be created by the equipment IEV 826-18-01, modified 4 Ecma International 20104.22 substance matter with an individua

35、l molecular identity 4.23 upgrading process to enhance the functionality or capacity of a product 4.24 use stage period of the products life from placing it into service until it enters its end of life stage 5 Life Cycle Thinking Environmentally conscious design (ECD) shall be based on the concept o

36、f life cycle thinking (LCT), which requires consideration during the design and development process of the significant environmental aspects of a product in all life cycle stages. Key elements of life cycle thinking are: a) having an objective to minimize the overall adverse environmental impact of

37、the product; b) identifying, qualifying and where feasible, quantifying the significant environmental aspects of the product; c) considering the trade-offs between environmental aspects and life cycle stages. The above shall be initiated as early as possible in the design and development process, wh

38、en most opportunities exist to make changes and improvements to the product affecting its overall environmental performance throughout its life cycle. NOTE 1 As a first step in LCT, the intended function of the product should be determined. In subsequent design and development stages the influence o

39、f any applied business model should be recognized. NOTE 2 The life cycle stages of any product under control of the organization usually include the processing of materials, manufacturing, distribution, use, maintenance, and end of life management (including reuse, recycling, recovery and final disp

40、osal). NOTE 3 When a product is part of a system, the environmental performance of one product during one or more life cycle stages can be altered by other products in that system. NOTE 4 ECD requires collaboration and contributions of all stakeholders along the supply chain. 6 Design requirements a

41、nd recommendations 6.1 General considerations The following requirements have been compiled for use when designing and developing products as defined in the scope of this Standard, as far as they can be practically influenced by the designer. The designer shall identify the latest environmental rela

42、ted legal and market requirements (from customers, government, environmental groups, industrial associations, etc.); should do benchmarking addressing the comparison of energy efficiency, material efficiency, and the use of hazardous substances or preparations; Ecma International 2010 5 should gathe

43、r and evaluate experience from the subsequent manufacturing, sales, product usage, maintenance and disposal stages, to continually improve the process of environmentally conscious product design. The entire environmental performance of the product should be evaluated, while the considerations should

44、 give priority to those factors that can be substantially influenced through product design and are identified as major environmental impacts (for example, very often energy consumption). The evaluation should take into consideration the functions and normal usage of the product as well as the techn

45、ical and economical feasibility. As a minimum, the designer shall document decisions by some means, such as by maintaining a design checklist covering environmental aspects (an example for such a checklist is provided in Annex A). This Standard requires certain product environmental characteristics

46、to be made available in a form the manufacturer deems appropriate. Further applicable information may be made available in an environmental product declaration (for example, ECMA-370). 6.2 Material efficiency Material selection has an impact on the environment. When specifying materials, the designe

47、r should consider design alternatives that: reduce the variety of materials used; reduce the amount of material used and consequently the weight of the product; use materials that are considered to have lower adverse environmental impact; seek to use materials that can be easily recycled. Material-r

48、elated end of life aspects are covered in 6.7. For replacing materials containing hazardous substances and preparations, see 6.8. 6.3 Energy efficiency 6.3.1 General To focus efforts on increasing energy efficiency, the designer shall be aware in which stage of the product life cycle the product wil

49、l consume the most energy. The intended use patterns of the product, including where relevant its typical system interactions, shall be considered. Where possible, the organization should strive for improving the overall system performance in respect to energy efficiency. Energy consumption information shall be made available (see 6.3.5d and 6.3.7). Terms and definitions will be aligned with the upcoming new horizontal standard IEC 62542 once they are finalized. Beyond that the standard EN 62301-1 has been developed t