CEN TR 17112-2017 Cycles - Composite material used in bicycles - Specific tests suitable for components manufactured from composite materials.pdf

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1、Cycles - Composite material used in bicycles - Specific tests suitable for components manufactured from composite materialsPD CEN/TR 17112:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06TECHNICALREPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 17112 July 2017IC

2、S 43.150EnglishVersionCycles - Composite material used in bicycles - Specific testssuitable for components manufactured from composite materialsCycles - Matriaux compositesutiliss dans lesbicyclettes - Essais spcifiques adapts aux composants fabriqus partir de matriauxcompositesFahrrder - Verbundwer

3、kstoffe fr Fahrrder -Spezifische Prfverfahren fr aus Verbundwerkstoffehergestellte KomponentenThis Technical Report wasapproved by CENon 26 June 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 333.CEN members are the nationalstandards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cypru

4、s, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and Uni

5、ted Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CENnational Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 17

6、112:2017 ENational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 17112:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GME/25, Cycles.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publicat

7、ion does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 97072 6ICS 43.150Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from

8、legal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 17112:2017TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CE

9、N/TR 17112 July 2017 ICS 43.150 English Version Cycles - Composite material used in bicycles - Specific tests suitable for components manufactured from composite materials Cycles - Matriaux composites utiliss dans les bicyclettes - Essais spcifiques adapts aux composants fabriqus partir de matriaux

10、composites Fahrrder - Verbundwerkstoffe fr Fahrrder - Spezifische Prfverfahren fr aus Verbundwerkstoffe hergestellte Komponenten This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 26 June 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 333. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Aus

11、tria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spa

12、in, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwid

13、e for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 17112:2017 EPD CEN/TR 17112:2017CEN/TR 17112:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Steerer tube fatigue test . 4 3.1 General 4 3.2 Background . 4 3.3 Requirements . 5 3.4 Test methods - Addition 5 4 Heat resist

14、ance testing for composite wheels 6 4.1 Background . 6 4.2 Requirements . 6 4.3 Test methods 7 5 Composite saddle rail test . 10 5.1 General . 10 5.2 Background 10 5.3 Requirements 10 5.4 Test methods . 11 6 Composite seat post fatigue testing . 12 6.1 General . 12 6.2 Background 12 6.3 Test methods

15、 . 12 PD CEN/TR 17112:2017CEN/TR 17112:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 17112:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 333 “Cycles”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the sub

16、ject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 17112:2017CEN/TR 17112:2017 (E) 4 1 Scope The purpose of this Technical Report is to provide innovative requirements and test methods applicable to any category of bicycle (city/trekking

17、, MTB, young adult and racing) containing components manufactured, in part or whole, from composite materials. Its aim is to provide technical solutions that reduce the risk of component failure and rider injury during the specified use of such bicycles. This Technical Report includes requirements a

18、nd test methods validated by the bicycle industry and test houses for composite assemblies including forks, frames, wheels, saddle rails and seat posts. This Technical Report makes reference to current “state of the art” standards in the field of bicycles, agreed at CEN level through the publication

19、 of EN ISO 4210- series of standards. Therefore, the requirements and tests proposed in this Technical Report are intended to be read and applied in accordance with the appropriate EN ISO 4210 standard. NOTE Please note that the tests described in this TR refer in places to paragraph numbers from th

20、e applicable EN ISO 4210- series. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the refere

21、nced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 4210-2:2015, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain and racing bicycles (ISO 4210-2:2015) EN ISO 4210-3:2014, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 3: Common tes

22、t methods (ISO 4210-3:2014) EN ISO 4210-4:2014, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 4: Braking test methods (ISO 4210-4:2014) EN ISO 4210-5:2014, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 5: Steering test methods (ISO 4210-5:2014, Corrected version 2015-02-01) EN ISO 4210-6:2015,

23、 Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 6: Frame and fork test methods (ISO 4210-6:2015) EN ISO 4210-7:2014, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 7: Wheels and rims test methods (ISO 4210-7:2014) EN ISO 4210-9:2014, Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 9: Saddles an

24、d seat-post test methods (ISO 4210-9:2014) 3 Steerer tube fatigue test 3.1 General To apply this test, EN ISO 4210-2:2015 and EN ISO 4210-6:2015 shall be used. 3.2 Background The proposal for a fork steerer tube fatigue test was developed due to several professional and numerous consumer accidents t

25、hat involved the fatigue failure of composite material steerer tubes. The cycle industry has developed a test to confirm stem and steerer tube compatibility as an assembly. Note PD CEN/TR 17112:2017CEN/TR 17112:2017 (E) 5 that the combination of specified handlebar stems and composite fork steerers

26、can have an effect on the integrity of the product. This test has now been utilized for more than 8 years by some manufacturers as part of their internal validation testing. 3.3 Requirements When tested by the method described in 5.8.2.1, there shall be no fractures or visible cracks in any part of

27、the fork. This shall be confirmed by removing the steering assembly and inspecting the fork steerer. The running displacements (peak-to-peak value) at the points where the test forces are applied shall not increase by more than 20 % of the initial values for a composite fork. 3.4 Test methods - Addi

28、tion EN ISO 4210-6:2015, 5.8 Fork Steerer Tube and Stem Assembly - Fatigue Test 5.8.1 General A bicycle fork shall be subjected to in-phase fatigue loading via a stem or a handlebar stem assembly attached at the steerer tube in the direction parallel to the fork steerer tube. The test shall be used

29、to qualify the fork system, including the specified stem, expander nut, and headset assembly (top-cap, bearings, etc.). The headset spacers shall be removed and the stem shall contact the top cap of the headset. The stem fasteners shall be torqued to the manufacturers recommended maximum specificati

30、on. If the intended stem type is known, the maximum specified length shall be used for this test. 5.8.2 Fork Steerer Tube Fatigue Test 5.8.2.1 Fork Steerer Tube Fatigue Test Method The loading conditions are the same as EN ISO 4210-5:2014, 4.9.2.2 handlebar fatigue In-Phase procedure (phase 2). If a

31、 handlebar and stem assembly is used for testing, 400 N (F) shall be applied fully reversed to each end of the ball joint attachment. The maximum test frequency shall be maintained as specified in EN ISO 4210-3:2014, 4.5. In the case where the specified stem is known but not the handlebar, a dummy l

32、oad arm shall be used and adjusted for length based on the manufacturers specifications (minimum value of 110 mm - X). A load of 800 N (F) shall be applied fully reversed to the dummy clamp (see Figure 1). For composite fork steerer tubes, the running displacements (peak-to-peak value) at the points

33、 where the test forces are applied shall not increase by more than 20 % of the initial values. Stop the test after 20 000 cycles, remove the stem assembly and inspect the fork assembly for cracks or fractures. PD CEN/TR 17112:2017CEN/TR 17112:2017 (E) 6 Key X length F applied load Figure 1 Dummy cla

34、mp 4 Heat resistance testing for composite wheels 4.1 Background There has been some concern in the development of composite wheels (tubular or clincher rims) that excessive heat generated during extreme braking (long decents or turning during decents) can cause material damage that may lead to stru

35、ctural damage of the rim. The resins TG (glass transition temperature) plays a large part in this, but also the braking force and brake pad compound factor in. Impact after heat damage can also cause structural damage to wheel components. We feel that a review and test requirement/proposal is a good

36、 direction forward to establishing a safety standard that can be incorporated into an EN and/or ISO standard. 4.2 Requirements EN ISO 4210-2:2015, 4.6.9 Brakes Heat resistance test: 4.6.9.1 General This test applies to all disc and hub brakes, but it applies to rim brakes where the brake pads are kn

37、own or suspected to be manufactured from or include thermoplastic materials. This test applies also to rim brakes where the rim brake sidewalls are known or suspected to be manufactured from or include composite materials. Each brake on the bicycle shall be tested individually, but where the front a

38、nd rear brakes are identical, only one brake needs to be tested. If rims are identical (spoke count, material, design), only one wheel needs to be tested. PD CEN/TR 17112:2017CEN/TR 17112:2017 (E) 7 4.6.9.2 Requirement for disc brakes, hub brakes and rim brakes and pads (alloy or steel rim, composit

39、e rims are excluded from this section) Throughout the test described in EN ISO 4210-4:2014, 4.7, the brake lever shall not touch the handlebar grip, the operating force shall not exceed 180 N, and the braking force shall not deviate outside the range 60 N to 115 N. Immediately after having been subj

40、ected to the test described in EN ISO 4210-4:2014, 4.7, the brakes shall achieve at least 60 % of the braking performance which was recorded at the highest operating force used during the performance tests EN ISO 4210-4:2014, 4.6.5.7 c) items 1) and 2). 4.6.9.3 Requirement for rim brakes and pads us

41、ed with composite rims - Addition A new wheel with new brake pads (recommended by the wheel/rim manufacturer) and a new tyre (tubular tyre, tyre w/inner tube or tubeless tyre) shall be subjected to two consecutive tests: EN ISO 4210-4:2014, 4.8 and EN ISO 4210-7:2014, Annex B. After having been subj

42、ected to the first test described in EN ISO 4210-4:2014, 4.8 the rim with the inflated tyre mounted on shall have no visible cracking, fracture or permanent deformation (rim width shall not increase greater than 5 % of the initial maximal width value with EN ISO 4210-7:2014, 4.4 width measurement me

43、thod). After having been subjected to the second test described in EN ISO 4210-7:2014, Annex B the rim without tyre shall have no visible cracking or fracture. The lateral and radial run out shall not exceed 1,0 mm (EN ISO 4210-2:2015, 4.10.1). 4.3 Test methods EN ISO 4210-4:2014, 4.7 Brakes Heat-re

44、sistance test for disc brakes, hub brakes and rim braking pads (alloy or steel rim, composite rims are excluded from this section) Drive the wheel and tyre assembly with the brake applied on a machine such as those described in ISO 4210-4:2014, 4.6.5.5 at a velocity of 12, 5 km/h 5 % with a rearward

45、, cooling air-velocity of 12, 5 km/h 10 %, so that a total braking energy of E Wh 5 % specified in Table 1 is developed. The duration of the test shall be 15 min 10 %. Allow the brake to cool to ambient temperature and then repeat the test cycle. A maximum of 10 interruptions per test cycle is permi

46、tted, each with a maximum duration of 10 s. When the test has been carried out, subject the brakes to the applicable parts of the tests described in ISO 4210-4:2014, 4.6.5.7 item c) 1) and 2). Calculate the braking energy from Formula (1): =Br BrEF V t(1) where FBris the braking force (N); VBris the

47、 linear velocity of the periphery of the tyre (i.e. 12,5 km/h = 3,472 m/s) (m/s); t is the duration of each test cycle (excluding interruptions) (i.e. 15 min = 0,25 h) (h). PD CEN/TR 17112:2017CEN/TR 17112:2017 (E) 8 Table 1 Total braking energy Bicycle type City and trekking bicycles Young adult bi

48、cycles Mountain bicycles Racing bicycles Total braking energy, E Wh 55 55 75 75 When the test has been carried out, the brakes shall be subjected to the applicable parts of the test described in ISO 4210-4:2014, 4.6.5, in order to check that the requirement in EN ISO 4210-2:2015, 4.6.9.2 is fulfille

49、d. EN ISO 4210-4:2014, 4.8 Brakes Heat-resistance test for rim brakes and pads used with composite rims In order to check after the test the requirement in EN ISO 4210-2:2015, 4.6.9.3, the rim shall be measured with the tyre inflated to the method described in ISO 4210-7:2014, 4.4. During this measurement at the beginning of the test, the tyre shall be inflated to the maximum rated pressure for either the rim or tyre, whichever is the lower maximum rating. Both the front and rear wheel shall be tested. A new wheel with new bra