BS 7562-4-1992 Planning design and installation of irrigation schemes - Guide to water resources《灌溉系统的规划 设计和安装 水资源指南》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS 7562-4: 1992 Planning, design and installation of irrigation schemes Part 4: Guide to water resourcesBS7562-4:1992 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Policy Committee, waspublished under the author

2、ityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 15December1992 BSI 08-1999 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference AGE/30 Draft for comment 90/76423 DC ISBN 0 580 21227 0 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British

3、Standard was entrusted by the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Policy Committee (AGE/-) to Technical Committee AGE/30, upon which the following bodies were represented: Agricultural Engineers Association British Agricultural and Garden Machinery Association Ltd. Health and Safety Exec

4、utive Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food National Farmers Union Silsoe College Silsoe Research Institute UK Irrigation Association National Rivers Authority Well Drillers Association Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBS7562-4:1992 BSI 08-1999 i Contents Page Committe

5、es responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1 Scope 1 2 References 1 3 Definitions 1 4 Legislation 1 5 Estimation of water availability 3 6 Design aspects of surface flowing water sources 5 7 Design aspects of groundwater sources 7 8 Earth reservoirs 10 9 Storage tanks 19 10 Public water supply 19

6、 11 Water quality 20 Annex A (informative) Bibliography 21 Table 1 Method of measurement for source flow rate and typical flow ranges 4 Table 2 Embankment top width 12 List of references Inside back coverBS7562-4:1992 ii BSI 08-1999 Foreword This Part of BS7562has been prepared under the direction o

7、f the Agricultural Machinery and Implements Standards Policy Committee and contains recommendations on good practice in the planning, design and installation of irrigation schemes in the UK, together with information and guidance. It is intended for the use of engineers and farmers having some knowl

8、edge of the subject. It embodies the experience of engineers successfully engaged on the design and construction of irrigation schemes so that other reasonably qualified engineers may use it as a basis for the design of similar irrigation schemes. This Part of BS7562contains information and represen

9、ts good practice at the time it was written and inevitably, technical developments may render parts of it obsolescent in time. It is the responsibility of engineers concerned with the design and construction of schemes to remain conversant with developments which have taken place since publication.

10、This standard has been prepared in six Parts as follows. Part 1: Glossary of terms; Part 2: Acquisition of site data; Part 3: Irrigation water requirements 1) ; Part 4: Guide to water resources; Part 5: Distribution systems and irrigation equipment 1) ; Part 6: Guide for feasibility and implementati

11、on procedures. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This docu

12、ment comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages1 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. 1) In prepa

13、ration.BS7562-4:1992 BSI 08-1999 1 1 Scope This Part of BS7562gives guidance and information on water resource requirements. It covers the Water Acts, surface and underground water resources and design of sourceworks, public supply and water quality. Annex A lists some relevant further reading. 2 Re

14、ferences 2.1 Normative references This Part of BS7562incorporates, by reference, provisions from specific editions of other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate points in the text and the publications are listed on the inside back cover. Subsequent amendment to, or r

15、evisions of, any of these publications apply to this Part of BS7562only when incorporated in it by updating or revision. 2.2 Informative references This Part of BS7562refers to other publications that provide information or guidance. Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of thi

16、s standard are listed on the inside back cover, but reference should be made to the latest editions. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Part of BS7562 the definitions given in BS7562-1:1992 apply. 4 Legislation 4.1 Common law water rights 4.1.1 General In common law the occupier of any land is e

17、ntitled to the riparian rights of any natural stream contiguous with that land. In England and Wales such rights relating to abstraction of water have been largely replaced by the Water Resources Act19911. Common law rights still exist in Scotland and Northern Ireland. 4.1.2 Underground water Common

18、 law rights do not apply to underground water unless it can be shown that water is flowing in a defined underground channel. 4.2 Introduction to the Water Acts 4.2.1 Sources Sources of water for spray irrigation are controlled by the National Rivers Authority (NRA). 4.2.2 Applicability of Water Acts

19、 All acts referred to in this Part of BS7562apply to England and Wales only except the Spray Irrigation (Scotland) Act 19632. 4.2.3 Acts and associated regulations The abstraction of water and impounding of watercourses are controlled by the Water Resources Act1991, as influenced by, among others: a

20、) The Reservoirs Act19753; b) various local water authority acts and/or orders; c) The Wildlife and Countryside Act19814; d) The Spray Irrigation (Definition) Order19655; e) The Water Resources (Licences) Regulations19656; f) The Water Resources (Miscellaneous Provisions) Regulations19657; g) The Wa

21、ter Resources (Licences) (Amendments) Regulations19658; h) The Water Resources (Succession to Licences) Regulations19699; i) The Spray Irrigation (Scotland) Act1963. NOTEThe Code of practice on Conservation, Access and Recreation10 provides further information on the abstraction of water and impound

22、ing of water courses. 4.3 Scotland The Spray Irrigation (Scotland) Act1963empowers the river purification authorities to control the abstraction of water for spray irrigation. Abstraction requires to be licensed on specified watercourses. 4.4 Licences to abstract water 4.4.1 General Subject to the e

23、xceptions in 4.4.6 no one may take water from any source unless they hold a licence from the NRA. They are allowed to abstract only within the conditions of that licence. Possession of an abstraction licence gives the holder a protected right to the specified amounts, but it does not guarantee that

24、such amounts will always be available or that the water will always be of suitable quality. 4.4.2 Derogation In deciding on the issue of a licence the National Rivers Authority has to, by law, ensure that it will not derogate any existing right to water except with the consent of the person entitled

25、 to such a right. Thus a licence gives a protected right both in the sense that no one else can subsequently take that water, and also in the sense of indemnifying the holder against any effect his abstraction might have on existing rights.BS7562-4:1992 2 BSI 08-1999 4.4.3 Protected right Licensed a

26、bstraction is a protected right as is any abstraction from a surface watercourse used for domestic and agricultural purposes other than spray irrigation. Unlicensed abstraction from underground strata used for domestic purposes is also a protected right. 4.4.4 Special conditions In areas where water

27、 is scarce, licences may be issued but only with conditions that require that abstraction ceases when flow or level falls below a given value. This may mean that water would not be available in some years, often the years when irrigation is most required. 4.4.5 Content of abstraction licences Abstra

28、ction licences have to specify the following. a) The person to whom the licence is granted. b) Whether the licence is to remain in force until revoked, or whether it is to expire at a specified date. c) The quantity authorized for abstraction during a specified period or periods from the source of s

29、upply to which the licence relates. d) The way in which the water is to be measured or assessed. e) The means by which water may be abstracted. f) The land on which, and the purposes for which, the water is to be used. g) Any other provisions that the NRA considers appropriate. 4.4.6 Exceptions to l

30、icensing The following categories are exempt from licensing. a) One-off abstraction of up to5m 3provided that it does not form part of a continuous operation whereby in total more than5m 3are abstracted. b) Similar abstractions of up to20m 3 , provided consent is obtained from the NRA. c) Abstractio

31、n of less than20m 3per day from an inland water for domestic or agricultural purposes other than spray irrigation. d) Abstraction of less than20m 3from underground strata for domestic purposes. e) Abstraction to test for the presence of water in underground strata or its quality or quantity provided

32、 that any such test is with the consent of the NRA under section32(3)of the Water Resources Act1991 and in accordance with any conditions imposed. 4.5 Licences to impound or abstract from a watercourse Before carrying out any works which impound water or any further works which divert the flow of an

33、 inland water in connection with such impounding works the Water Resources Act1991requires that an appropriate licence is obtained from the NRA. The impounding works may only impound water to the extent authorized in the licence and should also allow for the release of any compensation flows specifi

34、ed. Any other conditions have also be complied with. 4.6 Application for a licence to abstract or impound water 4.6.1 Pre-application consultation Consultation with NRA officials regarding the viability of any proposal is strongly advised to avoid incurring advertising cost unnecessarily. 4.6.2 Elig

35、ibility to apply The applicant has to be the occupier or prospective occupier of the land contiguous to the abstraction point or have a right or prospective right of access to it. 4.6.3 Application forms There are three types of application forms: a) for a licence to abstract from an inland water; b

36、) for a licence to abstract from underground strata; c) for an impounding licence. 4.6.4 Advertising Application for licences, renewals, or variations other than reductions in quantities have to be advertized according to a prescribed form of notice in the local press and the London Gazette. The NRA

37、 provides forms for this purpose. The advertising procedure may be waived, at the discretion of the NRA in the case of applications for less than20 m 3per day. 4.6.5 Maps Applications should be accompanied by a map of a scale not less than1 : 10000 showing: a) in the case of abstraction, the land oc

38、cupied by the applicant, the proposed point of abstraction and the land on which the water is to be used; b) in the case of impounding, the inland water and the proposed point of impounding.BS7562-4:1992 BSI 08-1999 3 4.6.6 Consideration of application 4.6.6.1 General The NRA is permitted up to thre

39、e months to deal with any application after receipt. This period can be extended by mutual agreement between the applicant and the NRA. 4.6.6.2 Factors considered Apart from ensuring there is no derogation of protected rights the NRA has to take into account any formal objections received. Furthermo

40、re there is an obligation to consult with English Nature and others regarding any conservation sites. Licences will only be granted if the character and flows of any affected watercourse can be safeguarded taking into account all existing uses. 4.7 Variation of conditions of licence The variation of

41、 the conditions of any licence to abstract or impound water requires a formal application to the NRA. This necessitates advertising except for: a) transfer of ownership; or b) reductions in quantities, rates and periods of abstraction or the area of land to be irrigated. The NRA should be consulted

42、before proceeding with any formal application to vary a licence. 4.8 Land drainage consent In addition to an abstraction licence any abstraction from surface watercourses may require a Land Drainage Consent from the NRA for any temporary or permanent installation on the river bank. This may impose r

43、estrictions and conditions on such works which may include provisions to allow for access to river banks for maintenance. 4.9 Measurement of abstractions Abstractions are normally required to be measured using a flow meter. In appropriate cases it is possible to use flow gauging weirs or rated pump

44、capacities to assess the quantity abstracted. Apart from any measurement requirements imposed as licence conditions, accurate measurement is strongly recommended in all cases in the interest of good irrigation management. 4.10 Charges 4.10.1 Charge for application The NRA may make a change for any a

45、pplication to abstract, impound or vary an existing licence. 4.10.2 Annual charges Licensed abstractions are subject to an annual charge in accordance with the scheme operated by the NRA. The charges are dependant upon the total licensed quantity, period of abstraction, type of source and the use ma

46、de of the water. They vary in different parts of the country. No charge is levied for water from underground strata that is used for agricultural purposes other than spray irrigation, provided that the quantity does not exceed20m 3per day. 4.10.3 Abatement of charges Charges are normally levied acco

47、rding to licensed entitlement whether or not water is actually abstracted. However, in the case of spray irrigation only, Section127of the Water Resources Act1991allows for an agreement to be entered into whereby reduced charges may be implemented in years when less than the full entitlement is take

48、n. 5 Estimation of water availability 5.1 Introduction An abstraction licence does not guarantee that the water is reliably available. The availability of water at any location varies greatly and the following components need to be considered: a) the water naturally available in the resource; b) any

49、 artificial augmentation, for example effluents or river augmentation works; c) existing protected rights, either for abstraction or for in-river needs. 5.2 Consultation with NRA Most of the components listed in 5.1 cannot be properly assessed at the abstraction site. The NRA is responsible for these matters and should be consulted at the outset. It will usually advise on water availability, and may refuse applications for water from unreliable sources. However the decision on acceptable levels of risk is normally a matter for the applicant