ASTM F3217-2017 Standard Guide for Security Fasteners《安全紧固件的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F3217 17Standard Guide forSecurity Fasteners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3217; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the y

2、ear of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide technicalinformation related to understanding the features, types ofmaterials, and benefits of various types of security fastenersan

3、d provide guidance in the selection and application ofsecurity fasteners in detention and corrections facilities.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation

4、only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of

5、 regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Tr

6、ade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASME Standard:ASME B1.1 Unified Inch Screw Threads (UN and UNRThread Form)22.2 British Standard:BS 15801 Unified Screw Threads. Screw Threads withDiameters14 in. and Larger. Requirements33. Terminology3.1 Definiti

7、ons:3.1.1 bearing surface, narea that carries load across theface of the material.3.1.2 blind fastener, nfastener that can be placed withaccess to only one side of an application (for example, cagenuts, pop rivet).3.1.3 blind side, nside of the joint that cannot be accessed(for example, the inside s

8、urface of a tubular or box section).3.1.4 body, nin blind fasteners, the portion of the rivet thatexpands into the parent material and in threaded fasteners, theunthreaded portion of the fastener under the head.3.1.5 bolt, nexternally threaded fastener that requires anut to secure the fastened joint

9、.3.1.6 break stem, nfastener that is installed by grippingand pulling the end of the mandrel/stem; see Fig. 1.3.1.6.1 DiscussionAs installation is completed, the end ofthe stem fractures at the breaker groove and is discarded,leaving the head of the stem in the fastener body.3.1.7 breaker groove, nw

10、eakened groove in the stem orpin of a fastener allowing breakage at a predetermined load andlength; see Fig. 2.3.1.8 bulbing, vphysical action of the fastener body swell-ing (expanding radially) against the rear face of the joint whenplaced.3.1.8.1 DiscussionGenerally found in break stem fasten-ers

11、and threaded inserts.3.1.9 case hardened, advheat-treated fastener in which thesurface is harder than the core.3.1.10 chemical-set anchor, nanchor designed for blind-hole installations that use a two-component structural gradecatalyzing resin (usually epoxy) to bind the bolt securely in thesubstrate

12、 material.3.1.11 drive-pin expansion anchor, nblind-hole expansionanchor usually manufactured from a relatively soft alloy metalor plastic, but can also be of steel; see Fig. 3.3.1.11.1 DiscussionThe anchor is expanded into the blindhole by hammering in a supplied pin or nail into the center ofthe a

13、nchor.3.1.12 drive type, nthe features of a fastener head thatallows the fastener to be driven (installed or removed).3.1.12.1 Allen head, nhexagonal hollow socket drivedesign.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F33 on Detention andCorrectional Facilities and is the direct respon

14、sibility of Subcommittee F33.04 onDetention Hardware.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017. Published August 2017. DOI: 10.1520/F3217-17.2Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.3Availa

15、ble from British Standards Institution (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/.4See thread terminology, types of bolt and screw heads, and types of screwpoints for visual reference.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Un

16、ited StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barrie

17、rs to Trade (TBT) Committee.1(1) DiscussionSecurity fastener versions have a centerpin reject feature added.3.1.12.2 Key-Rex,ncustom-registered computer-designed hollow socket head design requiring a matching tooldrive to install or remove; see Fig. 4.5(1) DiscussionGenerally considered a maximum se

18、curityfastener.3.1.12.3 McGard Intimidator,ncustom-registeredcomputer-designed hollow socket drive design requiring amatching tool drive to install or remove; see Fig. 5.5(1) DiscussionGenerally considered a maximum securityfastener.3.1.12.4 one-way drive, ndrive design that allows forinstallation b

19、ut not removal. This is usually a one-way slottedhead in which the slot shoulders are removed in the counter-clockwise direction.(1) DiscussionThis is not considered a security fastenerwith the possible exception of one-way slotted heads in whichthe slot shoulders are removed in the counterclockwise

20、 direc-tion.3.1.12.5 Penta NutTM,ntapered nut with a hollow five-point socket that is used to tighten the nut; see Fig. 6.53.1.12.6 Penta-plusTM,nfive-sided hollow socket securityfastener with center pin reject; see Fig. 7.53.1.12.7 Phillips head, nfor threaded fasteners, a tradi-tional hollow socke

21、t head design characterized by a four-lobedshape; see Fig. 8.(1) DiscussionThis is not considered a security fastener.3.1.12.8 RaptorTM,noversized head with anti-looseningserrations on the flat bearing surface, which increases theholding power of the fastener 20 % and eliminates the need forlock was

22、hers.5(1) DiscussionThis feature can be added to Key-Rex,Penta-plusTM, ZeroTM, or any style fastener.3.1.12.9 Robertson, na square hollow socket drive oftenseen in woodworking fasteners.3.1.12.10 slotted head, nfor threaded fasteners, a tradi-tional head design characterized by a cross slot in the h

23、eadface; see Fig. 9.5The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Bryce Fasteners, 1230 N. Mondel Dr., Gilbert, AZ 85233. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive carefu

24、l consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Break StemFIG. 2 Breaker GrooveFIG. 3 Drive-pin Expansion AnchorFIG. 4 Key-RexFIG. 5 McGard IntimidatorFIG. 6 Penta NutTMFIG. 7 Penta-plusTMFIG. 8 Phillips HeadFIG. 9 Slotted HeadF3217 1723.1.12.11 spanne

25、r head, nfor threaded fasteners, one witha head design characterized by horizontally opposed notches inthe head circumference or round recesses within the head face;see Fig. 10.(1) DiscussionSuch designs are not especially secure andtools for inserting or removing these types of fasteners areeasily

26、broken. They are often referred to as “snake eye”fasteners.3.1.12.12 Torx head, nmulti-lobed hollow socket fastenerbit design as patented and licensed by Camcar Textron and thedesign is characterized by a six-lobed shape with roundedlobes.6The security version has an added center pin; see Fig.11.3.1

27、.12.13 Torx plus head, nmulti-lobed hollow socketfastener bit design characterized by a six-pointed shape aspatented and licensed by Camcar Textron and the designcharacterized by a six-lobed shape with truncated lobes.6Thesecurity version is a five-lobed version that has an added centerpin; see Fig.

28、 12.(1) DiscussionThis design has better mechanical proper-ties than the standard Torx but is limited in available sizes.3.1.12.14 T-REVX,nmulti-lobed hollow socket fastenercharacterized by a seven-point shape as patented and licensedby Bryce Fastener; see Fig. 13.73.1.13 endurance limit/strength, n

29、maximum alternativestress that a fastener can withstand for a specified number ofstress cycles without failure. This is not normally an issue incorrectional/detention projects.3.1.13.1 DiscussionSee static breaking strengths (inpounds).3.1.14 expansion anchor, nanchor designed for blind-holeinstalla

30、tions that use a specially designed sleeve, wedge orother device that, as the fastener is tightened, the sleeve orwedge expands into the available space locking the fastener inplace.3.1.15 hardening, vchanging the strength or durabilitycharacteristics of a fastener through heat treatment or workhard

31、ening.3.1.15.1 DiscussionSee case hardening, inductionhardening, and through hardening.3.1.16 head form/head style, ncharacteristics of the fas-tener head and head styles include button, pan, truss, hex, hexflange, socket head large flange, low profile, and countersunk.3.1.16.1 button head, nfor thr

32、eaded fasteners, one with alow, rounded top surface and a large, flat bearing surface;similar to a round head machine screw; see Fig. 14.3.1.16.2 countersunk head, nfor threaded fasteners, onewith a level surface and a conical bearing surface; available invarious nominal head angles; see Fig. 15.(1)

33、 DiscussionSee flat head.3.1.16.3 fillister headfor threaded fasteners, one with arounded top, cylindrical sides, and flat bearing surface; see Fig.16.3.1.16.4 flat head, nfor threaded fasteners, one with alevel surface and a conical bearing surface; available in variousnominal head angles; see Fig.

34、 17.(1) DiscussionSee countersunk head.6The Torx head is covered by a patent. If you are aware of an alternative(s) tothe patented item, please attach to your ballot return a description of the alternatives.All suggestions will be considered by the committee. If alternatives are identified,the commi

35、ttee shall reconsider whether the patented item is necessary. Thecommittee, in making its decision, shall follow Regulation 15.7The T-REVXis covered by a patent. If you are aware of an alternative(s) tothe patented item, please attach to your ballot return a description of the alternatives.All sugge

36、stions will be considered by the committee. If alternatives are identified,the committee shall reconsider whether the patented item is necessary. Thecommittee, in making its decision, shall follow Regulation 15.FIG. 10 Spanner HeadFIG. 11 Torx HeadFIG. 12 Torx Plus HeadFIG. 13 T-REVXFIG. 14 Button H

37、eadFIG. 15 Countersunk HeadF3217 1733.1.16.5 hexagon flange head/hex flange head, nhex headwith an integral circular collar connected to the base of thehexagon by a conic section; see Fig. 18.(1) DiscussionNormally, the flanged diameter is largerthan the width across the corners of the hexagon.3.1.1

38、6.6 hexagon head/hex head, nfor threaded fasteners,one with a flat or indented top surface, six flat sides, and a flatbearing surface; see Fig. 19.3.1.16.7 hexagon washer head/hex washer head, nhexhead with an integral, formed washer at the base of thehexagon and the washer diameter may be equal to

39、or greaterthan the width across the corners; see Fig. 20.3.1.16.8 oval head, nfor threaded fasteners, one with arounded top surface and a conical bearing surface with a headangle of nominally 82 (90 for metric); see Fig. 21.3.1.16.9 pan head, nfor threaded fasteners, one with a flatbearing surface a

40、nd a flat top surface rounding into a cylindri-cal side surface; see Fig. 22.(1) DiscussionOn recessed pan heads, the top surface issemi-elliptical, rounding into a cylindrical side surface. Panheaded screws normally do not provide enough depth for thetool cavity to develop reasonable strength so it

41、 is seldom usedin security fastener designs. See button head or fillister head.3.1.16.10 round head, none with a semi-elliptical topsurface and a flat bearing surface.(1) DiscussionThis term is also used to describe afastener head designed without a driving surface or recess; seeFig. 23.3.1.16.11 so

42、cket head, nfor threaded fasteners, one with aflat chamfered top surface with a smooth or knurled sidesurface and a flat bearing surface; see Fig. 24.(1) DiscussionA hexagon or spline (formerly known as“fluted”) socket is formed in the center of the top surface.3.1.16.12 truss head, nfor threaded fa

43、steners, one with arounded top surface and a flat bearing surface; the diameter ofthe truss head is larger in comparison to the fastener size thanthe diameter of the corresponding round head; see Fig. 25.(1) DiscussionThe design has improved mechanicalproperties to Torx having higher torque and the

44、ability to stickto the installation tool. It is more secure because only licensedinstallation tools can remove it. Not all sizes are in stock.3.1.17 induction hardened, adjheat-treated fastener thathas undergone a selective hardening process, using inductioncoils, to strengthen further a part of the

45、 fastener (usually theinitial116 in. (16 mm) of the surface).FIG. 16 Fillister HeadFIG. 17 Flat HeadFIG. 18 Hexagon Flange Head/Hex Flange HeadFIG. 19 Hexagon Head/Hex HeadFIG. 20 Hexagon Washer Head/Hex Washer HeadFIG. 21 Oval HeadFIG. 22 Pan HeadFIG. 23 Round HeadFIG. 24 Socket HeadF3217 1743.1.18

46、 length of engagement, nlength of full-sized fas-tener threads that engage in the nut material.3.1.18.1 DiscussionThe length of the lead thread is notcounted in the length of engagement since its reduced sizeminimizes any performance benefits. The length of engage-ment is usually expressed in relati

47、onship to the nominaldiameter of the screw (for example, 2 to 212 diameters ofengagement).3.1.19 left-hand thread, nstandard thread design; windsclockwise in a receding direction; see Fig. 26.3.1.20 maximum torque, nsee ultimate torque.3.1.21 minimum torque, nsee torque (recommended).3.1.22 passivat

48、ion/passivated, n/vprocess to remove con-taminants from the surface of stainless steel.3.1.22.1 DiscussionAlso a name for the chromatic processapplied to some metallic finishes to enhance corrosion resis-tance.3.1.23 pilot point, ncylindrical point with a diametersomewhat smaller than the shank diam

49、eter, which aids align-ment and starting during installation; see Fig. 27.3.1.23.1 DiscussionAlso called a “dog point” (appliesnormally to set screws).3.1.24 pinned head fastener, nhollow socket drive designenhancement in which a central pin is introduced into thedesign to render the fastener less prone to removal usingmakeshift tools by eliminating adequate bearing surface inwhich to exert force to the fastener; see Fig. 28.3.1.24.1 DiscussionPinned Allen, pinned Torx, and p