ASTM F2930-2016e1 Standard Guide for Compliance with Light Sport Aircraft Standards.pdf

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1、Designation: F2930 161Standard Guide forCompliance with Light Sport Aircraft Standards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2930; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i

2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially reformatted Table 2 in August 2018.1. Scope1.1 This document provides guidance to assist manufactur-ers in understanding and meeting ASTM

3、standards for lightsport aircraft. This guidance material presents philosophies,practices and considerations recommended by industryconsensus, but does not present technical or business require-ments that must be met.1.2 It is the intent of this guide to provide processes to beconsidered by organiza

4、tions looking to develop or improveobjective evidence of compliance for light sport aircraft. Itdoes not attempt to identify all of the standards, regulations orother requirements that may be applicable to a given aircraft,production or testing process.1.3 This standard does not purport to address a

5、ll of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed

6、in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents

7、2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2245 Specification for Design and Performance of a LightSport AirplaneF2295 Practice for Continued Operational Safety Monitor-ing of a Light Sport AircraftF2483 Practice for Maintenance and the Development ofMaintenance Manuals for Light Sport AircraftF2746 Specification for Pil

8、ots Operating Handbook (POH)for Light Sport AirplaneF2839 Practice for Compliance Audits to ASTM Standardson Light Sport AircraftF2972 Specification for Light Sport Aircraft ManufacturersQuality Assurance SystemF3035 Practice for Production Acceptance in the Manufac-ture of a Fixed Wing Light Sport

9、AircraftF3060 Terminology for Aircraft2.2 FAA Standards:3FAA Advisory Circular No. 23.629-1B Means of Compli-ance with Title 14 CFR, Part 23, Section 23.629, FlutterFAA JASC (Joint Aircraft System/Component) Codes2.3 Other References:ATA (Air Transport Association) Spec 100, or the neweriSpec 2200In

10、formation Standards for Aviation Mainte-nance4Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardiza-tion (MMPDS, formerly MIL-HDBK-5)5CMH-17 (formerly MIL-HDBK-17) for composite materialproperties5CICTT (Commercial Aviation Safety Team/InternationalCivil Aviation Organization Common TaxonomyTeam

11、) International Standard for Aircraft Make, Model,and Series Groupings Business Rules, October 2012(1.3)63. Terminology3.1 The following are a selection of relevant terms. SeeTerminology F3060 for more definitions and abbreviations.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 compliance packagea set of documents which pro

12、-vides objective, verifiable evidence for compliance to appli-cable ASTM standards.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light SportAircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.70 on Cross Cutting.Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. O

13、riginally approvedin 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F2930 15. DOI: 10.1520/F2930-16E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard

14、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 IndependenceAve., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http:/www.faa.gov.4Available from http:/www.airlines.org.5Available from http:/.6Available from http:/intlaviationstandards.org.Copyright ASTM Internation

15、al, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides

16、 and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2.2 compliance programa set of activities planned for,executed, and for which results are reviewed against ASTMstandards for the purpose of declaring compliance to a particu-lar standard.3.2.2.

17、1 DiscussionThe program may be short and simpleor extensive and comprehensive, depending on the standard orpurpose of the program (for example, initial design versusmodification).3.2.3 continued compliance activitywork that is con-ducted as part of the ongoing support and production of anaircraft fo

18、llowing the initial design definition and statement ofcompliance.3.2.4 control drawingdiscloses engineering form, fit,function, and performance requirements for the acquisition ofpurchased items of existing designs, or of items speciallydeveloped by vendors.3.2.4.1 DiscussionA control drawing facili

19、tates accurateprocurement of vendor-developed items without disclosingdetails of designs or divulging proprietary vendor data.3.2.5 date of manufacturepossible dates include, but arenot limited to, the date of initial registration in the relevantcountry of first registry of the individual aircraft,

20、the date ofinitial airworthiness certification, the date of the signature of astatement of compliance, or other date as defined by theapplicable CAA.3.2.5.1 DiscussionIt is important for the manufacturer tocorrectly identify this date as it determines which standards andwhich revisions thereof are a

21、pplicable to each individualaircraft.3.2.6 declaration of compliancethe official statement by amanufacturer that an aircraft meets the applicable light sportaircraft standards as specified by the relevant CAA.3.2.7 manufacturerany entity engaged in the productionof a light sport aircraft which is re

22、sponsible for completing allcompliance-related paperwork and assertions of compliance.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe manufacturer is also responsiblefor identifying each aircraft produced; for stating that eachaircraft complies with the applicable requirements, conforms toits own design definition and has pe

23、rformed acceptably on allnecessary ground and flight testing; and for continued moni-toring and correction of safety-of-flight issues.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 AMMAircraft Maintenance Manual3.3.2 BOMBill of Materials3.3.3 CAACivil Aviation Authority3.3.4 CAD/CAMComputer Aided Design/ComputerAided Manufactu

24、ring3.3.5 COS/COSMContinued Operational Safety/Monitoring3.3.6 COTSCommercial Off-The-Shelf3.3.7 FTSFlight Training Supplement3.3.8 IPBIllustrated Parts Breakdown (aka IPC, Inte-grated Parts Catalogue, Illustrated Parts Catalog)3.3.9 LSALight Sport Aircraft3.3.10 MCCLMaster Compliance Check List3.3.

25、11 MOCMeans of Compliance3.3.12 MTSMade to Spec3.3.13 NHANext Higher Assembly3.3.14 OEMOriginal Equipment Manufacturer3.3.15 POHPilot Operating Handbook (aka AFM, Air-craft Flight Manual; aka AOI, Aircraft Operating Instructions)3.3.16 QAQuality Assurance3.3.17 QAMQuality Assurance Manual3.3.18 QAPQ

26、uality Assurance Program3.3.19 QARQuality Assurance Record3.3.20 QCQuality Control3.3.21 UMUnit of Measure4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide provides some major themes and examplesfor consideration related to compliance which are not neces-sarily captured in any single standard pertinent to light

27、 sportaircraft. The outline of this document is intended to looselyreflect the process that an organization would go through inorder to reach and maintain production of a light sport aircraftthat is demonstrably compliant with the applicable ASTMstandards.4.2 These considerations are applicable to m

28、anufacturerswhich are responsible for conformity to processes and proce-dures required in ASTM standards for light sport aircraft.Manufacturers are encouraged to think through the contents ofthis guide, reference the ASTM light sport aircraft standards,establish, document and follow their own proced

29、ures.4.3 Manufacturers are responsible for determining whichstandards and revisions thereof are part of the regulatorypackage of any given CAA, along with any other requirementsapplicable within the agencys jurisdiction.4.4 Following this guide does not ensure compliance of aparticular light sport a

30、ircraft; however, following the explana-tions provided herein should assist manufacturers in avoidingcommon pitfalls of declaring compliance prematurely, deter-mining shortcomings in current declarations of compliance,and maintaining a body of documentation sufficient to supporta declaration of comp

31、liance.5. Key Themes5.1 The following key concepts are essential to the compli-ance process and can be seen throughout this guide. Manufac-turers are encouraged to keep these themes in mind.5.2 Configuration ControlOver the course of the develop-ment or compliance program, or both, the configuration

32、 shouldbe captured such that the specifics of the compliant design arecharacterized, traceable, and documented. This includes ele-ments such as definition, source, specifications, and a systemfor managing configuration.5.3 Change ManagementChanges come about from avariety of sources: changes for imp

33、rovements to a design, as aresult of safety of flight issues, or in response to a change in theF2930 1612standards themselves.All changes must be managed in order tomaintain compliance to the applicable standards throughout theproducts lifecycle. Failure to manage and track changes willresult in non

34、-compliance.5.4 DocumentationThe implementation of the consensusstandards within a certification process depends on compliancewhich is not merely declared, but also verifiable and repeat-able. If compliance is not documented, it cannot be assumed.Thorough documentation is essential for providing tra

35、ceability,supporting compliance and certification activities, and facili-tating design control. The manufacturer must be able to fullyaccount for all activity pertaining to the applicable require-ments associated with the aircraft. In addition, any assumptionsthat are relied upon as part of the desi

36、gn or production processshould also be thoroughly documented. For parameters that aresubject to variation, documentation of the sensitivity of aircraftperformance or conformity to those parameters is also highlyrecommended.5.5 Plan, Execute, Evaluate, Record (PEER):5.5.1 PlanA systematic plan that c

37、overs all elements ofcompliance, from an overall system for document managementand design definition to maintenance and continued operationalsupport, should be established at the beginning of anycompliance-related effort. It should include a process fordocumenting results to be used as a means of ch

38、ecks andbalances. The plan should cover all phases of productdevelopment, manufacture, and support. Reliance on fleetexperience or anecdotal information for an existing design doesnot generally meet the minimum requirements for this plan.Processes that are capable of providing traceability and suppo

39、rtproof of compliance as needed should be implemented withineach phase.5.5.2 ExecuteSystematic execution to the plan with thor-ough documentation is essential to future declarations ofcompliance. If documentation is not sufficient, either fromnewly conducted design or test exercise, or from potentia

40、llyrelevant fleet experience, the manufacturer may have to redotesting or analysis.5.5.3 EvaluateAppropriate evaluation of results in light ofeach individual requirement and use of planned checks andbalances is critical. Standards are written in terms of minimumrequirements such that failure to comp

41、ly or a lack of ability todemonstrate compliance on any single item in a standard isnon-compliance of the entire aircraft or system.5.5.4 RecordAppropriately document all findings thatsupport the applicable requirements. Documents should beclearly identified and written so that compliance to the req

42、uire-ments can be easily verified. Document control will alsosupport configuration control.6. Compliance Process Overview6.1 OverviewA schematic overview of the complianceprocess is shown in Fig. 1. One possible path through the lightsport aircraft compliance process is provided in Fig. 2. Fol-lowin

43、g these flowcharts does not ensure compliance, nor doesimplementing a process that differs from these flowchartsnecessarily mean non-compliance. Manufacturers are respon-sible for defining, executing and evaluating their own pro-cesses for both initial and ongoing compliance.NOTE 1While Fig. 2 ends

44、with signing a statement of compliance fora production aircraft, each aircraft produced does require its ownstatement of compliance and must comply with the set of standards thatare currently in effect at the date of manufacture.6.2 Personnel CertificationA key aspect of the compli-ance process is e

45、nsuring that those responsible for determiningcompliance within the manufacturers organization are appro-priately trained and qualified to do so. This is true regardless ofthe level of CAA oversight applied to the certification process.While it is not the intent of this Guide to mandate training ora

46、 particular training course, Manufacturers should be aware ofany such requirements that the relevant Civil Aviation Agencyin the county of first registry of the aircraft may, if desired,impose that mandate training or define limitations of validityand requirements for recurrent training. The scope d

47、iscussed in6.2.1 is intended to be representative of what one might expectto see in an appropriate training course.6.2.1 Training ScopeThe training is intended to verify thatgraduates are able to understand and determine whether anaircraft design and the manufacturers operations and processesmeet th

48、e requirements set forth in the ASTM standards forLight Sport Aircraft as well as the relevant regulatory frame-work. The training aims to provide education on the relevantstandards, how they are used, and best practices to helpminimize potential negative actions by the applicable CAAthrough robust

49、demonstration of compliance. To achieve this,the training provides understanding of:6.2.1.1 How to assess whether there is adequate substantia-tion to show compliance to the applicable standards set forth inthe ASTM standards for light aircraft;6.2.1.2 The requirements to obtain LSA certification, inclu-sive of design, performance, quality, and continued operationalsafety;6.2.1.3 The various materials that must be provided with thesale of an ASTM compliant aircraft; and6.2.1.4 The responsibilities and dutie