ASTM F2930-2016 Standard Guide for Compliance with Light Sport Aircraft Standards《遵守轻型运动飞机标准的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2930 15F2930 16Standard Guide forCompliance with Light Sport Aircraft Standards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2930; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n

2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This document provides guidance to assist manufacturers in understanding and meeting ASTM standards for light sportaircraft. This guidan

3、ce material presents philosophies, practices and considerations recommended by industry consensus, but doesnot present technical or business requirements that must be met.1.2 It is the intent of this guide to provide processes to be considered by organizations looking to develop or improve objective

4、evidence of compliance for light sport aircraft. It does not attempt to identify all of the standards, regulations or other requirementsthat may be applicable to a given aircraft, production or testing process.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associat

5、ed with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2245 Specification for Design and Performance of a Light Sport

6、AirplaneF2295 Practice for Continued Operational Safety Monitoring of a Light Sport AircraftF2483 Practice for Maintenance and the Development of Maintenance Manuals for Light Sport AircraftF2626 Terminology for Light Sport AircraftF2746 Specification for Pilots Operating Handbook (POH) for Light Sp

7、ort AirplaneF2839 Practice for Compliance Audits to ASTM Standards on Light Sport AircraftF2972 Specification for Light Sport Aircraft Manufacturers Quality Assurance SystemF3035 Practice for Production Acceptance in the Manufacture of a Fixed Wing Light Sport AircraftF3060 Terminology for Aircraft2

8、.2 FAA Standards:3FAA Advisory Circular No. 23.629-1B Means of Compliance with Title 14 CFR, Part 23, Section 23.629, FlutterFAA JASC (Joint Aircraft System/Component) Codes2.3 Other References:ATA (Air Transport Association) Spec 100, or the newer iSpec 2200Information Standards for Aviation Mainte

9、nance4Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS, formerly MIL-HDBK-5)5CMH-17 (formerly MIL-HDBK-17) for composite material properties5CICTT (Commercial Aviation Safety Team/International Civil Aviation Organization Common Taxonomy Team) InternationalStandard for Aircraft M

10、ake, Model, and Series Groupings Business Rules, October 2012 (1.3)63. Terminology3.1 The following are a selection of relevant terms. See Terminology F2626F3060 for more definitions and abbreviations.3.2 Definitions:1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F37 on Light Sport Aircraf

11、t and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.70 on Cross Cutting.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2015June 1, 2016. Published September 2015July 2016. Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asF2930 14a.F2930 15. DOI: 10.1520/F2930-15.10.1520/F2930-16.2 For

12、referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 Indepen

13、dence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http:/www.faa.gov.4 Available from http:/www.airlines.org.5 Available from http:/.6 Available from http:/intlaviationstandards.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes ha

14、ve been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official do

15、cument.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1 compliance packagea set of documents which provides objective, verifiable evidence for compliance to applicableASTM standards.3.2.2 compliance programa set of activities pla

16、nned for, executed, and for which results are reviewed againstASTM standardsfor the purpose of declaring compliance to a particular standard.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe program may be short and simple or extensive and comprehensive, depending on the standard or purpose of the program (forexample, initial

17、design versus modification).3.2.3 continued compliance activitywork that is conducted as part of the ongoing support and production of an aircraftfollowing the initial design definition and statement of compliance.3.2.4 control drawingdiscloses engineering form, fit, function, and performance requir

18、ements for the acquisition of purchaseditems of existing designs, or of items specially developed by vendors.3.2.4.1 DiscussionA control drawing facilitates accurate procurement of vendor-developed items without disclosing details of designs or divulgingproprietary vendor data.3.2.5 date of manufact

19、urepossible dates include, but are not limited to, the date of initial registration in the relevant countryof first registry of the individual aircraft, the date of initial airworthiness certification, the date of the signature of a statement ofcompliance, or other date as defined by the applicable

20、CAA.3.2.5.1 DiscussionIt is important for the manufacturer to correctly identify this date as it determines which standards and which revisions thereof areapplicable to each individual aircraft.3.2.6 declaration of compliancethe official statement by a manufacturer that an aircraft meets the applica

21、ble light sport aircraftstandards as specified by the relevant CAA.3.2.7 manufacturerany entity engaged in the production of a light sport aircraft which is responsible for completing allcompliance-related paperwork and assertions of compliance.3.2.7.1 DiscussionThe manufacturer is also responsible

22、for identifying each aircraft produced; for stating that each aircraft complies with theapplicable requirements, conforms to its own design definition and has performed acceptably on all necessary ground and flighttesting; and for continued monitoring and correction of safety-of-flight issues.3.3 Ac

23、ronyms:3.3.1 AMMAircraft Maintenance Manual3.3.2 BOMBill of Materials3.3.3 CAACivil Aviation Authority3.3.4 CAD/CAMComputer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing3.3.5 COS/COSMContinued Operational Safety/Monitoring3.3.6 COTSCommercial Off-The-Shelf3.3.7 FTSFlight Training Supplement3.3.8 IPBIllu

24、strated Parts Breakdown (aka IPC, Integrated Parts Catalogue, Illustrated Parts Catalog)3.3.9 LSALight Sport Aircraft3.3.10 MCCLMaster Compliance Check List3.3.11 MOCMeans of Compliance3.3.12 MTSMade to Spec3.3.13 NHANext Higher Assembly3.3.14 OEMOriginal Equipment Manufacturer3.3.15 POHPilot Operat

25、ing Handbook (aka AFM, Aircraft Flight Manual; aka AOI, Aircraft Operating Instructions)F2930 1623.3.16 QAQuality Assurance3.3.17 QAMQuality Assurance Manual3.3.18 QAPQuality Assurance Program3.3.19 QARQuality Assurance Record3.3.20 QCQuality Control3.3.21 UMUnit of Measure4. Significance and Use4.1

26、 This guide provides some major themes and examples for consideration related to compliance which are not necessarilycaptured in any single standard pertinent to light sport aircraft. The outline of this document is intended to loosely reflect theprocess that an organization would go through in orde

27、r to reach and maintain production of a light sport aircraft that isdemonstrably compliant with the applicable ASTM standards.4.2 These considerations are applicable to manufacturers which are responsible for conformity to processes and proceduresrequired in ASTM standards for light sport aircraft.

28、Manufacturers are encouraged to think through the contents of this guide,reference the ASTM light sport aircraft standards, establish, document and follow their own procedures.4.3 Manufacturers are responsible for determining which standards and revisions thereof are part of the regulatory package o

29、fany given CAA, along with any other requirements applicable within the agencys jurisdiction.4.4 Following this guide does not ensure compliance of a particular light sport aircraft; however, following the explanationsprovided herein should assist manufacturers in avoiding common pitfalls of declari

30、ng compliance prematurely, determiningshortcomings in current declarations of compliance, and maintaining a body of documentation sufficient to support a declarationof compliance.5. Key Themes5.1 The following key concepts are essential to the compliance process and can be seen throughout this guide

31、. Manufacturersare encouraged to keep these themes in mind.5.2 Configuration ControlOver the course of the development or compliance program, or both, the configuration should becaptured such that the specifics of the compliant design are characterized, traceable, and documented. This includes eleme

32、nts suchas definition, source, specifications, and a system for managing configuration.5.3 Change ManagementChanges come about from a variety of sources: changes for improvements to a design, as a resultof safety of flight issues, or in response to a change in the standards themselves.All changes mu

33、st be managed in order to maintaincompliance to the applicable standards throughout the products lifecycle. Failure to manage and track changes will result innon-compliance.5.4 DocumentationThe implementation of the consensus standards within a certification process depends on compliancewhich is not

34、 merely declared, but also verifiable and repeatable. If compliance is not documented, it cannot be assumed. Thoroughdocumentation is essential for providing traceability, supporting compliance and certification activities, and facilitating designcontrol. The manufacturer must be able to fully accou

35、nt for all activity pertaining to the applicable requirements associated withthe aircraft. In addition, any assumptions that are relied upon as part of the design or production process should also be thoroughlydocumented. For parameters that are subject to variation, documentation of the sensitivity

36、 of aircraft performance or conformityto those parameters is also highly recommended.5.5 Plan, Execute, Evaluate, Record (PEER):5.5.1 PlanA systematic plan that covers all elements of compliance, from an overall system for document management anddesign definition to maintenance and continued operati

37、onal support, should be established at the beginning of any compliance-related effort. It should include a process for documenting results to be used as a means of checks and balances. The plan shouldcover all phases of product development, manufacture, and support. Reliance on fleet experience or a

38、necdotal information for anexisting design does not generally meet the minimum requirements for this plan. Processes that are capable of providingtraceability and support proof of compliance as needed should be implemented within each phase.5.5.2 ExecuteSystematic execution to the plan with thorough

39、 documentation is essential to future declarations of compliance.If documentation is not sufficient, either from newly conducted design or test exercise, or from potentially relevant fleet experience,the manufacturer may have to redo testing or analysis.5.5.3 EvaluateAppropriate evaluation of result

40、s in light of each individual requirement and use of planned checks andbalances is critical. Standards are written in terms of minimum requirements such that failure to comply or a lack of ability todemonstrate compliance on any single item in a standard is non-compliance of the entire aircraft or s

41、ystem.5.5.4 RecordAppropriately document all findings that support the applicable requirements. Documents should be clearlyidentified and written so that compliance to the requirements can be easily verified. Document control will also supportconfiguration control.F2930 1636. Compliance Process Over

42、view6.1 OverviewA schematic overview of the compliance process is shown in Fig. 1. One possible path through the light sportaircraft compliance process is provided in Fig. 2. Following these flowcharts does not ensure compliance, nor does implementinga process that differs from these flowcharts nece

43、ssarily mean non-compliance. Manufacturers are responsible for defining,executing and evaluating their own processes for both initial and ongoing compliance.NOTE 1While Fig. 2 ends with signing a statement of compliance for a production aircraft, each aircraft produced does require its own statement

44、of compliance and must comply with the set of standards that are currently in effect at the date of manufacture.6.2 Personnel CertificationA key aspect of the compliance process is ensuring that those responsible for determiningcompliance within the manufacturers organization are appropriately train

45、ed and qualified to do so. This is true regardless of thelevel of CAAoversight applied to the certification process.While it is not the intent of this Guide to mandate training or a particulartraining course, Manufacturers should be aware of any such requirements that the relevant Civil Aviation Age

46、ncy in the countyof first registry of the aircraft may, if desired, impose that mandate training or define limitations of validity and requirements forrecurrent training. The scope discussed in 6.2.1 is intended to be representative of what one might expect to see in an appropriatetraining course.6.

47、2.1 Training ScopeThe training is intended to verify that graduates are able to understand and determine whether an aircraftdesign and the manufacturers operations and processes meet the requirements set forth in the ASTM standards for Light SportAircraft as well as the relevant regulatory framework

48、. The training aims to provide education on the relevant standards, how theyare used, and best practices to help minimize potential negative actions by the applicable CAA through robust demonstration ofcompliance. To achieve this, the training provides understanding of:6.2.1.1 How to assess whether

49、there is adequate substantiation to show compliance to the applicable standards set forth in theASTM standards for light aircraft;6.2.1.2 The requirements to obtain LSA certification, inclusive of design, performance, quality, and continued operationalsafety;6.2.1.3 The various materials that must be provided with the sale of an ASTM compliant aircraft; andFIG. 1 Compliance Program Schematic OverviewF2930 1646.2.1.4 The responsibilities and duties of an ASTM compliant aircraft manufacturer.6.2.1.5 Addit