ASTM F2930-2012 Standard Guide for Compliance with Light Sport Aircraft Standards《符合轻型运动飞行器标准的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2930 12Standard Guide forCompliance with Light Sport Aircraft Standards1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2930; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This document provides guidance to assist manufactur-ers in understanding and meeting ASTM standards for lightsport aircraft. This guidance mate

3、rial presents philosophies,practices and considerations recommended by industry consen-sus, but does not present technical or business requirementsthat must be met.1.2 It is the intent of this guide to provide processes to beconsidered by organizations looking to develop or improveobjective evidence

4、 of compliance for light sport aircraft. Itdoes not attempt to identify all of the standards, regulations orother requirements that may be applicable to a given aircraft,production or testing process.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its

5、 use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2245 Specification for Design and Performance of a LightSport AirplaneF

6、2279 Practice for QualityAssurance in the Manufacture ofFixed Wing Light Sport AircraftF2295 Practice for Continued Operational Safety Monitor-ing of a Light Sport AircraftF2483 Practice for Maintenance and the Development ofMaintenance Manuals for Light Sport AircraftF2626 Terminology for Light Spo

7、rt AircraftF2746 Specification for Pilots Operating Handbook (POH)for Light Sport AirplaneF2839 Practice for Compliance Audits to ASTM Standardson Light Sport Aircraft2.2 Other References:ATA (Air Transport Association) Spec 100, or the neweriSpec 2200Information Standards for Aviation Mainte-nance3

8、FAA JASC (Joint Aircraft System/Component) Codes4Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardiza-tion (MMPDS, formerly MIL-HDBK-5)5CMH-17 (formerly MIL-HDBK-17) for composite materialproperties53. Terminology3.1 The following are a selection of relevant terms. SeeTerminology F2626 for more

9、 definitions and abbreviations.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 compliance packagea set of documents which pro-vides objective, verifiable evidence for compliance to appli-cable ASTM standards.3.2.2 compliance programa set of activities planned for,executed, and for which results are reviewed against ASTMstand

10、ards for the purpose of declaring compliance to a particu-lar standard.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe program may be short and simpleor extensive and comprehensive, depending on the standard orpurpose of the program (for example, initial design versusmodification).3.2.3 continued compliance activitywork that

11、 is con-ducted as part of the ongoing support and production of anaircraft following the initial design definition and statement ofcompliance.3.2.4 control drawingdiscloses engineering form, fit,function, and performance requirements for the acquisition ofpurchased items of existing designs, or of i

12、tems speciallydeveloped by vendors.3.2.4.1 DiscussionA control drawing facilitates accurateprocurement of vendor-developed items without disclosingdetails of designs or divulging proprietary vendor data.3.2.5 declaration of compliancethe official statement by amanufacturer that an aircraft meets the

13、 applicable light sportaircraft standards as specified by the relevant CAA.3.2.6 manufacturerany entity engaged in the productionof a light sport aircraft which is responsible for completing allcompliance-related paperwork and assertions of compliance.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Co

14、mmittee F37 on Light SportAircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F37.70 on Cross Cutting.Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published April 2012. DOI: 10.1520/F2930-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at ser

15、viceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from http:/www.airlines.org.4Available from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 800 IndependenceAve., SW, Washington, DC 20591, http:/www.faa.gov.5Availabl

16、e from http:/.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.6.1 DiscussionThe manufacturer is also responsiblefor identifying each aircraft produced; for stating that eachaircraft complies with the applicable requirements, conf

17、orms toits own design definition and has performed acceptably on allnecessary ground and flight testing; and for continued moni-toring and correction of safety-of-flight issues.3.3 Acronyms:3.3.1 AMMAircraft Maintenance Manual3.3.2 BOMBill of Materials3.3.3 CAACivil Aviation Authority3.3.4 CAD/CAMCo

18、mputer Aided Design/ComputerAided Manufacturing3.3.5 COS/COSMContinued Operational Safety/Monitoring3.3.6 COTSCommercial Off-The-Shelf3.3.7 FTSFlight Training Supplement3.3.8 IPBIllustrated Parts Breakdown (aka IPC, Inte-grated Parts Catalogue, Illustrated Parts Catalog)3.3.9 LSALight Sport Aircraft

19、3.3.10 MCCLMaster Compliance Check List3.3.11 MOCMeans of Compliance3.3.12 MTSMade to Spec3.3.13 NHANext Higher Assembly3.3.14 OEMOriginal Equipment Manufacturer3.3.15 POHPilot Operating Handbook (aka AFM, Air-craft Flight Manual; aka AOI, Aircraft Operating Instructions)3.3.16 QAQuality Assurance3.

20、3.17 QAMQuality Assurance Manual3.3.18 QAPQuality Assurance Program3.3.19 QARQuality Assurance Record3.3.20 QCQuality Control3.3.21 UMUnit of Measure4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide provides some major themes and examplesfor consideration related to compliance which are not neces-sarily capture

21、d in any single standard pertinent to light sportaircraft. The outline of this document is intended to looselyreflect the process that an organization would go through inorder to reach and maintain production of a light sport aircraftthat is demonstrably compliant with the applicable ASTMstandards.4

22、.2 These considerations are applicable to manufacturerswhich are responsible for conformity to processes and proce-dures required in ASTM standards for light sport aircraft.Manufacturers are encouraged to think through the contents ofthis guide, reference the ASTM light sport aircraft standards,esta

23、blish, document and follow their own procedures.4.3 Manufacturers are responsible for determining whichstandards and revisions thereof are part of the regulatorypackage of any given CAA, along with any other requirementsapplicable within the agencys jurisdiction.4.4 Following this guide does not ens

24、ure compliance of aparticular light sport aircraft; however, following the explana-tions provided herein should assist manufacturers in avoidingcommon pitfalls of declaring compliance prematurely, deter-mining shortcomings in current declarations of compliance,and maintaining a body of documentation

25、 sufficient to supporta declaration of compliance.5. Key Themes5.1 The following key concepts are essential to the compli-ance process and can be seen throughout this guide. Manufac-turers are encouraged to keep these themes in mind.5.2 Configuration ControlOver the course of the devel-opment or com

26、pliance program, or both, the configurationshould be captured such that the specifics of the compliantdesign are characterized, traceable, and documented. Thisincludes elements such as definition, source, specifications, anda system for managing configuration.5.3 Change ManagementChanges come about

27、from avariety of sources: changes for improvements to a design, as aresult of safety of flight issues, or in response to a change in thestandards themselves.All changes must be managed in order tomaintain compliance to the applicable standards throughout theproducts lifecycle. Failure to manage and

28、track changes willresult in non-compliance.5.4 DocumentationThe implementation of the consensusstandards within a certification process depends on compliancewhich is not merely declared, but also verifiable and repeat-able. If compliance is not documented, it cannot be assumed.Thorough documentation

29、 is essential for providing traceability,supporting compliance and certification activities, and facili-tating design control. The manufacturer must be able to fullyaccount for all activity pertaining to the applicable require-ments associated with the aircraft. In addition, any assumptionsthat are

30、relied upon as part of the design or production processshould also be thoroughly documented. For parameters that aresubject to variation, documentation of the sensitivity of aircraftperformance or conformity to those parameters is also highlyrecommended.5.5 Plan, Execute, Evaluate, Record (PEER):5.5

31、.1 PlanA systematic plan that covers all elements ofcompliance, from an overall system for document managementand design definition to maintenance and continued operationalsupport, should be established at the beginning of anycompliance-related effort. It should include a process fordocumenting resu

32、lts to be used as a means of checks andbalances. The plan should cover all phases of product devel-opment, manufacture, and support. Reliance on fleet experi-ence or anecdotal information for an existing design does notgenerally meet the minimum requirements for this plan.Processes that are capable

33、of providing traceability and supportproof of compliance as needed should be implemented withineach phase.5.5.2 ExecuteSystematic execution to the plan with thor-ough documentation is essential to future declarations ofcompliance. If documentation is not sufficient, either fromnewly conducted design

34、 or test exercise, or from potentiallyrelevant fleet experience, the manufacturer may have to redotesting or analysis.5.5.3 EvaluateAppropriate evaluation of results in lightof each individual requirement and use of planned checks andbalances is critical. Standards are written in terms of minimumreq

35、uirements such that failure to comply or a lack of ability todemonstrate compliance on any single item in a standard isnon-compliance of the entire aircraft or system.F2930 1225.5.4 RecordAppropriately document all findings thatsupport the applicable requirements. Documents should beclearly identifi

36、ed and written so that compliance to the require-ments can be easily verified. Document control will alsosupport configuration control.6. Compliance Process Overview6.1 A schematic overview of the compliance process isshown in Fig. 1. One possible path through the light sportaircraft compliance proc

37、ess is provided in Fig. 2. Followingthese flowcharts does not ensure compliance, nor does imple-menting a process that differs from these flowcharts necessarilymean non-compliance. Manufacturers are responsible for de-fining, executing and evaluating their own processes for bothinitial and ongoing c

38、ompliance.NOTE 1While Fig. 2 ends with signing a statement of compliance fora production aircraft, each aircraft produced does require its ownStatement of Compliance and must comply with the set of standards thatare currently in effect at the time.7. Product Definition7.1 DocumentationEstablishing t

39、he actual product defini-tion early in the design process is necessary for success incertification. Setting the aircraft configuration and controllingchange to that configuration aids in cost minimization as well.In addition to setting and documenting the intended design,configuration, and processes

40、, confirming that those processesare being applied to consistently produce the intended productis critical to the manufacturers compliance. Design details thatare related to a particular regulatory requirement should beclearly identified and traceable as such, with all associatedanalysis and testing

41、 information clearly referenced/identified.7.2 Design Definition“Design definition” refers to de-tailed engineering or machine drawings, or electronic CAD/CAM data of equivalent detail that fully defines in-house,vendor, and internationally recognized standard componentsand assemblies. Vendor items

42、and internationally recognizedstandard parts may be sufficiently defined by reference to thegoverning vendor item or the associated recognized standard.If specification or control drawings are utilized, they should bemaintained as part of the design definition package for theaircraft. It is strongly

43、 recommended that design documentationbe organized under a logical and consistent system that allowsfor revision and approval tracking. Manufacturers shouldmaintain a complete and current design definition for anyproduct they wish to declare compliant. Manufacturers mayfind some of the referenced do

44、cuments (for example, ATAiSpec 2200) useful in defining their item numbering andorganization system. All design definition should:FIG. 1 Compliance Program Schematic OverviewF2930 1237.2.1 Conform to good drawing practice, including appro-priate tolerances;7.2.2 Include reference to process or mater

45、ial specificationsthat are key to item characteristics; and7.2.3 Be part of a revision control history with revisioninformation clearly identified and easily accessible.7.3 Specifications, Standards and Other RequirementsSpecifications necessary to define the product are a part of thecompliance pack

46、age. Specifications include items such asmaterial specifications, nationally recognized standards, andmanufacturing or assembly processes.7.4 Product Structure, Bill of Materials (BOM) or PartsListThe product structure lists all of the items (components,subassemblies, consumables, vendor parts, etc.

47、) and itemquantities required to create an instance of the product. Acomplete product structure, or master configuration list, includ-ing both MTS and COTS components, fasteners, and adhesivesfor the LSA is an integral part of the product definition. It isrecommended that a product structure or BOM

48、be structured ina tiered manner that accounts for parts, sub-assemblies andassemblies within the product. Information such as part num-ber and quantity should be included for each line item in theproduct structure. It is also a good place to capture anyacceptable alternatives for a given component a

49、s well asreference documents such as design definitions, specifications,control drawings, consumable materials, bulk materials, andprocesses either through direct inclusion or by reference. Serialnumbers are not included in the product structure, but for itemsfor which a serial number should be recorded in the qualityassurance record (QAR), that requirement may be called out inthe product structure. (See Practice F2279, Section 5.) Moreinformation on the QAR can be found in Section 9. Addition-ally, the product struc