ASTM F2917-2012(2018) Standard Specification for Bicycle Trailer Cycles Designed for Human Passengers.pdf

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1、Designation: F2917 12 (Reapproved 2018) An American National StandardStandard Specification forBicycle Trailer Cycles Designed for Human Passengers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2917; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i

2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers trailer cycles, intended to bepulled behind bicycles, wi

3、th seat post attachment, in order totransport children. It includes test methods for confirming thatthis specification is satisfied.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The units given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 The following safety caveat applies to t

4、he chemical,mechanical, or physical, or a combination thereof, test meth-ods described herein and is meant specifically for thoseperforming the tests (in an effort to provide them with notice totake the appropriate precautions when conducting the tests).This standard does not purport to address all

5、of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,health, and environmental practices and determine the appli-cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in ac

6、cor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 A

7、STM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD1230 Test Method for Flammability of Apparel TextilesD4329 Practice for Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Ap-paratus Exposure of PlasticsF2043 Classification for Bicycle UsageG23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Car

8、bon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Withdrawn 2000)32.2 ANSI Standards:4ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and LabelsANSI Z535.6 Product Safety Information in ProductManuals, Instructions, and Other Collateral Materials2.3 Federal Standards:5Title 16, CFR 1303 Le

9、ad in CoatingsTitle 16, CFR 1500.3(b)(4)(i) Hazardous SubstanceTitle 16, CFR 1500.48 Sharp PointsTitle 16, CFR 1500.49 Sharp EdgesTitle 16, CFR 1501 Small PartsTitle 16, CFR 1512 Requirements for Bicycles, Sections:1512.18(n), Reflector Test3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Sta

10、ndard:3.1.1 lead bicyclethe bicycle used to tow the trailer cycle.3.1.2 normal useapplications described as intended usefor the product found within the manufacturers instructionalliterature.3.1.3 normal use temperaturestemperature range withinwhich it should be anticipated that the trailer cycle ma

11、y be usedto transport children. The range is from 7 to +50C (62).3.1.4 occupanta child or person who is riding the trailercycle.3.1.5 ridera person who controls the lead bicycle to whichthe trailer cycle is attached, and who is responsible for controlof the trailer cycle.3.1.6 trailer cyclea transpo

12、rting device, with a single rearwheel, designed to provide a tandem bicycle riding experiencefor one or two children. The device includes the fasteningarrangements for attaching and towing it behind a lead bicycle.3.1.7 useful product lifecycleallowable range of time forcontinued use of a product fr

13、om the date of manufacture asdescribed within the manufacturers instructional literature.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.10 on Bicycles.Current edition approve

14、d April 1, 2018. Published May 2018. Originallyapproved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F2917 12. DOI:10.1520/F2917-12R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volu

15、me information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Availabl

16、e from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was d

17、eveloped in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14. Requirements

18、4.1 GeneralTrailer cycles shall be designed and manufac-tured such that components with which an occupant may comein contact do not cause injury when used in accordance withthe manufacturers instructions. Exposed surfaces shall be freefrom burrs, sharp edges, and points. Refer to Title 16, CFR1500,

19、Parts 48 and 49, and Title 16, CFR 1501. Trailer cyclesshall be equipped with rear reflectors; pedal reflectors; sidereflectors on the wheel. Refer to Title 16, CFR 1512, Parts 16and 18(n).4.2 EquipmentTrailer cycles shall be equipped with thefollowing equipment: handlebar, seat, pedals, and a drive

20、trainto provide human power to the rear wheel. The seatpost shallhave a minimum insertion marking as defined in Title 16, CFR1512.4.3 Materials:4.3.1 All nonmetallic materials that compose structuralcomponents will be subjected to either (1) 100 h of acceleratedweathering in accordance with Method 1

21、 of Practice G23,or(2) 60 h of accelerated weathering in accordance with PracticeD4329 prior to any testing.4.3.2 All painted materials shall comply with Title 16, CFR1303.4.3.3 Mechanical properties of materials used in the con-struction of trailer cycles shall not fail as a result of exposureto th

22、e temperature variances defined as normal use tempera-tures in 3.1.6 under normal use applications or within usefulproduct lifecycle.4.3.4 Materials known to be a hazardous substance, asdefined in Title 16, CFR 1500.3(b)(4)(i), shall not be used.5. Test Methods5.1 Test OrderPerform the lean angle te

23、st first, thentorsion fatigue test, and then the bump fatigue test on the samesample.5.2 Lean Angle Test:5.2.1 With the trailer cycle attached to a dummy lead bikesimulated by a post mounted to a hinge on the floor as in Fig.1, lean the lead bicycle 25 in each direction.5.2.2 Ensure the trailer cycl

24、e pedals, with the foot surface ofthe pedal horizontal and the pedal crank in its lowest position,do not hit the ground.5.3 Torsion Fatigue TestThe trailer cycle shall bemounted for fatigue testing as in Fig. 2.5.3.1 The trailer cycle wheel is removed.5.3.2 A fixture is created to apply a displaceme

25、nt loadperpendicular to the ground and perpendicular to the centerlineof the trailer cycle, through the rear wheel dropouts.5.3.3 The trailer cycle shall be mounted vertically to arigidly mounted dummy seatpost set at 71 6 2 from horizon-tal at the minimum height recommended by the manufacturer.5.3.

26、4 A fully reversing torsion load shall be applied to thetrailer cycle calculated as follows:Torsion Load Nm!5 (1)137 Nm/31.75 kg!3maximum recommended occupant weight for trailer cycle in kg!For example: If the max rider weight is 50 kg, the torsionload would be 215 Nm, which means if your torsion ar

27、m(labeled asAin Fig. 2) is 0.35 m, the force needed to be appliedto the end of the arm would be 614 N (62.6 kg).FIG. 1 Lean Angle Test FixtureF2917 12 (2018)25.3.5 The test shall be repeated for a total of 20 000 cycles.5.3.6 During testing, the technician shall look for cracks orfractures or separa

28、tion on the entire unit. If the trailer cyclehitch is slipping, the test shall be paused and the trailer cycleshall be realigned to vertical.5.3.7 Remove the trailer cycle from the test equipment andinspect the frame assembly. No part of the assembly shall havefailed.5.4 Bump Fatigue Test:5.4.1 The

29、trailer cycle shall be tested as in Fig. 3.5.4.2 The trailer cycle shall be fitted with weights totaling125 % of the maximum recommended weight, and distributedas in Fig. 3. Load B shall be applied to one side of thehandlebar. It shall be mounted to the handlebar directly, andpositioned so the weigh

30、t is centered 50 mm from the outsideend of the handlebar.5.4.3 The tire shall be inflated to the maximum pressure perthe trailer cycle manufacturer.5.4.4 The test equipment shall be capable of simulating thepassing of the trailer cycle over a bump. The device is aflywheel or drum tester with the tra

31、iler cycle positioned so thewheel sits atop the flywheel. The wheel axle shall be aligned 30to 45 mm behind the axis of the flywheel. The flywheel shallhave a minimum circumference of 2.2 m (diameter of 700mm). The flywheel shall be round within a tolerance of lessthan 5 mm. The flywheel may have mu

32、ltiple bumps only if therunning distance between bumps is greater than 2.2 m. Thehorizontal speed at which the trailers axle approaches thebump shall be no more than 13 km/h (8 mph) and no less than12 km/h (7.5 mph). Mount the trailer cycle onto the testequipment as previously described, and conduct

33、 the test for10 000 cycles of the wheel passing over the bump(s). Thetrailer cycle shall be mounted to be as close to vertical aspossible. The hitch shall be mounted at the lowest height perthe manufacturer typical of recommended use. The drumshould be turning at test speed, and then the trailer cyc

34、lelowered onto the moving drum. The test initially shall be rununder observation for 5 min, and then stopped and the trailercycle inspected. If the hitch slips, resulting in less than verticalalignment, the trailer cycle shall be realigned to vertical. Allnotes shall be recorded on the report.5.4.5

35、Record the hitch mounting height, and where themeasurement was taken.5.4.6 Testing shall be stopped at 10 000 cycles or failure.5.4.7 Remove the trailer cycle from the test equipment andinspect the wheel and frame assemblies. No part of theseassemblies shall have failed.6. Marking, Labeling, and Ins

36、tructions6.1 GeneralAll trailer cycles shall be permanently markedwith information concerning the safe usage of the trailer cycle.The markings shall be in locations easily visible to the user.The trailer cycle shall also be accompanied by instructions onthe proper assembly (where assembly is require

37、d), attachment,usage, removal, disassembly, storage, and maintenance of thetrailer cycle, and general bicycle safety. Instructions shall bewritten in the native language(s) of the country(s) in which thetrailer will be offered for sale, and attached to the trailer, at thetime of purchase.6.2 Where C

38、autions, Warnings, or Danger signals are at-tached to the trailer cycle, they shall comply with the require-ments of ANSI Z535.4. Where Cautions, Warnings, or Dangersignals are in collateral materials, they shall comply withANSIZ535.6.FIG. 2 Torsion Fatigue Test of the Trailer Cycle with Connection

39、to Dummy SeatpostF2917 12 (2018)36.3 Marking and LabelingAll trailer cycles shall be per-manently marked with durable materials, resistant to weather,fading, and abrasion with the following information:6.3.1 Name and address of the manufacturer or importer.6.3.2 Month and year of manufacture.6.3.3 R

40、ecommended maximum safe towing speed.6.3.4 Where the trailer cycle manufacturer requires a differ-ent pressure than that provided by the tire manufacturer, a labelshall be present within 50 mm of the tire valve.6.3.5 Maximum weight capacity of trailer cycle.6.3.6 Required passenger-fitted safety equ

41、ipment, includinga helmet that complies with a recognized bicycle helmetperformance standard.6.3.7 Conditions for use including proper attachment to leadbike, and fastener check, and a reference to the owners manual.6.3.8 Fig. 4 is an example of a typical label.6.4 Instructions:6.4.1 AssemblyIf the

42、trailer cycle is sold in an unas-sembled or partially assembled condition, the manufacturershall provide instructions on how to complete the assembly sothat the trailer cycle can be attached to the bicycle and be readyto accept passengers.6.4.2 AttachmentThe instructions shall include informa-tion o

43、n the procedures to follow in attaching the trailer cycle tothe lead bicycle.FIG. 3 Load Positioning for Bump Fatigue TestNOTE 1The rider weight limit and any other values or websites are provided by the manufacturer of the trailer cycle.FIG. 4 Typical Warning LabelF2917 12 (2018)46.4.3 Suitability

44、of Lead BicycleThe instructions shallidentify the features of the lead bicycle required for propercoupling and list the features suggested for proper towing (forexample, good brakes, wheel size, etc.).6.4.4 UsageThe instructions shall provide the user withdetailed information on how to use the trail

45、er cycle properlyand safely. The following information is the minimum requiredfor compliance with this specification:6.4.4.1 Maximum weight capacity of the trailer cycle, andratio of lead bike rider weight to trailer cycle rider weight.6.4.4.2 General instructions on riding a bicycle while pull-ing

46、a trailer cycle, including:(1) Maximum safe operating speed, both straight line andcornering.(2) Decreased braking performance and longer stoppingdistances.6.4.4.3 Use of available safety equipment (such asreflectors, lights, and certified helmets).6.4.4.4 Minimum age or physical condition requireme

47、ntsfor the passenger(s).6.4.4.5 Explicit information on how the attachment of thetrailer cycle and the added weight of its passenger(s) affect thehandling characteristics of the lead bicycle to which it isattached.6.4.4.6 A recommendation to the user that the lead bicycleundergo a safety check by a

48、qualified bicycle mechanic beforeattaching the trailer cycle to it.6.4.4.7 Information concerning road, weather, or other con-ditions under which the trailer cycle should not be used.6.4.4.8 Proper inflation level for trailer cycle tires.6.4.5 RemovalThe instructions shall contain informationto the

49、user regarding proper detachment of the trailer cyclefrom the lead bicycle.6.4.6 Disassembly and Storage:6.4.6.1 If the trailer cycle requires partial or completedisassembly for storage after removal from the lead bicycle,the instructions shall contain detailed information on thedisassembly procedures.6.4.6.2 The instructions shall also include any specificinformation necessary for the safe storage of the trailer cyclebetween uses, including any safety checks of components priorto the next usage.6.4.7 MaintenanceIf any routine or special mainten