ASTM F2626-2007 Standard Terminology for Light Sport Aircraft《轻型运动航空器的标准术语》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2626 07Standard Terminology forLight Sport Aircraft1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2626; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indic

2、ates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology standard covers definitions of termsand concepts related to light sport aircraft. It is intended toensure the consistent use of terminology thro

3、ughout all F37documents.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 2241 Specification for Continued Airworthiness Systemfor Powered Parachute AircraftF 2242 Specification for Production Acceptance TestingSystem for Powered Parachute AircraftF 2243 Specification for Required Product Information tob

4、e Provided with Powered Parachute AircraftF 2244 Specification for Design and Performance Require-ments for Powered Parachute AircraftF 2245 Specification for Design and Performance of a LightSport AirplaneF 2279 Practice for Quality Assurance in the Manufactureof Fixed Wing Light Sport AircraftF 22

5、95 Practice for Continued Operational Safety Monitor-ing of a Light Sport AircraftF 2316 Specification for Airframe Emergency Parachutesfor Light Sport AircraftF 2317/F 2317M Specification for Design of Weight-Shift-Control AircraftF 2352 Specification for Design and Performance of LightSport Gyropl

6、ane AircraftF 2354 Specification for Continued Airworthiness Systemfor Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport AircraftF 2355 Specification for Design and Performance Require-ments for Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport AircraftF 2356 Specification for Production Acceptance TestingSystem for Lighter-Than-Air Light S

7、port AircraftF 2415 Practice for Continued Airworthiness System forLight Sport Gyroplane AircraftF 2425 Specification for Continued Airworthiness Systemfor Weight-Shift-Control AircraftF 2426 Guide on Wing Interface Documentation for Pow-ered Parachute AircraftF 2427 Specification for Required Produ

8、ct Information tobe Provided with Lighter-Than-Air Light Sport AircraftF 2449 Specification for Manufacturer Quality AssuranceProgram for Light Sport Gyroplane AircraftF 2457 Specification for Required Product Information tobe Provided with Weight-Shift-Control AircraftF 2483 Practice for Maintenanc

9、e and the Development ofMaintenance Manuals for Light Sport AircraftF 2506 Specification for Design and Testing of Fixed-Pitchor Ground Adjustable Light Sport Aircraft PropellersF 2507 Specification for Recreational Airpark DesignF 2563 Practice for Kit Assembly Instructions of AircraftIntended Prim

10、arily for RecreationF 2564 Specification for Design and Performance of a LightSport Glider3. Terminologyairport elevationhighest point on an airports usable run-way. F 2507airshipengine-driven lighter-than-air aircraft that can besteered. F 2354, F 2356, F 2427airshipengine-driven lighter-than-air a

11、ircraft that can besteered, and that sustains flight through the use of either gasbuoyancy or an airborne heater, or both. F 2355annual condition inspectiondetailed inspection accom-plished once a year on a LSAin accordance with instructionsprovided in the maintenance manual supplied with theaircraf

12、t. The purpose of the inspection is to look for anywear, corrosion, or damage that would cause an aircraft tonot be in a condition for safe operation. F 2483AOIaircraft operating instructions F 2279, F 2317/F 2317M, F 2352, F 2425, F 2427, F 2449, F 2457, F 2564A for example, United States Federal A

13、viation Administration. F 2507CLlift coefficient of the aircraft F 2245, F 2564Cmmoment coefficient (Cmis with respect to c/4 point,positive nose up) F 2245, F 2564cmcentimetre F 2317/F 2317MCMOzero lift moment coefficient F 2245, F 2564Cnnormal coefficient F 2245, F 2564CNnormal force coefficient F

14、 2352consumerany person who follows the instructions coveredby this practice to assemble the kit. F 2563daNdeca Newton F 2317/F 2317Mdesign and performance specificationused herein to referto Specifications F 2245 and F 2564. F 2279design maximum aircraft weight, naircraft design maxi-mum weight WMA

15、Xshall be the sum of WWING+ WSUSP.F 2317/F 2317Mdesign maximum trike carriage weight, ndesign maxi-mum trike carriage weight, Wsusp, shall be established so thatit is: (1) highest trike carriage weight at which compliancewith each applicable structural loading condition and eachapplicable flight req

16、uirement is shown, and (2) not less thanthe empty trike carriage weight, Wtkmt, plus a weight ofoccupant(s) of 86.0 kg (189.6 lb) for a single-seat aircraft or150 kg (330.8 lb) for a two-seat aircraft, plus the lesser offull usable fuel or fuel weight equal to 1-h burn at economi-cal cruise at maxim

17、um gross weight. F 2317/F 2317Mdesign useful loadload (other than structure, engine, enclo-sure, and systems) that a lighter-than-air aircraft can carrywhile achieving the design defining performance require-ments. F 2355FFahrenheit F 2317/F 2317MFAAUnited States Federal Aviation Administration.F 24

18、83factor of safety, nmultiplier of limit load to determinedesign ultimate load. F 2352fire proof, adjcapable of withstanding for a period of at least15 min the application of heat by the standard flame.F 2352fire resistant, adjcapable of withstanding for a period of atleast 5 min of heat by standard

19、 flame. F 2352fixed pitch propeller, na propeller with no capacity for pitchsetting adjustment. F 2506flapsany movable high lift device. F 2245, F 2564FPMfeet per minute F 2245FTSflight training supplement F 2457gacceleration as a result of gravity = 32.2 ft/s2F 2245gacceleration as a result of grav

20、ity = 9.81 m/s2F 2564gross weight, ntotal aircraft system weight at takeoff. Thisweight includes anything and everything that is on or a partof the powered parachute aircraft, including, but not limitedto, the wing, risers, fuselage, seats, engine, instruments,wheels, fuel, oil, water, pilot, passen

21、ger, clothing, and soforth. F 2244gross weighttotal aircraft system weight(s) at takeoff. Theweight limits must be established so that it is: (1) thedesigned maximum weight at which compliance with eachapplicable structural loading condition is demonstrated, or(2) the highest weight at which complia

22、nce at each appli-cable flight requirement is demonstrated. F 2355ground adjustable propeller, na propeller whose pitchsetting is adjustable only when the aircraft is on the groundand the propeller is not rotating. F 2506heavy maintenanceany maintenance, inspection, repair, oralteration a manufactur

23、er has designated that requires spe-cialized training, equipment, or facilities. F 2483Hgmercury F 2317/F 2317Mhub, nany device that retains the blades of a propellerassembly. F 2506IASindicated air speed F 2317/F 2317M, F 2352IASindicated air speed (fps, kts, mph) F 2245IASindicated air speed (m/s,

24、 kts) F 2564ICAOInternational Aviation Organization F 2245, F 2352,F 2564in.inch F 2317/F 2317MISAinternational standard atmosphere F 2317/F 2317MKAIkit assembly instructions F 2563kgkilogram F 2317/F 2317Mkt(s)nautical mile per hour (knot) (1 nautical mph = (1852/3600) m/s) F 2317/F 2317Mlbpound (1

25、 lb = 0.4539 kg) F 2317/F 2317Mlighter-than-air aircraftaircraft that can rise and remainsuspended by using contained gas weighing less than the airthat is displaced by the gas.DISCUSSIONAirships may include dynamic lift that derive as muchas 30 % lift from other than buoyancy. F 2354, F 2355, F 235

26、6,F 2427F2626072light sport gyroplane, npowered rotorcraft designed inaccordance with Specification F 2352. F 2415limit load, nmaximum expected static load on a component.F 2352line maintenanceany repair, maintenance, scheduledchecks, servicing, inspections, or alterations not consideredheavy mainte

27、nance that is approved by the manufacturer andis specified in the manufacturers maintenance manual.F 2483LSAlight sport aircraft F 2245, F 2352, F 2564LSA (light sport aircraft)used herein to refer to both LSAairplanes and LSA gliders. F 2295LSA (light sport aircraft)used herein to refer to both LSA

28、airplanes and LSA gliders, including kits. F 2279LSA (light sport aircraft)aircraft designed in accordancewith ASTM standards under the jurisdiction of CommitteeF37 Light Sport Aircraft, for example, Specification F 2244for powered parachutes, Specification F 2245 for airplanes,and Specification F 2

29、352 for gyroplanes. F 2483LSA airplane (light sport aircraft airplane)powered air-craft designed in accordance with Specification F 2245 thatis manufactured and delivered ready to fly. F 2279, F 2295LSA glider (light sport aircraft glider)aircraft designed inaccordance with Specification F 2564 that

30、 is manufacturedand delivered ready to fly. F 2279, F 2295LSA kit (light sport aircraft kit)aircraft designed in accor-dance with Specifications F 2245 or F 2564 that is manufac-tured and delivered as a kit. F 2279LSArepairman inspectionU.S. FAA-certificated repairman(light sport aircraft) with an i

31、nspection rating as defined by14 CFR Part 65, authorized to perform the annual conditioninspection on experimental light sport aircraft, or an equiva-lent rating issued by other civil aviation authorities.DISCUSSIONExperimental LSA do not require the individual per-forming maintenance to hold any FA

32、A airman certificate in the U.S.F 2483LSA repairman maintenanceU.S. FAA-certificated repair-man (light sport aircraft) with a maintenance rating asdefined by 14 CFR Part 65, authorized to perform linemaintenance on aircraft certificated as special LSA aircraft.Authorized to perform the annual condit

33、ion/100-h inspectionon an LSA, or an equivalent rating issued by other civilaviation authorities. F 2483LSG (light sport gyroplane)used in this specification torefer to both light sport gyroplanes and gyroplane kits.F 2449LSGA (light sport gyroplane aircraft)rotary-wing aircraftdesigned in accordanc

34、e with Specification F 2352 that ismanufactured and delivered ready to fly. F 2449LSG kit (light sport gyroplane kit)complete or gyroplaneor gyroplane accessory designed in accordance with Speci-fication F 2352 that is manufactured and delivered as a kit.F 2449mmetre F 2317/F 2317MMACmean aerodynami

35、c chord F 2245maintenance manual(s)manual provided by an LSA manu-facturer or supplier that specifies all maintenance, repairs,and alterations authorized by the manufacturer. F 2483major repair, alteration, or maintenanceany repair, alter-ation, or maintenance for which instructions to complete thet

36、ask excluded from the maintenance manual(s) supplied tothe consumer are considered major. F 2483manufacturerany entity engaged in the production of aLSA. F 2279, F 2295manufacturerany entity engaged in the production of anLSA or component used on an LSA. F 2483manufacturerany entity engaged in the p

37、roduction of aLSG. F 2449manufacturerany entity engaged in the production of a lightsport gyroplane aircraft or light sport gyroplane aircraft kit.F 2415maximum empty weight, WE(kg)largest empty weight ofthe glider, including all operational equipment that is in-stalled in the glider: weight of the

38、airframe, powerplant,required equipment, optional and specific equipment, fixedballast, full engine coolant and oil, hydraulic fluid, and theunusable fuel. Hence, the maximum empty weight equalsmaximum takeoff weight minus minimum useful load:WE= W WU. F 2564maximum empty weight, WE(lb)largest empty

39、 weight ofthe airplane, including all operational equipment that isinstalled in the airplane: weight of the airframe, powerplant,required equipment, optional and specific equipment, fixedballast, full engine coolant and oil, hydraulic fluid, and theunusable fuel. Hence, the maximum empty weight equa

40、lsmaximum takeoff weight minus minimum useful load:WE= W WU. F 2245maximum takeoff weightgross weight limit as defined bythe manufacturer, proven through compliance with thisspecification and placarded on the aircraft as the not-to-exceed gross weight. F 2244, F 2355mbmillibars F 2317/F 2317MMGWmaxi

41、mum gross weight F 2352minimum useful load, WU(kg)where WU= W WE.F 2564minimum useful load, WU(lb)where WU= W WE.F 2245minor repair, alteration, or maintenanceany repair, alter-ation, or maintenance for which instructions provided for inthe maintenance manual(s) supplied to the consumer of theproduc

42、t are considered minor. F 2483MIPmaintenance and inspection procedures F 2457MPRSminimum power required airspeed F 2352MRBMaterials Review Board F 2449nload factor F 2245, F 2564NNewton F 2317/F 2317Mn1airplane positive maneuvering limit load factor F 2245n1glider positive maneuvering limit load fac

43、tor at VAF 2564n2airplane negative maneuvering limit load factor F 2245n2glider positive maneuvering limit load factor at VDF 2564F2626073n3load factor on wheels F 2245n3glider negative maneuvering limit load factor at VAF 2564n4glider negative maneuvering limit load factor at VDF 2564NFPANational F

44、ire Protection Association. F 2507nighthours between the end of evening civil twilight and thebeginning of morning civil twilight.DISCUSSIONCivil twilight ends in the evening when the center of thesuns disc is 6 degrees below the horizon, and begins in the morningwhen the center of the suns disc is

45、6 degrees below the horizon.F 2245operationprocess or action that is part of a series in theassembly of a kit. It is identified by the kit producer as ameans to partition the aircraft assembly task into subgroupsof tasks or processes that allow the consumer to trackprogress or completion of portions

46、 of the kit in an orderlymanner. F 2563overhaulmaintenance, inspection, repair, or alterations thatare only to be accomplished by the original manufacturer ora facility approved by the original manufacturer of theproduct. F 2483overhaul facilityfacility specifically authorized by the air-craft or co

47、mponent manufacturer to overhaul the productoriginally produced by that manufacturer. F 2483permanent recordwhere specified herein, applicable qual-ity assurance records shall be kept for each LSA producedfor as long as the relative airworthiness certificate remains ineffect. F 2279permanent recordw

48、here specified in this specification,applicable quality assurance records shall be kept for eachLSGA produced for as long as the relative airworthinesscertificate remains in effect. F 2449pitch setting, nthe propeller blade setting as determined bythe blade angle measured in a manner, and at a radiu

49、s,specified by the instruction manual for the propeller.F 2506POHPilot Operating Handbook F 2245powered parachute, naircraft comprised of a flexible orsemi-rigid wing connected to a fuselage in such a way thatthe wing is not in position for flight until the aircraft is inmotion. That aircraft has a fuselage with seats, engine, andwheels (or floats), such that the wing and engine cannot beflown without the wheels (or floats) and seat(s). Unique tothe powered parachute is the lar