ASTM F2439-2017 Standard Specification for Headgear Used in Soccer《足球用帽子的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2439 06 (Reapproved 2016)F2439 17 An American National StandardStandard Specification forHeadgear Used in Soccer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio

2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONSoccer is a sport with inherent risks. Participation in the sport implies acceptance of risk of injury.

3、This specification was developed to address forces of some of the incidental (non-ball) head impactsthat may occur while engaging in soccer. Although headgear satisfying this specification may providelimited protection against heading impacts which are generally sub-concussive, heading impacts areno

4、t addressed by this specification. In addition, the issue of multiple sub-concussive impacts is notaddressed here. NoteProtection provided by headgear satisfying this specification is not equivalent tothe protection provided by rigid “helmets” used in many other sports activities. Headgear that meet

5、sthese standard specifications may not provide significant protection in some head impact situations.This specification is intended to be used with other standards and documents listed in theReferenced Documents.1. Scope1.1 This specification defines performance requirements for headgear used for pa

6、rticipation in the sport of soccer. The technicalrequirements in this specification do not address the administrative requirements of soccer governing bodies, so it should not beassumed that any headgear satisfying this specification will be acceptable for use in sanctioned soccer events.1.2 This sp

7、ecification is intended to reduce the forces from external physical sources reaching the defined impact area of thehead in impacts that may occur in the sport of soccer. No headgear can provide protection against all impacts, foreseeable or not.This specification does not address the potential for i

8、njury from any type of impact. The tests specified in this specification arelaboratory simulation tests only, and do not purport to create situations identical to the impacts that may occur during the playingof soccer.1.3 All testing and requirements of this specification shall be in accordance with

9、 Test Methods F1446, except where notedherein. In the event of a discrepancy between the requirements of this specification and those of Test Methods F1446, thisspecification shall prevail.1.4 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specificatio

10、n shall be acertification that the headgear meets all of the requirements of this specification in its entirety. Headgear that fails to meet any oneof the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed the specification and should not be sold with any indicationthat it meets parts o

11、f the specification.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and

12、 healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International

13、 Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.53 o

14、n Headgear and Helmets.Current edition approved April 15, 2016Sept. 1, 2017. Published May 2016October 2017. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 asF2439 06 (2011).(2016). DOI: 10.1520/F2439-06R16.10.1520/F2439-17.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intend

15、ed only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current

16、 versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used in

17、Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Protective Headgear2.2 Other Documents:349 CFR Part 572, Subpart E Anthropometric Test DummiesProcedures for Assembly, Disassembly, and Inspection (PADI) of the Hybrid III 50th Percentile Dummys Nine AccelerometerArray Head (NAAH) with Redundant Head C.

18、G. Accelerometers3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 impact areathe region of the headform within which the center of each impact footprint must fall. F14464. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this specification is to provide reliable and repeatable test methods for the evaluation of headgear f

19、or soccer.Headgear satisfying this specification is intended to reduce forces reaching the head in some of the impacts that may occur insoccer.5. Apparatus5.1 Apparatus used for this testing shall be in accordance with Test Methods F1446 except as noted herein.5.2 Test HeadformsTest headforms used w

20、ith this specification shall be the 50th percentile Hybrid III adult male head andneck assembly, including the upper and lower neck adjusting brackets and all associated hardware. The equipment shall be asdefined in the United States of America Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR Part 572, Subpart E

21、). A complete listing of all partsand components which make up the head and neck assembly is found in Appendix X1; see also Procedures for Assembly,Disassembly, and Inspection (PADI) of the Hybrid III 50th Percentile Dummys Nine Accelerometer Array Head (NAAH) withRedundant Head C.G. Accelerometers.

22、5.2.1 The test headform shall be mounted to a standard monorail or twin-wire system or similar system, as shown in TestMethods F1446. Mass of the entire drop system shall be 8.8 kg 6 5 % (19.4 lb 6 5 %). Accelerometer instrumentation shall beinstalled into the test headform to measure resultant line

23、ar accelerations of the test headform as specified in the section onAccelerometer of Test Methods F1446.5.2.2 The headform center of gravity shall fall within 5 of the vertical axis through the point of impact when the test headformassembly is in the impact position, as described in the Appendix of

24、Test Methods F1446.5.3 Steel Post AnvilThe steel post anvil used in this specification is to represent a nominal 7.62 cm (3 in.) diameter steel post.The anvil shall consist of a 7.62 cm (3 in.) diameter steel bar (65 %) that is welded (or securely attached to similarly minimizevibration between the

25、bar and the plate) in a horizontal position to a steel plate.5.4 Headform AnvilThe headform anvil is a 50th percentile Hybrid III headform and neck assembly as defined in 5.2. Theheadform anvil shall be oriented such that the forehead is in an upright target position. The lower neck bracket shall be

26、 mountedto a rigid structure. The headform anvil shall be positioned such that the only impact between the drop headform and the impactanvil is at the selected impact location, with no other parts of the headform and anvil coming into contact with each other duringthe initial impact. The headform an

27、vil need not be instrumented.5.5 MEP AnvilThe MEP anvil shall be as defined in the section on Modular Elastomer Programmer (MEP) of Test MethodsF1446. The MEP anvil shall be positioned with its upper surface horizontal, such that the only impact between the drop headformand the impact anvil is at th

28、e selected impact location, with no other parts of the headform and anvil coming into contact with eachother during the initial impact.6. Equipment Calibration and System Checks6.1 Instrumentation used in testing shall be calibrated according to the requirements of Test Methods F1446 and 49 CFR Part

29、572, Subpart E.6.2 The 50th percentile Hybrid III adult male test headform used with this specification shall pass a system check according tothe procedures described in Appendix X2. Duration of the system check cycle shall be no more than 12 months.6.3 Instrumentation System CheckThe system instrum

30、entation shall be checked before and after each series of tests bydropping the Hybrid III head and neck assembly (see 5.2) onto the MEP pad (see section on Modular Elastomer Programmer(MEP) of Test Methods F1446 ) at an impact velocity of 2.8 m/s 6 2 %. The head and neck assembly shall be oriented s

31、uch that2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from National Highway Traffic Safety Admi

32、nistration (NHTSA), 400 7th St., NW, Washington, DC 20590.F2439 172the neck of the Hybrid III headform is at a 24 6 1 downward angle relative to the horizontal and the forehead shall contact thecenter of the MEP pad. The peak acceleration obtained during this impact shall be 112 6 8 g. Three such im

33、pacts at intervals of75 6 15 s shall be performed before and after each series of tests. If the average peak acceleration obtained in the pretest impactsdiffers by more than 5 % from the average peak acceleration obtained in the post test impacts, recalibration of the instruments andtransducers must

34、 be carried out, and all data obtained during that series of impact tests shall be discarded.7. Samples for Testing7.1 Conditions and AttachmentsHeadgear shall be tested complete, in the condition as offered for sale. They must satisfy allrequirements of this specification with or without any includ

35、ed attachments.7.2 Number of SamplesA test series requires 12 samples of each size headgear and shall be tested according to the followingschedule (see Table 1).8. Conditioning Requirements8.1 Ambient ConditionFour samples of each size headgear shall be conditioned at the ambient condition defined i

36、nASTMTestMethods F1446.8.2 Low TemperatureThree samples of each size headgear shall be conditioned at the low temperature conditions as definedin Test Methods F1446.8.3 High TemperatureThree samples of each size headgear shall be conditioned at the high temperature conditions as definedin Test Metho

37、ds F1446.8.4 Water ImmersionThree samples of each size headgear shall be conditioned at the water immersion conditions as definedin Test Methods F1446.8.5 Testing of conditioned samples must occur within 10 min after removal of the sample from the conditioning environment.If a sample is out of the c

38、onditioning environment for more than 10 min, it shall be reconditioned 3 min for each minute beyond10 min that it is out of the environment, up to a maximum of 4 h.9. Test Schedule and Procedures9.1 Construction and Materials:9.1.1 ProjectionsThere can be no rigid projections, hard or sharp surface

39、s, or hard or sharp edges on any part or surface ofthe headgear. Non-rigid projections can project no more than 5 mm (0.20 in.) from the primary impact surface of the headgear,must collapse under a static load of 2.27 kg (5 lb) 6 10 %, and must be faired with the base surface of the headgear. Any ri

40、gidor semi-rigid materials used in the headgear must be padded sufficiently so that they satisfy all requirements of this specification.9.1.2 MaterialsMaterials known to cause skin irritation or disease shall not be used in the headgear. Comfort padding, if used,may be detachable for cleaning. If ch

41、emicals such as hydrocarbons, cleaning fluids, paints, or transfers and other additions willaffect the headgear adversely, a warning to this effect shall be provided.9.2 LabelingEach headgear shall be marked in such a way that the following information is easily legible by the user and islikely to r

42、emain legible throughout the life of the headgear. The first five items in the following list must be physically attachedto the headgear; other items may be explained on the packaging or instructions that accompany the headgear, or both.9.2.1 Model designation, if appropriate.9.2.2 Name and contact

43、information of manufacturer.9.2.3 Alabel that warns the user that no headgear can protect against all foreseeable impacts, and that for maximum protection,the headgear must be fitted and attached properly to the wearers head in accordance with the manufacturers fitting instructions.TABLE 1 Sample Te

44、st ScheduleHead toForeheadImpactsHead toPostImpactsHead toMEPImpactsMultipleImpactsto MEPNumberofImpactsHeadgear 1, Ambient X 1Headgear 2, Hot X 1Headgear 3, Cold X 1Headgear 4, Wet X 1Headgear 5, Ambient X 1Headgear 6, Hot X 1Headgear 7, Cold X 1Headgear 8, Wet X 1Headgear 9, Ambient X 1Headgear 10

45、, Hot X 1Headgear 11, Cold X 1Headgear 12, Wet X 1Headgear 1, Ambient X X 6F2439 1739.2.4 A statement that this headgear satisfies the requirements of ASTM Specification F2439.9.2.5 Astatement that this headgear is intended to reduce head impact forces while playing soccer, and shall not be used as

46、headprotection for other activities.9.2.6 Astatement warning the user that the headgear can be damaged by contact with common substances, for example, certainsolvents, cleaners, and so forth, and that this damage may not be visible to the user. The label should also list any recommendedcleaning agen

47、ts or procedures, or both.9.3 Marking the Impact AreaThe impact area is an angled band encircling the entire head, 50 mm (2.0 in.) 610 % in linearheight. Using a 50th percentile male Hybrid III head and neck assembly, place the test headform in an orientation such that thebase of the skull is horizo

48、ntal (see Fig. 1). Draw a line 25 mm (1.0 in.) above the design cg of the Hybrid III test headform andparallel to the base of the skull and define this line as AA. Point A is the intersection of the line AA and the front profile of thetest headform. Using point A as a guide, draw a line AB that is a

49、ngled 12 downward to the rear of the test headform (relative topoint A). Draw a line CD that is 50 mm (2.0 in.) above and parallel to the line AB. The area included within the region ABCDshall be defined as the impact area.9.4 Shock Attenuation Impact Tests:9.4.1 Prior to impact testing, conduct the instrumentation system check (see 6.3).9.4.2 The anvils to be used for impact tests in this specification are a headform anvil, a steel post anvil, and an MEP pad (tosimulate impact on the ground).9.4.3 Place the headgear to be tested on the test headform in