ASTM F2348-2004(2017) Standard Performance Specification for Privacy Padlocks《私人用挂锁的标准性能规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2348 04 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Performance Specification forPrivacy Padlocks1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2348; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A n

2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers functional, operational, andsecurity requirements for padlocks. Included are functiondescriptions, operational

3、 tests, forcing tests, and surreptitiousentry tests.1.2 This specification describes and grades various levels ofperformance to provide users of the specification with criteriaupon which to select suitable padlocks.1.3 Tests described are laboratory tests, and although theysimulate field conditions

4、as to attacks, they do not duplicatethese conditions. Tests described are repeatable in the labora-tory.1.4 Some users of this specification may wish to usepadlocks that have special attributes not related to security.1.5 This specification describes and grades various levels ofperformance provided

5、by limited dual custody operation.1.6 The specific padlocks included have shackles of limiteddiameter, permitting attachment to existing zipper slides andzipper pulls and other devices provided for closure.1.7 These padlocks are considered “privacy padlocks” of-fering limited protection to forced at

6、tack similar to thatprovided by tamper-indicative security seals. A successfulforced attack would be indicated by the damage done to thepadlock. For padlocks offering greater protection to forcedattack, the user is directed to Performance Specification F883.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to b

7、e regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses areprovided for information only.1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portions, Sections 811, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address the safety concerns, ifany, associated

8、with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F883 Performance Specification for Padlocks3. Terminology3.1 Defin

9、itions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 acceptance testing, vto assure by documented test-ing that a padlock meets specific tests of Specification F2348 asagreed to by the buyer and seller.3.1.2 case, nhousing or body of a lock or latch.3.1.3 certified, vto assure by documented testing that

10、apadlock meets all test requirements appropriate to its grading.3.1.4 combination lock, nlock that is operated by localinput of a specific series or sequence of numbers or letters.3.1.5 cylinder, ncomplete operating unit which usuallyconsists of the plug, shell, tumblers, springs, plug retainer, aca

11、m/tailpiece or other actuating device, and all other necessaryoperating parts.3.1.6 cylinder bitting, ngroup of numbers that representthe bitting of a key or the tumblers, or both, of a lock orcylinder.3.1.7 decode, vto determine a key combination by physi-cal measurement of a key or cylinder parts,

12、 or both.3.1.8 heel, npart of a padlock shackle that normally isretained in the case when in the unlocked position.3.1.9 independent dual custody, adjfunction of a mecha-nism that allows access by two different people with differentcredentials.3.1.10 keyway, nthe opening in a lock or cylinder that i

13、sshaped to accept a key bit or blade of a proper configuration.3.1.11 manipulate, vdialing process typically used withcombination locks to determine operational status of the lock,potential combinations, or attempt to free the mechanism.3.1.12 manipulation, nopening method for mechanicalcombination

14、locks that uses the tolerances of that lock todetermine an opening combination.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 onSecurity Systems and Equipmentand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF12.50 on Locking Devices.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Publish

15、ed March 2017. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2348 04 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/F2348-04R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,

16、 refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization esta

17、blished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.13 padlock, ndetachable and portable lock with ashackle that locks into its case.3.1.14 pick, vto ma

18、nipulate tumblers in a keyed lockmechanism through the keyway, without obvious damage, bymeans other than the specifically designed key.3.1.15 plug, npart of a cylinder that contains the keyway,with tumbler chambers usually corresponding to those in thecylinder shell.3.1.16 rap, vto unlock a padlock

19、 shackle from its case bystriking the case to disengage the locking mechanism.3.1.17 removable cylinder, ncylinder that can be removedfrom a locking device by a key or tool, or both.3.1.18 shackle, npart of a padlock that passes through anopening in an object or fits around an object and is ultimate

20、lylocked into the case.3.1.19 tamper-indicative device (tid), nmechanical devicewhose physical change in state is an obvious indication oftamper3.1.20 toe, npart of a padlock shackle that is normallyreleased from the case in the unlocked position.3.1.21 tumbler, nmovable obstruction of varying size

21、andconfiguration in a lock or cylinder that makes direct contactwith the key or another tumbler and prevents an incorrect keyor torquing device from activating the lock or other mecha-nism.3.1.22 zipper slide, nmovable device that opens andcloses a zipper.3.1.23 zipper pull, nelement attached to a z

22、ipper slide tofacilitate movement.4. Classification of Functions4.1 Types of Padlocks:4.1.1 Type P01Key operated.4.1.2 Type P02Combination operated.4.1.3 Type P03Frangible element operated.4.1.4 Type P04Replaceable frangible element operated.4.1.5 Type P05Independent custody operated.4.2 GradesFour

23、levels of performance are described inthis specification with Grade 0 the lowest and Grade 3 thehighest.4.3 Options:4.3.1 Option AKey is captive in cylinder when padlock isunlocked.4.3.2 Option BNot used in this specification.4.3.3 Option CNon-changeable combination.4.3.4 Option DCombination operate

24、d with key control.5. General Requirements5.1 InferencesCylinder picking, rapping, and decoding aredescribed in this specification. Since the skill of the persondoing the testing has a direct bearing on the results of the tests,one of each test shall be conducted by three different personshaving exp

25、erience of not less than one year of approximatelythe same skill level and the results averaged for determiningrelative levels of performance.5.2 Tolerances:5.2.1 Fixture TolerancesAll tolerances shall follow stan-dard machining practices unless otherwise specified.5.2.2 Test Setup Tolerances:5.2.2.

26、1 Force: 0.5 % of working range.5.2.2.2 Height: 63 mm (0.12 in.)5.2.2.3 Torque: 4.0 % of reading.5.3 TemperatureAll tests shall be conducted between 16and 27C (61 and 81F).5.4 Test ReportsAll test reports shall be dated.6. Test Specimens6.1 Select specimens for test at random from the manufac-turers

27、 finished stock of each size and model being certified bythe manufacturer.6.2 Padlocks may be used for multiple tests if previous testswould not influence subsequent test results.6.3 Select four padlocks for the forcing tests. For surrepti-tious entry tests, select five padlocks for each test requir

28、ed.Select one padlock for the cycle test.7. Preparation of Apparatus7.1 Tensile Loading DeviceProvide a tensile loading de-vice having a load and force measuring capacity of 1142 to2855 mm/N (200 to 500 in./lb).8. Test Methods8.1 Forcing Tests (see Table 1)8.1.1 Tensile Test8.1.1.1 ScopeThe subject

29、privacy class of padlock is not asecurity padlock. Any can be forced using simple well-knownattack methods. It is important that any successful forcingattack leaves clear evidence of the event.8.1.1.2 Significance and UseThe forcing tests to be per-formed establish grade levels for tensile (pulling

30、the shackleTABLE 1Grade per ASTM F2348Description Units 0 P1 P2 P3Shackle Diameter mm 3.0 3.0 4.0 5.0TABLE 1 Forcing Tests Required Values Units 0 F1 F2 F3Forcing tests Tensile Test lb 200 200 350 500Shackle Cutting Test lb 500 500 1000 2000Evidence of Forced Attack no yes yes yesNon-Functioning aft

31、er Forced Attack no yes yes yesF2348 04 (2017)2from the body) and shearing (cutting the shackle). These testsrepresent the vulnerability that should be demonstrated andgraded (Table 1).8.1.1.3 Procedure (see 7.1)Support the locked padlock ina fixture bearing against the top surface of the case witho

32、utinterfering with the shackle or giving support through the topof the case to the shackle-retaining mechanism. Apply therequired force slowly along the vertical centerline of thepadlock in a direct and equal tension on each leg of the shackle.Failure occurs if the padlock opens and can be relocked.

33、8.1.1.4 Precision and BiasThe precision and bias of thistest method are being determined and will be supplied withinfive years.8.1.2 Shackle Cutting Test (does not apply if test cannot beperformed)Shackles shall withstand cutting through whentwo shearing blades made of a steel hardened to a minimumh

34、ardness of Rc 50, are used in conjunction with the bladepositioning holder, is placed in a tensile loading device (see7.1) having a compression load capability and compressed withthe required force. See Fig. 1 for details. Failure occurs if theTABLE 2TABLE 2 Surreptitious Entry TestsRequired ValuesU

35、nits0 S1S2S3Surreptitious Entry Tests Picking or Manipulating Test s 30 30 100 180Rap Test s 5 5 10 20NOTE 1Item No. 1 may be made as a multi-piece part that could be assembled by either bolt or weld construction.FIG. 1 (Sheet 1) Shackle Cutting Fixture and Blades (See Table 3 for Bill of Material)F

36、2348 04 (2017)3shackle is cut through.8.2 Surreptitious Entry Tests (see Table 2)8.2.1 Picking or Manipulating Test:8.2.1.1 ScopeCylinders in padlocks shall resist picking(see 5.1) for the required time. Combination padlocks shallresist manual manipulation (see 5.1) for the required time.8.2.1.2 Sig

37、nificance and UseThis test represents an addi-tional vulnerability of these simple mechanisms. The criteriafor time to defeat represents the realistic performance to beexpected. The manufacturer must incorporate the appropriatemechanisms and materials to achieve the performance valuesfound in Tables

38、 1 and 2. The user can distinguish the levels ofperformance suitable to his application by use of the gradesprovided in Tables 1 and 2.8.2.1.3 ProcedureCylinders in padlocks submitted for testcontaining pin tumblers shall be loaded using one each of thelongest and the shortest bottom pins furnished

39、by the manu-facturers with the remaining chambers loaded with other sizes.Cylinders in padlocks containing other tumbler elements shallbe loaded using maximum ranges. If lock design and cylindersused are the same in several different sizes of padlockssubmitted for testing, only a total of five sampl

40、es of any size orsizes need to be tested.8.2.1.4 The tools used for this test shall be manual manipu-lating tools required by the operator, providing no visiblemarks are left detectable by the unaided eye.8.2.1.5 Precision and BiasThe precision and bias of thistest method are being determined and wi

41、ll be supplied withinfive years.8.2.2 Rap Test:8.2.2.1 ScopeThe purpose of the rap test is to determine ifa lock with a spring bolt can be opened via a sharp impact tothe lock case that will withdraw the spring bolt from theshackle through inertia. For the test to work, a degree of tensileforce must

42、 be applied to the shackle or the lock body in theopening direction while the test is being conducted.8.2.2.2 Significance and UsePadlocks shall resist success-ful rapping on the cylinder and case (see 5.1) for the requiredtime. The criteria for time to defeat represents the realisticperformance to

43、be expected. The manufacturer must incorpo-rate the appropriate mechanisms and materials to achieve theperformance values found in Tables 1 and 2. The user candistinguish the levels of performance suitable to his applicationby use of the grades provided in Tables 1 and 2.8.2.2.3 ProcedureUse handhel

44、d tools. The amount of thatforce is critical to the test and will be determined in thefollowing manner:(1) With the shackle in the open position, the force requiredto push the shackle into the locked position should be mea-sured. That measurement value shall be multiplied by 110 % todetermine the op

45、timum tensile force used on the shackle orlock body while the rap test is being conducted.(2) With the shackle and body under the required tensileforce in the unlocking direction, the body of the lock shall bestruck with a plastic or rawhide mallet in a rapping motion inthe unlocking direction of th

46、e spring bolt. This rapping actionshould have a force not less than12 of the force required topush the shackle into the locked position and shall continue ata rate of impact not to exceed 1 impact per 1 s, and not lessthan 1 per 1.5 s.8.2.2.4 If the shackle fails to unlock during this test, the lock

47、passes.8.2.2.5 Precision and BiasThe precision and bias of thistest method are being determined and will be supplied withinfive years.9. Acceptance Criteria9.1 A failure of any one padlock in the forcing testsconstitutes a failure of the complete test. See Section 8 foracceptance criteria for surrep

48、titious entry tests.9.2 Padlocks shall meet all the required values set forth inTables 1 and 2 as applicable to qualify for the applicable gradelevel of 0 through 3.9.3 In the tests described in Sections 8, a test failure willhave occurred if the padlock can be relocked at the conclusionof the testi

49、ng.9.4 Users may want padlocks exceeding the required criteriaof one or more of the tests in a given grade level. Manufac-turers may identify the grade level and levels of performanceexceeding the requirements for that class (see Appendix X1).10. Precision and Bias10.1 Where dimensions and weights are described for vari-ous test apparatus and no maximums or minimums are given,a combined bias of 62 % is permitted.11. Keywords11.1 padlocks; privacy padlocks; security padlocksTABLE 3 Bill of Material (Fig. 1)Detail No. No. Requ