ASTM F2276-2010(2015) Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment《健身器材的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2276 10 (Reapproved 2015) An American National StandardStandard Specification forFitness Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufacturing practices for stationaryfitness equipmen

3、t. Through these specifications this standard aims to assist designers and manufac-turers in producing functional, safe products under proper operations. This standard specifies safetyrequirements that are generally applicable to all stationary fitness equipment. For specific types offitness equipme

4、nt, these requirements shall be supplemented or superseded by the requirements ofspecific standards that have been issued to cover these specific types or groups of fitness products.Where specific standards exist, this standard should be used in conjunction with the other standards.Special care is r

5、equired in applying this standard alone to equipment for which no specific standardexists.The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily preventinjuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipment involves the risk of injury,particula

6、rly if the equipment is used improperly.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes parameters for the designand manufacture of fitness equipment as defined in 3.1.9.1.2 It is intended that these fitness products be used in anindoor setting or environment.1.3 It is the intent of this specification to

7、 specify productsfor use by individuals age 13 and above.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theres

8、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and Fitness Fa-cility Safety Signage and Labels2

9、.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI B29.1 Precision Power Transmission Roller Chains,Attachments and Sprockets2.3 European Standards:4EN 957-1 Stationary Training Equipment-Part 1: GeneralSafety Requirements and Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accessible area,

10、narea accessible to the user or thirdparty when the equipment is in normal use, during setting up,grasping, or adjusting of equipment or position of the body.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis area encompasses a region fromthe floor to a height of 1800 mm (71 in.) above the floor. Thisdoes not include areas tha

11、t are accessible during the initialassembly.3.1.2 applied handgrips, nhandgrip that is formed,molded, or attached to a support, component, or structure.3.1.3 consumer fitness equipment, nfitness equipment in-tended for use by one person or one family unit.3.1.4 corner, nintersection of three planes

12、or surfaces on asingle component.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.30 on Fitness Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Origina

13、llyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2276 10. DOI:10.1520/F2276-10R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docum

14、ent Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), 36 rue deStassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cenorm.be.Copyright

15、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.5 cycle, nmovement of a point or load from a startingposition and back to the same starting position.The cycle beingexecuted through the full range of intended motion.3.1.6 edge, nintersectio

16、n of two planes or surfaces on asingle component.3.1.7 entrapment, narea that captures and requires force inexcess of one pound to remove the test finger in EN 957-1.3.1.8 extrinsic loads, nall loads applied to the machine oruser means in addition to the users body weight.3.1.9 fitness equipment, nm

17、echanical device or hardwaredesigned for use in exercising specific or multiple muscles ofthe body.3.1.9.1 DiscussionNot to include toys used for recreation,jump ropes, outdoor or indoor playground equipment orfacilities, bicycles or other fitness soft goods such as gloves,belts, apparel, balls, and

18、 so forth.3.1.10 general warning label, nlabel designed within thescope of this specification and Specification F1749 which isaffixed to a portion of the fitness equipment and draws attentionto potential hazards associated with the use of that equipment.3.1.11 guard, ncover or enclosure that limits

19、access to,without the use of tools, an otherwise accessible area.3.1.12 inaccessible area, narea inaccessible to the user ofthe machine but accessible to technicians or service personnel.3.1.13 institutional fitness equipment, nfitness equipmentintended for use by numerous persons in a commercial or

20、institutional facility, as opposed to home environment.3.1.14 integral handgrips, nhandgrips that are created by,coating, texturing or other means, the material of a componentor support structure.3.1.15 intended use, nuse of the fitness equipment asdescribed in the manual or as is readily apparent f

21、rom theintended use as fitness equipment.3.1.16 intrinsic loads, nthe loads applied to fitness equip-ment due only to the users body weight.3.1.17 maximum specified load, nmaximum working loadfor the machine as set by the manufacturer.3.1.18 maximum tension developed, nmaximum statictensile load exp

22、erienced by a connector, fitting, rope, belt,chain, or other means, during use of the machine at themaximum specified load for the machine including all extrinsicloads.3.1.19 owners/users manual, ndocumentation suppliedand intended by the manufacturer to convey information,including safety features

23、and warnings, to the owner/user aboutthe equipment.3.1.20 pinch point, nlocation between two moving com-ponents or the location between a moving and fixed componentthat, when entered, causes a portion of the body to becomeentrapped.3.1.21 pulley, n component that guides ropes or belts andredirects t

24、he forces of the rope or belt.3.1.22 pull in point, nlocation between two movingcomponents, or the location between a moving and a fixedcomponent, that when entered causes a portion of the body tobe pulled into and entrapped between the components.3.1.23 range of movement, nspace in which the user o

25、rpart of the user is moving when using the machine inaccordance to the instructions supplied by the manufacturer.3.1.24 resistance means, nfor the purpose of thisspecification, the device or system that, when varied by theuser, increases or decreases the force encountered by the userthrough the user

26、 means. For the purpose of the specification,such means include weights, pneumatic cylinders, or electronicsystems and their controls.3.1.25 shear point, nlocation at which parts move pastone another or past a fixed point in such a manner that, whenentered, causes a portion of the body to become ent

27、rapped in ascissors action between the components.3.1.26 site specific label, nlabel designed within the scopeof this specification and Specification F1749 which is affixed toa portion of the strength equipment and draws attention to apotential hazard in the immediate area of the label.3.1.27 statio

28、nary training equipment, nequipment that isused to exercise or to train muscles or muscle groups that doesnot travel or move across the ground as a unit during use.3.1.28 third party, nsomeone other than the user who is inthe immediate area of the fitness equipment when it is in use.3.1.29 training

29、envelope, nmaximum space in which theuser and machine components traverse when the machine isoperated in accordance with the instructions.3.1.30 user weight (maximum), nmanufacturer definedweight of the exerciser that the equipment was designed tosafely accommodate.4. Design and Construction Require

30、ments4.1 Stability:4.1.1 Fitness equipment shall be stable while in storage,unloaded, and in the intrinsically and extrinsically loaded useconditions.4.2 Support:4.2.1 Fitness equipment shall support the user and anyadditional loads applied by the user in normal operationwithout breakage. Examples i

31、nclude: seats, foot rests,backrests, etc.4.3 Edges, Corners, and Tube Ends:4.3.1 EdgesAll edges in accessible areas shall be free ofburrs and sharp edges.4.3.2 CornersAll corners in accessible areas shall beradiused or chamfered.4.3.3 Tube EndsTube ends in the exposed accessible areasshall be closed

32、 off either by other components or by plugs.Plugs shall remain in place during normal operation andstorage.4.4 Guarding and Entrapment in Accessible Areas:4.4.1 GeneralPinch, shear, and crush points in the acces-sible area as defined in 3.1.1, 3.1.20, and 3.1.25 shall beavoided or guarded. In the ev

33、ent that the hazard can not beremoved or guarded, a site specific warning label shall beF2276 10 (2015)2present alerting the user or third party to the presence of thehazard. Guarding is not required if a minimum clearancebetween affected components of 60 mm (2.36 in.) can bemaintained. Exceptions t

34、o this requirement are as follows:4.4.1.1 FingersIf during operation or adjustment of theequipment the only portion of the body that could becomeentrapped is the fingers then the spacing between the affectedcomponents shall be less than 9.5 mm (0.37 in.) or greater than25 mm (0.98 in.).4.4.1.2 Third

35、 Party AccessIf during the intended use ofthe product, third party access to the affected area of themachine is prevented by the users body placement or if theuser can immediately stop the movement of the affectedcomponents then the spacing between the affected componentsshall be at least 25 mm (0.9

36、8 in.).4.4.1.3 Component(s) Moving Past FixedComponent(s)In general, the guidelines in the previoussections shall be followed. However, if during the intendedoperation or adjustment, a component moves past a fixedcomponent in such a manner that no shear or pinch points arecreated, then the spacing b

37、etween the fixed component and themoving component shall be less than 9.5 mm (0.37 in.) orgreater than 25 mm (0.98 in.).4.4.1.4 Component StopsOpen and obvious stops formoving components are excluded.4.4.1.5 Chain or Gear DrivesChain or gear drives onfitness equipment shall be guarded in accordance

38、with ANSIB29.1.4.5 OverheatingNo external nonmetallic surface shallachieve a temperature exceeding 85C (185F). No externalmetallic surface shall achieve a temperature exceeding 60C(140F).4.6 Control PanelIf it is intended for the user to vary thefunction of the equipment during its intended use, the

39、n thecontrol panel shall be readily accessible by the user during theequipments intended use.4.7 Switches and Switch Actuation MechanismsFor mo-torized fitness equipment, switches and switch actuationmechanisms for controlling the stop, pause, or end functions ofthe motorized system, shall function

40、properly as follows:4.7.1 Consumer Fitness Equipment3 times/h 5 h/week 52 weeks/year1yrasafety factor of 2 = 1560 actuations.4.7.2 Institutional Fitness Equipment3 times/h 50h/week 52 weeks/year 3 years1yrasafety factor of2 = 46 800 actuations.4.8 Adjustment and Locking MeansAll adjustment andlockin

41、g means shall function securely at all adjustment posi-tions. The possibility of inadvertent disengagement shall bereduced by spring retention, clamps, or other means.4.8.1 Adjustment knobs and levers shall not interfere withthe users range of movement.4.9 Handgrips/Foot Support:4.9.1 Integral Handg

42、ripsIntegral handgrips, if requiredfor proper use as defined by the manufacturer, shall beconspicuous and shall reduce slippage during normal use.4.9.2 Applied HandgripsApplied handgrips shall be of amaterial that reduces slippage and shall withstand an appliedforce of 90 N (20.2 lb) without movemen

43、t in the direction ofthe applied force.4.9.3 Rotating HandgripsRotating handgrips shall be con-strained against lateral movement along their rotational axisand be constructed of a material that reduces slippage.4.9.4 Foot SupportBars or plates designed to support theusers feet during exercise shall

44、be fitted with or be of amaterial or surface type or configuration that reduces slippage.4.10 Load Development and Transmitting Components:4.10.1 Ropes, Belts, Chains, and Other MeansIncludingall attachment devices (links, shackles, end fittings, and termi-nation means) shall not fail with a load eq

45、ual to six times themaximum static tension developed by the machine duringnormal operation.4.10.2 Chain or Gear DrivesChain or gear drives onfitness equipment shall be guarded in accordance with ANSIB29.1.4.11 Electrical ComponentsElectrical components shallbe guarded to prevent inadvertent contact

46、with hazardouselectrical elements.5. Loading5.1 Intrinsic LoadingAll user supporting surfaces forconsumer and institutional fitness equipment shall be able towithstand a single static load equal to a loading factor times thegreater of 135 kg (300 lb), or the maximum specified userweight, as set fort

47、h by the manufacturer, at the point of usercontact without breakage. The loading factor stated above shallbe 2.5 for consumer fitness equipment and 4 for institutionalfitness equipment.5.2 Extrinsic LoadingThe fitness equipment and usersupports shall not break when loaded by a maximum specifieduser

48、weight person and the maximum extrinsic load as speci-fied by the manufacturer.5.2.1 The test load to be applied for 5.2 is specified by thefollowing equation:Ftest5 Wp11.5Fa# S (1)where:Ftest= the total reactionary load to be applied during the test,expressed in kilograms or pounds depending on fac

49、torS and the values Wpand Fa,Fa= the maximum user applied load at the point of usercontact with the machine for the maximum capacityof the machine as stated by the manufacturer, ex-pressed in kilograms or pounds,Wp= the proportionate amount of the users body weightbeing applied to the machine component being tested.This value is to be expressed as the proportionateamount of either 135 kg (300 lb) or the maximumuser weight as specified by the manufacturer, which-ever is greater,1.5 = dynamic coefficie