ASTM F2276-2009 Standard Specification for Fitness Equipment.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2276 09An American National StandardStandard Specification forFitness Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2276; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe goal of this specification is to promote proper design and manufacturing practices for stationaryfitness equipment. Through these

3、specifications this standard aims to assist designers and manufac-turers in producing functional, safe products under proper operations. This standard specifies safetyrequirements that are generally applicable to all stationary fitness equipment. For specific types offitness equipment, these require

4、ments shall be supplemented or superseded by the requirements ofspecific standards that have been issued to cover these specific types or groups of fitness products.Where specific standards exist, this standard should be used in conjunction with the other standards.Special care is required in applyi

5、ng this standard alone to equipment for which no specific standardexists.The equipment user must recognize, however, that a standard alone will not necessarily preventinjuries. Like other physical activities, exercise involving fitness equipment involves the risk of injury,particularly if the equipm

6、ent is used improperly.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes parameters for the designand manufacture of fitness equipment as defined in 3.1.9.1.2 It is the intent of this specification to specify productsfor use by individuals age 13 and above.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regard

7、ed as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determin

8、e the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1749 Specification for Fitness Equipment and FitnessFacility Safety Signage and Labels2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI B29.1 Precision Power Transmission Roller Chains,Attachments and Sprockets2.3 Europe

9、an Standards:4EN 957-1 Stationary Training Equipment-Part 1: GeneralSafety Requirements and Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accessible area, narea accessible to the user or thirdparty when the equipment is in normal use, during setting up,grasping,

10、or adjusting of equipment or position of the body.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThis area encompasses a region fromthe floor to a height of 1800 mm (71 in.) above the floor. Thisdoes not include areas that are accessible during the initialassembly.3.1.2 applied handgrips, nhandgrip that is formed,molded, or att

11、ached to a support, component, or structure.3.1.3 consumer fitness equipment, nfitness equipment in-tended for use by one person or one family unit.3.1.4 corner, nintersection of three planes or surfaces ona single component.3.1.5 cycle, nmovement of a point or load from a startingposition and back

12、to the same starting position. The cycle beingexecuted through the full range of intended motion.3.1.6 edge, nintersection of two planes or surfaces on asingle component.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibi

13、lity of Subcommittee F08.30 onFitness Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F 2276 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servicea

14、stm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from European Committee for Standard

15、ization (CEN), 36 rue deStassart, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cenorm.be.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.7 entrapment, narea that captures and requires forcein excess of one pound to remove the test finger

16、 in EN 957-1.3.1.8 extrinsic loads, nall loads applied to the machine oruser means in addition to the users body weight.3.1.9 fitness equipment, nmechanical device or hardwaredesigned for use in exercising specific or multiple muscles ofthe body.3.1.9.1 DiscussionNot to include toys used for recreat

17、ion,jump ropes, outdoor or indoor playground equipment orfacilities, bicycles or other fitness soft goods such as gloves,belts, apparel, balls, and so forth.3.1.10 general warning label, nlabel designed within thescope of this specification and Specification F 1749 which isaffixed to a portion of th

18、e fitness equipment and draws attentionto potential hazards associated with the use of that equipment.3.1.11 guard, ncover or enclosure that limits access to,without the use of tools, an otherwise accessible area.3.1.12 inaccessible area, narea inaccessible to the user ofthe machine but accessible t

19、o technicians or service personnel.3.1.13 institutional fitness equipment, nfitness equipmentintended for use by numerous persons in a commercial orinstitutional facility, as opposed to home environment.3.1.14 integral handgrips, nhandgrips that are created by,coating, texturing or other means, the

20、material of a componentor support structure.3.1.15 intended use, nuse of the fitness equipment asdescribed in the manual or as is readily apparent from theintended use as fitness equipment.3.1.16 intrinsic loads, nthe loads applied to fitness equip-ment due only to the users body weight.3.1.17 maxim

21、um specified load, nmaximum working loadfor the machine as set by the manufacturer.3.1.18 maximum tension developed, nmaximum statictensile load experienced by a connector, fitting, rope, belt,chain, or other means, during use of the machine at themaximum specified load for the machine including all

22、 extrinsicloads.3.1.19 owners/users manual, ndocumentation suppliedand intended by the manufacturer to convey information,including safety features and warnings, to the owner/user aboutthe equipment.3.1.20 pinch point, nlocation between two moving com-ponents or the location between a moving and fix

23、ed componentthat, when entered, causes a portion of the body to becomeentrapped.3.1.21 pulley, n component that guides ropes or belts andredirects the forces of the rope or belt.3.1.22 pull in point, nlocation between two moving com-ponents, or the location between a moving and a fixedcomponent, tha

24、t when entered causes a portion of the body tobe pulled into and entrapped between the components.3.1.23 range of movement, nspace in which the user orpart of the user is moving when using the machine inaccordance to the instructions supplied by the manufacturer.3.1.24 resistance means, nfor the pur

25、pose of this specifi-cation, the device or system that, when varied by the user,increases or decreases the force encountered by the userthrough the user means. For the purpose of the specification,such means include weights, pneumatic cylinders, or electronicsystems and their controls.3.1.25 shear p

26、oint, nlocation at which parts move pastone another or past a fixed point in such a manner that, whenentered, causes a portion of the body to become entrapped in ascissors action between the components.3.1.26 site specific label, nlabel designed within the scopeof this specification and Specificatio

27、n F 1749 which is affixedto a portion of the strength equipment and draws attention to apotential hazard in the immediate area of the label.3.1.27 stationary training equipment, nequipment that isused to exercise or to train muscles or muscle groups that doesnot travel or move across the ground as a

28、 unit during use.3.1.28 third party, nsomeone other than the user who is inthe immediate area of the fitness equipment when it is in use.3.1.29 training envelope, nmaximum space in which theuser and machine components traverse when the machine isoperated in accordance with the instructions.3.1.30 us

29、er weight (maximum), nmanufacturer definedweight of the exerciser that the equipment was designed tosafely accommodate.4. Design and Construction Requirements4.1 Stability:4.1.1 Fitness equipment shall be stable while in storage,unloaded, and in the intrinsically and extrinsically loaded useconditio

30、ns.4.2 Support:4.2.1 Fitness equipment shall support the user and anyadditional loads applied by the user in normal operationwithout breakage. Examples include: seats, foot rests, back-rests, etc.4.3 Edges, Corners, and Tube Ends:4.3.1 EdgesAll edges in accessible areas shall be free ofburrs and sha

31、rp edges.4.3.2 CornersAll corners in accessible areas shall beradiused or chamfered.4.3.3 Tube EndsTube ends in the exposed accessible areasshall be closed off either by other components or by plugs.Plugs shall remain in place during normal operation andstorage.4.4 Guarding and Entrapment in Accessi

32、ble Areas:4.4.1 GeneralPinch, shear, and crush points in the acces-sible area as defined in 3.1.1, 3.1.20, and 3.1.25 shall beavoided or guarded. In the event that the hazard can not beremoved or guarded, a site specific warning label shall bepresent alerting the user or third party to the presence

33、of thehazard. Guarding is not required if a minimum clearancebetween affected components of 60 mm (2.36 in.) can bemaintained. Exceptions to this requirement are as follows:4.4.1.1 FingersIf during operation or adjustment of theequipment the only portion of the body that could becomeentrapped is the

34、 fingers then the spacing between the affectedcomponents shall be less than 9.5 mm (0.37 in.) or greater than25 mm (0.98 in.).4.4.1.2 Third Party AccessIf during the intended use ofthe product, third party access to the affected area of themachine is prevented by the users body placement or if theus

35、er can immediately stop the movement of the affectedF2276092components then the spacing between the affected componentsshall be at least 25 mm (0.98 in.).4.4.1.3 Component(s) Moving Past FixedComponent(s)In general, the guidelines in the previoussections shall be followed. However, if during the int

36、endedoperation or adjustment, a component moves past a fixedcomponent in such a manner that no shear or pinch points arecreated, then the spacing between the fixed component and themoving component shall be less than 9.5 mm (0.37 in.) orgreater than 25 mm (0.98 in.).4.4.1.4 Component StopsOpen and o

37、bvious stops formoving components are excluded.4.4.1.5 Chain or Gear DrivesChain or gear drives onfitness equipment shall be guarded in accordance with AN-SI B29.1.4.5 OverheatingNo external nonmetallic surface shallachieve a temperature exceeding 85C (185F). No externalmetallic surface shall achiev

38、e a temperature exceeding 60C(140F).4.6 Control PanelIf it is intended for the user to vary thefunction of the equipment during its intended use, then thecontrol panel shall be readily accessible by the user during theequipments intended use.4.7 Switches and Switch Actuation MechanismsFor mo-torized

39、 fitness equipment, switches and switch actuationmechanisms for controlling the stop, pause, or end functions ofthe motorized system, shall function properly as follows:4.7.1 Consumer Fitness Equipment3 times/h 3 5 h/week3 52 weeks/year 3 1yr3 a safety factor of 2 = 1560actuations.4.7.2 Institutiona

40、l Fitness Equipment3 times/h 3 50h/week 3 52 weeks/year 3 3 years 3 1yr3 a safety factor of2 = 46 800 actuations.4.8 Adjustment and Locking MeansAll adjustment andlocking means shall function securely at all adjustment posi-tions. The possibility of inadvertent disengagement shall bereduced by sprin

41、g retention, clamps, or other means.4.8.1 Adjustment knobs and levers shall not interfere withthe users range of movement.4.9 Handgrips/Foot Support:4.9.1 Integral HandgripsIntegral handgrips, if requiredfor proper use as defined by the manufacturer, shall beconspicuous and shall reduce slippage dur

42、ing normal use.4.9.2 Applied HandgripsApplied handgrips shall be of amaterial that reduces slippage and shall withstand an appliedforce of 90 N (20.2 lb) without movement in the direction ofthe applied force.4.9.3 Rotating HandgripsRotating handgrips shall beconstrained against lateral movement alon

43、g their rotational axisand be constructed of a material that reduces slippage.4.9.4 Foot SupportBars or plates designed to support theusers feet during exercise shall be fitted with or be of amaterial or surface type or configuration that reduces slippage.4.10 Load Development and Transmitting Compo

44、nents:4.10.1 Ropes, Belts, Chains, and Other MeansIncludingall attachment devices (links, shackles, end fittings, and termi-nation means) shall not fail with a load equal to six times themaximum static tension developed by the machine duringnormal operation.4.10.2 Chain or Gear DrivesChain or gear d

45、rives onfitness equipment shall be guarded in accordance with AN-SI B29.1.4.11 Electrical ComponentsElectrical components shallbe guarded to prevent inadvertent contact with hazardouselectrical elements.5. Loading5.1 Intrinsic LoadingAll user supporting surfaces forconsumer and institutional fitness

46、 equipment shall be able towithstand a single static load equal to a loading factor times thegreater of 135 kg (300 lb), or the maximum specified userweight, as set forth by the manufacturer, at the point of usercontact without breakage. The loading factor stated above shallbe 2.5 for consumer fitne

47、ss equipment and 4 for institutionalfitness equipment.5.2 Extrinsic LoadingThe fitness equipment and usersupports shall not break when loaded by a maximum specifieduser weight person and the maximum extrinsic load as speci-fied by the manufacturer.5.2.1 The test load to be applied for 5.2 is specifi

48、ed by thefollowing equation:Ftest5 Wp1 1.5Fa# S (1)where:Ftest= the total reactionary load to be applied during thetest, expressed in kilograms or pounds dependingon factor S and the values Wpand Fa,Fa= the maximum user applied load at the point of usercontact with the machine for the maximum capaci

49、tyof the machine as stated by the manufacturer,expressed in kilograms or pounds,Wp= the proportionate amount of the users body weightbeing applied to the machine component beingtested. This value is to be expressed as the propor-tionate amount of either 135 kg (300 lb) or themaximum user weight as specified by the manufac-turer, whichever is greater,1.5 = dynamic coefficient, andS = factor of safety. This shall be 4 for institutionalfitness equipment and shall be 2.5 for consumerfitness equipment.5.2.2 Extrinsic l