ASTM F2194-2012b Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Bassinets and Cradles《摇篮车和摇篮的标准消费者安全规范》.pdf

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1、Designation:F219412a Designation: F2194 12bStandard Consumer Safety Specification forBassinets and Cradles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification addresses infant bassinet and cradle incidentsidentified by the U.S. Consume

3、r Product Safety Commission (CPSC).In response to the incident data compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety performancespecification attempts to minimize the following hazards: (1) suffocation, (2) tip over, (3) collapse, and(4) hood detachment. It also addresses corner post extensions, which may

4、 catch pacifier cords, ribbons,necklaces, or clothing which a child may be wearing and which may be caught on a projection. Thisspecification does not cover products that are blatantly misused or used in a careless manner thatdisregards the safety instructions and warnings provided with each bassine

5、t or cradle.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers performance requirements, test methods, and marking requirements to promotesafe use of bassinets and cradles.1.2 This consumer safety performance specification is intended to minimize the risks of incidents to an infant resulting from

6、normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of a bassinet or cradle.1.3 This consumer safety performance specification covers products primarily intended to provide sleeping accommodations foran infant up to approximately 5 months in age or when the child begins to push up on hands and knees, which

7、ever comes first.Products used in conjunction with an inclined infant swing or stroller, or products that are intended to provide an inclined sleepsurface (head-to-toe direction) of greater than 10 from horizontal while in the rest (non-rocking) position are not covered by thisspecification.1.3.1 Ra

8、tionaleThe addition of developmental criteria was added to the 5-month age grade to accommodate varying motorskills in children.NOTE 1Cradle swings with an incline less than or equal to 10 from horizontal while in the rest (non-rocking) position are covered under the scopeof this standard. A sleep p

9、roduct that has an inclined sleeping surface (intended to be greater than 10 from horizontal while in the rest (non-rocking)position) does not fall under the scope of this standard. Strollers that have a carriage/bassinet feature are covered by the stroller/carriage standard whenin the stroller use

10、mode. Carriage baskets/bassinets that are removable from the stroller base are covered under the scope of this standard when the carriagebasket/bassinet meets the definition of a bassinet/cradle found in 3.1.1. Bassinet/cradle attachments to cribs or play yards, as defined in 3.1.2 or 3.1.12,are inc

11、luded in the scope of the standard when in the bassinet/cradle use mode.1.4 No bassinet or cradle produced after the approval date of this consumer safety performance specification shall, either bylabel or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirement

12、s contained herein.1.5 This consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents and injuries resulting from alterationor unreasonable abuse or misuse of the product by a child or child care giver.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The

13、 values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion Section 7 of this consumer safety performancespecification. This standard does n

14、ot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory requirements prior to use.1This specification is under the jurisdi

15、ction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18 on Cribs, ToddlerBeds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables.Current edition approved Sept.Oct. 1, 2012. Published SeptemberDecember 2012. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous

16、edition approved in 2012 as F2194 12a.DOI: 10.1520/F2194-12AB.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all c

17、hanges accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,

18、 United States.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1220 Safety Standard for Non-Full

19、-Size Baby Cribs16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations Including Sections16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys and Other Articles for Use by Children Un

20、derEight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age WhichP

21、resent Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts2.3 Other References:2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document

22、Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.FIG. 1 CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II 17.5 lb (7.9 kg)F2194 12b2CAMI Dummy, MARK II (see Fig. 1)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1

23、bassinet/cradle, nsmall bed designed primarily to provide sleeping accommodations for infants, supported by freestanding legs, a stationary frame/stand, a wheeled base, a rocking base, or which can swing relative to a stationary base. Whilein a rest (non-rocking or swinging) position, a bassinet/cra

24、dle is intended to have a sleep surface less than or equal to 10 fromhorizontal.3.1.2 bassinet/cradle accessory, na supported sleep surface that attaches to a crib or play yard designed to convert the productinto a bassinet/cradle intended to have a sleep surface less than or equal to 10 from horizo

25、ntal while in a rest (non-rocking orswinging) position.3.1.3 conspicuous, adjdescribes a label that is visible, when the bassinet/cradle is in a manufacturers recommended useposition, to a person standing near the bassinet/cradle at any one position around the bassinet/cradle but not necessarily vis

26、ible fromall other positions.3.1.4 double action release mechanism, nmechanism requiring either two consecutive actions, the first of which must bemaintained while the second is carried out or two separate and independent single action locking mechanisms that must beactivated simultaneously to fully

27、 release.3.1.5 fabric, nany woven, knit, coated, laminated, extruded, or calendared flexible material that is intended to be sewn,welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.3.1.6 manufacturers recommended use position, nany position that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptablec

28、onfiguration for the use of the product by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. This specifically excludespositions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.3.1.7 maximum deflection angle, nthe maximum r

29、ock/swing angle measurement allowed by the product design in themanufacturers recommended use position in the manner normally associated with rocking/swinging as intended by themanufacturer.3.1.8 mesh, nmesh may be either a woven fabric in which the warp and filling yarns are interlaced, knitted fab

30、ric in whichthe wales and courses yarns are interlocked, or any other type of fabric that may be developed that provides openings therein.3.1.9 non-paper label, nany label material (such as plastic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply defined edge.3.

31、1.10 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product that is set up in one of the manufacturers recommended use positions.3.1.11 paper label, nany label material that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.12 play yard bassinet, nbassinet accessory usually suspended in the upper

32、 portion of the play yard and typically has afolding and/or segmented mattress.3.1.13 removable cover, na fabric cover encompassing the recommended sleeping area for the occupant of the product, thatuses snaps, zippers, hook and loop, buttons or other fasteners to attach to a bassinet/cradle frame t

33、hat requires consumer actionas a step for removal or adjustment.3.1.14 rest angle, nthe resulting angle measurement of the bassinet/cradle sleeping surface after the maximum deflectionangle is applied and released and the product has come to a complete rest.3.1.15 seam, nmeans for joining fabric com

34、ponents, such as sewing, welding, heat sealing, or gluing.3.1.16 static load, nvertically downward force applied by a calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that may be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl f

35、looring cover, unlessthe test instructs differently.4.2 The product shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with ambient tem

36、perature of 7369F (2365C) for at least 1 h prior to testing.Testing then shall be conducted within this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit.4.6 Angle measurements shall be obtained using a digital inclinometer capable of 0.1 minimum re

37、solution.4.7 A force gauge with a minimum range of 0 to 25 lbf (110 N), accuracy of 60.25 lb.5. General Requirements5.1 Lead in PaintsThe paint or surface coating on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.5.2 Hazardous Sharp Edges or PointsThere shall be no hazardous sharp points or edges as defi

38、ned by 16 CFR 1500.48 and16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to this consumer safety specification.4Department of Transportation Memorandum Report AAC-119-74-14, Revision II, Drawing No. SA-1001 by Richard Chandler, July 2, 1974. Federal AviationAdministration, Civil Aeromedical Institute, Prote

39、ction and Survival Laboratory, Aeromedical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.F2194 12b35.3 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing tothis specification.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth a

40、nd free of splinters.5.5 Scissoring, Shearing, or PinchingAproduct, when in the manufacturers recommended use position shall be designed andconstructed so as to prevent injury to the occupant from scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or components rotateabout a common axis, or fastening po

41、ints, slide, pivot, fold or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, orpinching that may cause injury shall not be permissible when the edges of any rigid parts admit a probe that is greater than a0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and less than a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter at any accessible

42、 point throughout the range of motion of suchparts.5.6 Unintentional Folding:5.6.1 Products designed without latching or locking devices must remain in the manufacturers recommended use positionduring and upon completion of the test, in accordance with 7.5.1.5.6.2 Products designed with a single act

43、ion release mechanism latching or locking devices must remain in the manufacturersrecommended use position during and upon completion of the test, in accordance with 7.5.2.5.6.3 Products with a double action release mechanism latching or locking device shall require two distinct and separate actions

44、for release of the mechanism.5.7 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that arebetween 0.210-in. (5.3

45、3-mm) and 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are limited indepth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 2). The product shall be evaluatedin all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.8 Labeling:5.8.1 War

46、ning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.2.1-7.2.3.5.8.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, wood burning,etc. shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.2.4.1-7.2.4

47、.3.5.8.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts when tested in accordance with 7.2.5.5.9 FastenersWoodscrews shall not be used in the assembly of any components that must be removed by the consumer inthe normal disassembly of a bassinet/cradle.5.10 Corner Posts:5.10.1 No corner post assembl

48、y shall extend more than 0.06 in. (1.5 mm) above the upper edge of an end or side panel,whichever is higher, when measured from the lowest point on the upper edge of the end panel within 3 in. (76 mm) from theoutermost contour of the elbow (see Fig. 3).5.10.2 The limitations in 5.10.1 do not apply t

49、o a corner post assembly that extends at least 16 in. (406 mm) above theuppermost surface of the side rail in its highest position.5.10.2.1 Corner posts intended to accept removable vertical extensions made up of two or more segments (such as canopy postextensions) shall not permit the attachment of individual segments such that the resultant vertical extension would be in violationof the dimensional requirements of 5.10.2.5.11 ToysToy accessories attached to, removable from, or sold with a bassinet or cradle, as well as their means of