ASTM F2194-2013a Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Bassinets and Cradles《摇篮车和摇篮的标准消费品安全规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2194 13aStandard Consumer Safety Specification forBassinets and Cradles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification addresses infant bassinet and cradle incidentsidentified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Comm

3、ission (CPSC).In response to the incident data compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety performancespecification attempts to minimize the following hazards: (1) suffocation, (2) tip over, (3) collapse, and(4) hood detachment. It also addresses corner post extensions, which may catch pacifier cords

4、, ribbons,necklaces, or clothing which a child may be wearing and which may be caught on a projection. Thisspecification does not cover products that are blatantly misused or used in a careless manner thatdisregards the safety instructions and warnings provided with each bassinet or cradle.1. Scope1

5、.1 This consumer safety specification covers performancerequirements, test methods, and marking requirements topromote safe use of bassinets and cradles.1.2 This consumer safety performance specification is in-tended to minimize the risks of incidents to an infant resultingfrom normal use and reason

6、ably foreseeable misuse of abassinet or cradle.1.3 This consumer safety performance specification coversproducts primarily intended to provide sleeping accommoda-tions for an infant up to approximately 5 months in age or whenthe child begins to push up on hands and knees, whichevercomes first. Produ

7、cts used in conjunction with an inclinedinfant swing or stroller, or products that are intended to providean inclined sleep surface (head-to-toe direction) of greater than10 from horizontal while in the rest (non-rocking) position arenot covered by this specification.1.3.1 RationaleThe addition of d

8、evelopmental criteriawas added to the 5-month age grade to accommodate varyingmotor skills in children.NOTE 1Cradle swings with an incline less than or equal to 10 fromhorizontal while in the rest (non-rocking) position are covered under thescope of this standard. A sleep product that has an incline

9、d sleepingsurface (intended to be greater than 10 from horizontal while in the rest(non-rocking) position) does not fall under the scope of this standard.Strollers that have a carriage/bassinet feature are covered by the stroller/carriage standard when in the stroller use mode. Carriage baskets/bass

10、inets that are removable from the stroller base are covered under thescope of this standard when the carriage basket/bassinet meets thedefinition of a bassinet/cradle found in 3.1.1. Bassinet/cradle attachmentsto cribs or play yards, as defined in 3.1.2 or 3.1.13, are included in thescope of the sta

11、ndard when in the bassinet/cradle use mode.1.4 No bassinet or cradle produced after the approval date ofthis consumer safety performance specification shall, either bylabel or other means, indicate compliance with this specifica-tion unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.5 This c

12、onsumer safety performance specification is notintended to address incidents and injuries resulting fromalteration or unreasonable abuse or misuse of the product by achild or child care giver.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are

13、 mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion Section 7 of this consumer safety perfor-mance specification. This standard does not purport to addressall of the

14、safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It isthe responsibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measurin

15、g Adhesion by Tape Test1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18 onCribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published March 201

16、4. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2194 13. DOI:10.1520/F2194-13A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standar

17、ds Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulati

18、ons:316 CFR 1220 Safety Standard for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous SubstancesAct Regulations Includ-ing Sections16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toy

19、s and Other Articles for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use

20、by Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts2.3 Other References:CAMI Dummy, MARK II (see Fig. 1)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bassinet/cradle, nsmall bed designed primarily toprovide sleeping accommodations for infants, sup

21、ported byfree standing legs, a stationary frame/stand, a wheeled base, arocking base, or which can swing relative to a stationary base.While in a rest (non-rocking or swinging) position, a bassinet/cradle is intended to have a sleep surface less than or equal to10 from horizontal.3.1.2 bassinet/crad

22、le accessory, na supported sleep sur-face that attaches to a crib or play yard designed to convert theproduct into a bassinet/cradle intended to have a sleep surfaceless than or equal to 10 from horizontal while in a rest(non-rocking or swinging) position.3.1.3 conspicuous, adjdescribes a label that

23、 is visible,when the bassinet/cradle is in a manufacturers recommendeduse position, to a person standing near the bassinet/cradle atany one position around the bassinet/cradle but not necessarilyvisible from all other positions.3.1.4 double action release mechanism, nmechanism re-quiring either two

24、consecutive actions, the first of which mustbe maintained while the second is carried out or two separateand independent single action locking mechanisms that mustbe activated simultaneously to fully release.3.1.5 fabric, nany woven, knit, coated, laminated,extruded, or calendared flexible material

25、that is intended to besewn, welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.3.1.6 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyposition that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product by the manufacturer inany descriptive or instructional literatu

26、re. This specificallyexcludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a likemanner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.7 mattress support rods/bars, ncomponent(s), typi-cally rods or bars, that provide added support between themattress support component and the mattr

27、ess pad.3.1.8 maximum deflection angle, nthe maximum rock/swing angle measurement allowed by the product design in themanufacturers recommended use position in the mannernormally associated with rocking/swinging as intended by themanufacturer.3.1.9 mesh, nmesh may be either a woven fabric in whichth

28、e warp and filling yarns are interlaced, knitted fabric in whichthe wales and courses yarns are interlocked, or any other typeof fabric that may be developed that provides openings therein.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop:

29、SDE, Washington, DC 20401.4Department of Transportation Memorandum Report AAC-119-74-14, RevisionII, Drawing No. SA-1001 by Richard Chandler, July 2, 1974. Federal AviationAdministration, Civil Aeromedical Institute, Protection and Survival Laboratory,Aeromedical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.FIG.

30、 1 CAMI Infant Dummy, Mark II 17.5 lb (7.9 kg)F2194 13a23.1.10 non-paper label, nany label material (such asplastic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of toolsor tears leaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.11 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product thatis set up in one of the ma

31、nufacturers recommended usepositions.3.1.12 paper label, nany label material that tears withoutthe aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.13 play yard bassinet, nbassinet accessory usuallysuspended in the upper portion of the play yard and typicallyhas a folding and/or segmented mattress.3.1.14

32、removable cover, na fabric cover encompassing therecommended sleeping area for the occupant of the product,that uses snaps, zippers, hook and loop, buttons or otherfasteners to attach to a bassinet/cradle frame that requiresconsumer action as a step for removal or adjustment.3.1.15 rest angle, nthe

33、resulting angle measurement of thebassinet/cradle sleeping surface after the maximum deflectionangle is applied and released and the product has come to acomplete rest.3.1.16 seam, nmeans for joining fabric components, suchas sewing, welding, heat sealing, or gluing.3.1.17 static load, nvertically d

34、ownward force applied bya calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless the test instructs differently.4.2 The product shall be completely assem

35、bled, unlessotherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers in-structions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with ambienttemperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 h prior totesting. Testing then shall be conduct

36、ed within this temperaturerange.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit.4.6 Angle measurements shall be obtained using a digitalinclinometer capable of 0.1 minimum resolution.4.7 A force gauge with a minimum range of 0 to 25 lbf (110N), accuracy of 60.25 l

37、b.5. General Requirements5.1 Lead in PaintsThe paint or surface coating on theproduct shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.5.2 Hazardous Sharp Edges or PointsThere shall be nohazardous sharp points or edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48and 16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to this consumersafety speci

38、fication.5.3 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing tothis specification.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood partsshall be smooth and free of splinters.5.5 Scissoring, Shearing, or PinchingA product, when inth

39、e manufacturers recommended use position shall be de-signed and constructed so as to prevent injury to the occupantfrom scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members orcomponents rotate about a common axis, or fastening points,slide, pivot, fold or otherwise move relative to one another.Scissoring,

40、 shearing, or pinching that may cause injury shallnot be permissible when the edges of any rigid parts admit aprobe that is greater than a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and less thana 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter at any accessible pointthroughout the range of motion of such parts.5.6 Unintentional Folding:5.6

41、.1 Products designed without latching or locking devicesmust remain in the manufacturers recommended use positionduring and upon completion of the test, in accordance with7.5.1.5.6.2 Products designed with a single action release mecha-nism latching or locking devices must remain in the manufac-ture

42、rs recommended use position during and upon completionof the test, in accordance with 7.5.2.5.6.3 Products with a double action release mechanismlatching or locking device shall require two distinct andseparate actions for release of the mechanism.5.7 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely thro

43、ugh awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm

44、) but arelimited in depth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 2). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.8 Labeling:5.8.1 Warning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall bepermanent when tested in accordance

45、with 7.2.1 7.2.3.5.8.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, etc. shall be permanent when tested in accordancewith 7.2.4.1 7.2.4.3.5.8.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 7

46、.2.5.5.9 FastenersWoodscrews shall not be used in the assem-bly of any components that must be removed by the consumerin the normal disassembly of a bassinet/cradle.5.10 Corner Posts:5.10.1 No corner post assembly shall extend more than 0.06in. (1.5 mm) above the upper edge of an end or side panel,w

47、hichever is higher, when measured from the lowest point onthe upper edge of the end panel within 3 in. (76 mm) from theoutermost contour of the elbow (see Fig. 3).F2194 13a35.10.2 The limitations in 5.10.1 do not apply to a corner postassembly that extends at least 16 in. (406 mm) above theuppermost

48、 surface of the side rail in its highest position.5.10.2.1 Corner posts intended to accept removable verticalextensions made up of two or more segments (such as canopypost extensions) shall not permit the attachment of individualsegments such that the resultant vertical extension would be inviolatio

49、n of the dimensional requirements of 5.10.2.5.11 ToysToy accessories attached to, removable from, orsold with a bassinet or cradle, as well as their means ofattachment, must meet the applicable requirements of Con-sumer Safety Specification F963.5.11.1 Toy mobiles that attach solely to a bassinet or cradleare not required to contain labeling as stated in ConsumerSafety Specification F963, Section 5.6.2 (Safety LabelingMobiles).5.12 Bassinet/Cradle Accessory to Play Yard/Non-Full-Sized CribA bassinet accessory intended to be attache