ASTM F2194-2012a Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Bassinets and Cradles《摇篮车和摇篮的标准消费者安全规范》.pdf

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1、Designation:F219412 Designation: F2194 12aStandard Consumer Safety Specification forBassinets and Cradles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r

2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification addresses infant bassinet and cradle incidentsidentified by the U.S. Consumer

3、 Product Safety Commission (CPSC).In response to the incident data compiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety performancespecification attempts to minimize the following hazards: (1) suffocation, (2) tip over, (3) collapse, and(4) hood detachment. It also addresses corner post extensions, which may

4、catch pacifier cords, ribbons,necklaces, or clothing which a child may be wearing and which may be caught on a projection. Thisspecification does not cover products that are blatantly misused or used in a careless manner thatdisregards the safety instructions and warnings provided with each bassinet

5、 or cradle.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers performance requirements, test methods, and marking requirements to promotesafe use of bassinets and cradles.1.2 This consumer safety performance specification is intended to minimize the risks of incidents to an infant resulting fromn

6、ormal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse of a bassinet or cradle.1.3This consumer safety performance specification covers products intended to provide sleeping accommodations only for aninfant up to approximately 5 months in age or when the child begins to push up on hands and knees, whichever co

7、mes first.Products used in conjunction with an infant swing are not covered by this specification.1.3 This consumer safety performance specification covers products primarily intended to provide sleeping accommodations foran infant up to approximately 5 months in age or when the child begins to push

8、 up on hands and knees, whichever comes first.Products used in conjunction with an inclined infant swing or stroller, or products that are intended to provide an inclined sleepsurface (head-to-toe direction) of greater than 10 from horizontal while in the rest (non-rocking) position are not covered

9、by thisspecification.1.3.1 RationaleThe addition of developmental criteria was added to the 5-month age grade to accommodate varying motorskills in children.NOTE 1Cradle swings with an incline less than or equal to 10 from horizontal while in the rest (non-rocking) position are covered under the sco

10、peof this standard. A sleep product that has an inclined sleeping surface (intended to be greater than 10 from horizontal while in the rest (non-rocking)position) does not fall under the scope of this standard. Strollers that have a carriage/bassinet feature are covered by the stroller/carriage stan

11、dard whenin the stroller use mode. Carriage baskets/bassinets that are removable from the stroller base are covered under the scope of this standard when the carriagebasket/bassinet meets the definition of a bassinet/cradle found in 3.1.1. Bassinet/cradle attachments to cribs or play yards, as defin

12、ed in 3.1.2 or 3.1.12,are included in the scope of the standard when in the bassinet/cradle use mode.1.4 No bassinet or cradle produced after the approval date of this consumer safety performance specification shall, either bylabel or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless i

13、t conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.5 This consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents and injuries resulting from alterationor unreasonable abuse or misuse of the product by a child or child care giver.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to

14、 be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion Section 7 of this consumer safety performance1This

15、specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.18 on Cribs, ToddlerBeds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables.Current edition approved JuneSept. 1, 2012. Published JulySeptember 2012. Originally ap

16、proved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20112012 as F2194 112.DOI: 10.1520/F2194-12A.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically po

17、ssible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,

18、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicabil

19、ity ofregulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1220

20、Safety Standard for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations Including Sections16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys and Other Art

21、icles for Use by Children UnderEight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Custo

22、mer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.FIG. 1 CAMI

23、Infant Dummy, Mark II 17.5 lb (7.9 kg)F2194 12a216 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age WhichPresent Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts2.3 Other References:CAMI Dummy, MARK II (see Fig. 1)43. Termi

24、nology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bassinet/cradle, nsmall bed designed exclusivelyprimarily to provide sleeping accommodations for infants, supportedby free standing legs, a stationary frame/stand, a wheeled base, a rocking base, or which can swing relative to a stationary base.3.1.1.1DiscussionWhileWhile

25、 in a rest (non-rocking or swinging) position, a bassinet/cradle is intended to have a horizontalsleep surface less than or equal to 10 from horizontal.3.1.2 bassinet/cradle accessory, na supported sleep surface that attaches to a crib or play yard designed to convert the productinto a bassinet/crad

26、le intended to have a horizontal sleep surface less than or equal to 10 from horizontal while in a rest(non-rocking or swinging) position.3.1.3 conspicuous, adjdescribes a label that is visible, when the bassinet/cradle is in a manufacturers recommended useposition, to a person standing near the bas

27、sinet/cradle at any one position around the bassinet/cradle but not necessarily visible fromall other positions.3.1.4 double action release mechanism, nmechanism requiring either two consecutive actions, the first of which must bemaintained while the second is carried out or two separate and indepen

28、dent single action locking mechanisms that must beactivated simultaneously to fully release.3.1.5 fabric, nany woven, knit, coated, laminated, extruded, or calendared flexible material that is intended to be sewn,welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.3.1.6 manufacturers recommended u

29、se position, nany position that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. This specifically excludespositions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unac

30、ceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.3.1.7 maximum deflection angle, nthe maximum rock/swing angle measurement allowed by the product design in themanufacturers recommended use position in the manner normally associated with rocking/swinging as intended by themanufacturer.3.1.8 mesh, nmesh may be ei

31、ther a woven fabric in which the warp and filling yarns are interlaced, knitted fabric in whichthe wales and courses yarns are interlocked, or any other type of fabric that may be developed that provides openings therein.3.1.9 non-paper label, nany label material (such as plastic or metal) that eith

32、er will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.10 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product that is set up in one of the manufacturers recommended use positions.3.1.11 paper label, nany label material that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous

33、 edge.3.1.12 play yard bassinet, nbassinet accessory usually suspended in the upper portion of the play yard and typically has afolding and/or segmented mattress.3.1.13 removable cover, na fabric cover encompassing the recommended sleeping area for the occupant of the product, thatuses snaps, zipper

34、s, hook and loop, buttons or other fasteners to attach to a bassinet/cradle frame that requires consumer actionas a step for removal or adjustment.3.1.14 rest angle, nthe resulting angle measurement of the bassinet/cradle sleeping surface after the maximum deflectionangle is applied and released and

35、 the product has come to a complete rest.3.1.15 seam, nmeans for joining fabric components, such as sewing, welding, heat sealing, or gluing.3.1.16 static load, nvertically downward force applied by a calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall b

36、e conducted on a concrete floor that may be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover, unlessthe test instructs differently.4.2 The product shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48

37、h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 h prior to testing.Testing then shall be conducted within this temperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit.4.6 Angl

38、e measurements shall be obtained using a digital inclinometer capable of 0.1 minimum resolution.4.7 A force gauge with a minimum range of 0 to 25 lbf (110 N), accuracy of 60.25 lb.5. General Requirements5.1 Lead in PaintsThe paint or surface coating on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.4Depa

39、rtment of Transportation Memorandum Report AAC-119-74-14, Revision II, Drawing No. SA-1001 by Richard Chandler, July 2, 1974. Federal AviationAdministration, Civil Aeromedical Institute, Protection and Survival Laboratory, Aeromedical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.F2194 12a35.2 Hazardous Sharp Edg

40、es or PointsThere shall be no hazardous sharp points or edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to this consumer safety specification.5.3 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing tothis

41、 specification.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free of splinters.5.5 Scissoring, Shearing, or PinchingAproduct, when in the manufacturers recommended use position shall be designed andconstructed so as to prevent injury to the occupant from scissoring, shea

42、ring, or pinching when members or components rotateabout a common axis, or fastening points, slide, pivot, fold or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, orpinching that may cause injury shall not be permissible when the edges of any rigid parts admit a probe that is greater t

43、han a0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and less than a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter at any accessible point throughout the range of motion of suchparts.5.6 Unintentional Folding:5.6.1 Products designed without latching or locking devices must remain in the manufacturers recommended use positionduring and upon com

44、pletion of the test, in accordance with 7.5.1.5.6.2 Products designed with a single action release mechanism latching or locking devices must remain in the manufacturersrecommended use position during and upon completion of the test, in accordance with 7.5.2.5.6.3 Products with a double action relea

45、se mechanism latching or locking device shall require two distinct and separate actionsfor release of the mechanism.5.7 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also

46、admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that arebetween 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) and 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are limited indepth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 2). The product

47、shall be evaluatedin all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.8 Labeling:5.8.1 Warning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.2.1-7.2.3.5.8.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, prin

48、ting, wood burning,etc. shall be permanent when tested in accordance with 7.2.4.1-7.2.4.3.5.8.3 Non-paper labels shall not liberate small parts when tested in accordance with 7.2.5.5.9 FastenersWoodscrews shall not be used in the assembly of any components that must be removed by the consumer inthe

49、normal disassembly of a bassinet/cradle.5.10 Corner Posts:5.10.1 No corner post assembly shall extend more than 0.06 in. (1.5 mm) above the upper edge of an end or side panel,whichever is higher, when measured from the lowest point on the upper edge of the end panel within 3 in. (76 mm) from theoutermost contour of the elbow (see Fig. 3).5.10.2 The limitations in 5.10.1 do not apply to a corner post assembly that extends at least 16 in. (406 mm) above theuppermost surface of the side rail in its highest position.5.10.2.1 Corner posts in