ASTM F2157-2008 Standard Specification for Synthetic Surfaced Running Tracks.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2157 08An American National StandardStandard Specification forSynthetic Surfaced Running Tracks1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThere is a need to provide for the safety of athletes and durability of surfaces used for competitionrunning. There ar

3、e a number of sources of injury with regard to the performance of a running tracksurface and protection of athletes of all ages.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes the minimum performancerequirements and classification when tested in accordance withthe procedures outlined within this specific

4、ation. All docu-ments referencing this specification must include classificationrequired.1.2 This specification does not imply that an injury cannotbe incurred if the surface is found to be in compliance with thisspecification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other

5、 units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemicalAnalysisD 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-ence With a Gray ScaleD 2859 Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of FinishedTextile Floor

6、Covering MaterialsD 2950 Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete inPlace by Nuclear MethodsE 303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Prop-erties Using the British Pendulum TesterE 1131 Test Method for Compositional Analysis by Ther-mogravimetryG 154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent

7、 Light Apparatusfor UV Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials2.2 Other Standards:DIN 18035 Part 6 AStandard for Sports Grounds, SyntheticSurfacings, Requirements, Test, Maintenance3IAAF Performance Specifications for Synthetic SurfacedAthletics Tracks (Outdoors)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Spe

8、cific to This Standard:3.1.1 compliance, na test result that falls within thespecified range, meets a stated minimum value or achieves a“pass” rating on a test with a pass/fail result.3.1.2 “D” area, nan integral part of the synthetic surfac-ing located within the oval.3.1.3 EPDM components, nthe re

9、sidual elements of anEPDM rubber product once the fillers and plasticizers havebeen eliminated.3.1.4 EPDM rubber product, na product comprised oforganic and inorganic materials with a minimum of 20 % anda maximum of 26 % of ethylene propylene-diene-saturatedpolymethylene main chain along with other

10、organic andinorganic components.3.1.5 flat, nan area that by design is to have a finishedslope of 0.5 % or less.3.1.6 recycled black EPDM rubber product, ncrumbs orgranules manufactured through ambient or cryogenic grindingor crushing of post industrial scrap (typically automotive),containing a mixt

11、ure of types of rubber including EPDMrubber product and varying in size. The material must be freeof dust, metals, and other contaminants.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.52 onMi

12、scellaneous Playing Surfaces.Current edition approved June 15, 2008. Published July 2008. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 2157 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annu

13、al Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Beuth Verlag GmbH (DIN- DIN Deutsches Institut furNormung e.V.), Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787, Berlin, Germany.4Available from IAAF Headquarters, 17 rue Princesse FlorestineBP 3

14、59,MC-98007, Monaco Cedex. http:/www.iaaf.org1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.7 recycled SBR rubber, ncrumbs, granules, orbuffings/strands manufactured through the ambient or cryo-genic grinding or crushing of car

15、or truck tires or industrialscrap and varying in size. Must be free of dust, metals, andother contaminants.3.1.8 SBR rubber product, nstyrene-butadiene rubbers arethe general-purpose synthetic rubbers.3.1.9 site report, na comprehensive report of the testresults obtained through site testing includi

16、ng site identifica-tion, testing conditions, test standard identification, test meth-odology, test results in average and by test point, a site planlocating test points and areas of deviation and a conclusionstating the classification achieved by the surface from thetesting.3.1.10 site testing, na c

17、ombination of on-site and labora-tory testing of site produced samples to establish compliance ofan installed surface within a classification or other specifica-tions.3.1.11 suitability report, na report of the results fromsuitability testing which may be used as a guideline for surfaceproduct compa

18、risons and as a general benchmark for installedsurfaces.3.1.12 suitability testing, na specific group of tests whichare performed in the laboratory on an uninstalled surfacesample. Such testing serves as a guideline for general surfacecompliance to the standard. It makes no inference about aninstall

19、ed surface.3.1.13 track classification, na rating given to a surfacebased on the test results of either the suitability testing or sitetesting. Tracks are classified A to C in descending order. Toachieve a classification, a surface must comply with all of thetest specifications of that classificatio

20、n.3.1.13.1 track classification Aa rating given to surfacesthat meet the specifications for the A level track surfaces asspecified herein.3.1.13.2 track classification Ba rating given to surfacesthat meet the specifications for B level track surface asspecified herein.3.1.13.3 track classification C

21、a rating given to surfacesthat meet the specifications for C level track surface asspecified herein.4. Significance and Use4.1 Data obtained from this specification are indicative ofthe performance characteristics for the running track surfaceand can be used only for comparisons and establishing min

22、i-mum requirements.5. Test Methods and Requirements for Asphalt Base5.1 Type and Compaction:5.1.1 Description and Required PerformanceThe asphaltbase and asphalt wearing course (two layers) for the runningtrack shall conform to the mixes established for road traffic inthe jurisdiction and according

23、to the synthetic surface manu-facturers recommendation of the running track. The asphaltbase and asphalt wearing course (two layers) shall be com-pacted to a minimum of 95 % density for machine finish and90 % density for hand packed areas according to Test MethodD 2950. Laboratory tests are performe

24、d with local DOTprocedures. Hand-packed limited to areas not accessible byappropriate equipment. Where the asphalt is permeable towater or of an open type, vertical drainage is required.5.1.2 Test MethodUse test method as described in TestMethod D 2950.5.2 Evenness:5.2.1 Description and Required Per

25、formanceThe runningtrack asphalt base shall be installed so that on a localized level,there shall be no bumps or depressions beneath a 3-m straight-edge exceeding 6 mm for a ClassAand B surfaces or 8 mm forClass C surfaces. Depressions beneath a 1-m straightedge shallnot exceed 3 mm for Class A and

26、Class B surface or 4 mm forClass C. There shall be no step-like irregularities greater than1 mm in height (see Table 1).5.2.2 Test MethodDrag or regularly place the 3-mstraightedge, advancing by one half the length of the straight-edge for each measurement, on the surface along the length ofthe odd

27、numbered lanes and each runway as a minimum.Additional locations may be tested at the discretion of the testlaboratory. Both ends of the straightedge should be in contactwith the asphalt surface. At each location use visual observa-tion to determine if a gap exists under the straightedge. Shoulda ga

28、p exist, use a calibrated wedge to determine the actual sizeof the gap. For runways, the measurement is regularly taken upthe center of the runway. Where a gap is found, this is recordedon a plan of the facility.5.3 Drainage:5.3.1 Description and Required PerformanceDue to therequirements for evenne

29、ss, the drainage requirements for theasphalt surface shall be the same as the drainage requirementsfor the synthetic surface as specified in this standard.5.3.2 Test MethodThe asphalt surface is flooded withwater by any number of means, and the time is measured fromthe time the flooding stops for 20

30、 min. Locations with standingwater are noted on a plan of the facility.6. Test Methods, Description, and Required Performancefor Newly Installed Synthetic Surfaces6.1 Imperfections:6.1.1 Description and Required PerformanceThe durabil-ity and dynamic performance of the surface may be compro-mised by

31、 imperfections such as bubbles, fissures, uncuredareas, delamination, etc. These will not be allowed and must becorrected.6.1.2 Test MethodA visual examination of the surface isconducted and imperfections noted on a plan of the facility. Aphotographic record of imperfections may be used to enhanceth

32、e report.6.2 Evenness:6.2.1 Description and Required PerformanceThe runningtrack surface shall be installed so that on a localized level, thereshall be no bumps or depressions beneath a 3-m straightedgeexceeding 6 mm for a Class A and B surfaces or 8 mm forClass C surfaces. Depressions beneath a 1-m

33、 straightedge shallnot exceed 3 mm for Class A and Class B surface or 4 mm forClass C. There shall be no step-like irregularities greater than1 mm in height. Particular attention is to be paid to seams andjoints in the running surface. The intent is to ensure the safetyof the athlete and provide an

34、even running surface.F 2157 0826.2.2 Test MethodDrag or regularly place the 3-mstraightedge, advancing by one half the length of the straight-edge for each measurement, on the surface, along the length ofthe odd-numbered lanes and centerline of each run-up andapproach area as a minimum. Additional l

35、ocations may betested at the discretion of the test laboratory. Both ends of thestraightedge should be in contact with the surface. At eachlocation use visual observation to determine if a gap existsunder the straightedge. Should a gap exist, verify that both endsof the straightedge rest on the surf

36、ace, moving the straightedgeif necessary, then use a calibrated wedge to determine theactual size of the gap. For runways, the measurement is takenup the center of the runway. For the high jump fan or “D” themeasurement is taken at 5-m intervals along parallel axes intwo directions. Where a gap is f

37、ound exceeding the maximumfor the class, this is recorded on a plan of the facility.6.3 Thickness:6.3.1 Description and Required PerformanceThe durabil-ity of the surface and the safety of the athlete can be affectedby the thickness of the running track surface. The use of spikesenhances this requir

38、ement for a minimum thickness. There willbe specifically designed areas such as in the javelin runway orother high stress areas where the safety of the athlete and thedurability of the surface will dictate that the thickness begreater than the minimum. This additional thickness shall notaffect the e

39、venness of the surface. The average thickness of therunning track surface shall be at least 12 mm, and nowhereshall the thickness be less than 10 mm. For Class A the totalarea with a thickness between 10 mm and 10.5 mm shall be nogreater than 5 % of the total surface.6.3.2 Test Method:6.3.2.1 A cali

40、brated three-prong floor depth measuringprobe is used to determine the thickness of the running surface.Care must be taken not to penetrate the asphalt base of therunning surface. This thickness is measured at a minimum of100 locations, starting at the finish line and moving in acounter-clockwise di

41、rection taking readings first in the evenlanes (2, 4, 6, 8) and then the odd lanes (1, 3, 5, 7) in the centerof each lane and at regular intervals. For Class A, the intervalis set at every 10 m. Runways shall be probed at 5-m intervalscentered along the length and the “D area” shall be probed ona mi

42、nimum of 15 locations evenly spaced throughout the areaas a minimum for Class B and Class C, while for Class A, thetest must be performed at 5-m intervals along parallel axes intwo directions. The measurements taken are recorded and thetest points listed in the test report.6.3.2.2 A core (10 to 25 m

43、m in diameter) is removed andmeasured using the following method to make the finaldetermination as to the actual thickness. The surface texture ofthe core is abraded with a grade 60 abrasive for approximately50 % of the surface area of the core. The thickness of theabraded area of the core is measur

44、ed using a thickness gaugefitted with a 0.01-mm accuracy dial, a plunger flat measuringsurface of 4-mm diameter, and a measurement force between0.8 N and 1.0 N is applied. The measurement is recorded to thenearest 0.1 mm. The difference in thickness between the actualsurface and the abraded surface

45、is calculated and the differencededucted from all of the actual probe measurements and theseare recorded as the thickness of the running surface for thepurpose of this standard.TABLE 1 Performance Requirements for the TestsTest Methodand RequirementClass ARequirementClass BRequirementClass CRequirem

46、entSuitability/Site TestImperfections No bubbles, fissures, uncuredareas delamination, etcANo bubbles, fissures, uncuredareas delamination, etc.No bubbles, fissures, uncuredareas delamination, etcSiteEvenness No depressions over 6 mm in 3 mor 3 mm/1 m; No step-likeirregularities greater than 1 mmANo

47、 depressions over 6 mm in 3 mor 3 mm/1 m; no step-likeirregularities greater than 1 mmNo depressions over 8 mm in 3 mor 4 mm/1 m; No step-likeirregularities greater than 1 mmSiteThickness To comply with IAAF ProductCertificate/IAAF Product Report orthis Standard compliance report,with no area under

48、80 % and withcompliance to Force Reduction andDeformation requirements met.Min 12 mm avg; nowhere 0.2 mm 0.5 mm thinfilm sample of each binder and coating utilized.9.1.5 For the EPDM, there must be a submission of a testcertificate provided by the EPDM manufacturer or 2 slabs 160mm 3 260 mm 3 2 mm p

49、lus 454 g (1 lb) of 2-mm EPDMgranules are required for laboratory testing.9.2 Written Submissions:9.2.1 Description of the system including composition,structures and texture of the system.9.2.2 Identification of the binders and coatings with mixingratios for two-component products by name and manufacturerare to be kept on file by the test laboratory for the purpose ofconfirmation of materials utilized on site.10. Report10.1 Suitability Report:10.1.1 Name of applicant/company;10.1.2 Description of samples (who produced them, whenand where were they pr