ASTM F2090-2017 Standard Specification for Window Fall Prevention Devices With Emergency Escape (Egress) Release Mechanisms《拥有应急逃生(出口)释放机制的防坠落窗装置的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2090 13F2090 17Standard Specification forWindow Fall Prevention Devices With Emergency Escape(Egress) Release Mechanisms1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of

2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses window fall prevention devices that protect agains

3、tpotential falls by children aged five years and under through open windows. Window fall preventiondevices currently available include window opening control devices, devices (WOCDs), window fallprevention screens, and some types of window guards. These devices use different strategies toprevent chi

4、ldren from falling through open windows. Window opening control devices (WOCDs)restrict the size of the open area of the window so that it is too small for a young child to fall through.They do this by allowing the window opening to be set at a predetermined position. Window fallprevention screens a

5、nd fall prevention window guards provide a barrier to prevent a child from fallingthrough an open window.A special study2 by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) indicates that youngchildren are at risk of death and serious injury from falls through open windows. Children aged fiveand

6、younger account for a higher percentage of window fall fatalities and injuries.3Window fall prevention devices usually differ in purpose and application from security/burglar bars.The general purpose of a window fall prevention device is to prevent a child age five or younger fromfalling through an

7、open window. The general purpose of a security bar is to prevent unlawful entrythrough a window. Generally window fall prevention devices and security bars are two separatedevices. However, a security bar could be used as a fall prevention device if it meets the requirementsof this specification.The

8、 CPSC has advised caregivers to open windows less than 4 in. when children are present as onemeans to prevent child falls through open windows. Window opening control devices (WOCDs)provide a means that the window, when opened in an initial operation, will satisfy the CPSCrecommendation to open less

9、 than 4 in.4 The 4-in. dimension is drawn from related building codes andstandards for openings in guardrail assemblies,5 and is universally accepted as the appropriatedimension to prevent a child from passing through balcony or guard railing systems. An additionaloperation is required to open the w

10、indow further. The additional operation must be performed withoutthe use of keys, tools, or special knowledge. Security from forced entry is not within the scope of thisstandard and is not the intended function of any of the devices referred to herein.The intent of this update to the standard is to

11、improve the clarity of performance and labelingrequirements and to reorganize the sections such that the general requirements, performance tests,safety information, labeling requirements, and installation instructions are separated by device type.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of AST

12、M Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.38 on Window FallPrevention.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2013Nov. 1, 2017. Published December 2015November 2017. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20102013as F2090 10.F2090 13.

13、 DOI: 10.1520/F2090-13.10.1520/F2090-17.2 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Special Window Falls Study, conducted in 1991.3 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Special Window Falls Study, conducted in 1991 and “Window Safety: Data and Patterns Related to Entrapments andAccidental Falls f

14、rom Windows,” prepared by Andersen Corporation.Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F15-1002.4 Consumer Product Safety Commission, “Preventing Window Falls,” Document #5124.5 See NFPA101, 2012 Edition, Section 7.2.2.4

15、.5.3.Also see Section R312.2,R312.1.3 guard opening limitations in the 2006 2012 and 2015 International Residential Code(IRC).This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becau

16、seit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Ba

17、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11. Scope1.1 This specification establishes requirements for devices intended to address the risk of injury and death associated withaccidental falls through open windows by children five years old and younger.1.2 This spec

18、ification is not intended to meet the unique requirements of Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA).1.3 This specification applies to window fall prevention devices, including window opening control devices, devices (WOCDs),window fall prevention screens, and fall prevention window guards, that are t

19、o be used on operable windows, including those thatare designated for emergency escape (egress) and rescue (ingress).NOTE 1A separate safety specification, Safety Specification F2006, covers window fall prevention devices for non-emergency escape (egress) andrescue (ingress) windows in installations

20、 more than 75 ft6 (23 m) above ground level in multiple family dwelling buildings since windows at these heightsare beyond the reach of rescue ladders currently in use.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversion

21、s to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvi

22、ronmental practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standar

23、ds, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:7F977 Consumer Safety Specification for Infant WalkersF1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public UseF200

24、6 Safety Specification for Window Fall Prevention Devices for Non-Emergency Escape (Egress) and Rescue (Ingress)Windows2.2 Code of Federal Regulations:816 CFR 1500.53 Test Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Over36 But Not Over 96 Months of Ag

25、e, (f)(3) Testing Procedure16 CFR 1508.6(b) Requirements for Full-Size Baby CribsCPSC 16 CFR Chapter 11 (1-1-87 Edition) II Part 1201 Safety Standard for Architectural Glazing Materials2.3 ANSI Standards:9ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and LabelsANSI Z535.6 Product Safety Instructions in Product M

26、anuals, Instructions and Other Collateral MaterialsANSI Z97.1 Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings Safety Performance Specifications and Methods of Test (TemperedGlass Impact Test)ANSI/BHMA A156.9 American National Standard for Cabinet HardwareANSI/SMA 1201 Specification for Insect Screens for

27、 Windows, Sliding Doors and Swinging Doors2.4 AAMA Standards:10AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/IS.2/A440 North American Fenestration Standard/Specification for Windows, Doors, and Skylights(NAFS)AAMA 902 Voluntary Specification for Sash Balances3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.

28、1 aftermarket, adjreferring to a product or device that is manufactured separately from a window but is intended to be usedin conjunction with a window. For purposes of this standard, such a device is intended to be attached to or near a window or itsframe in order to prevent a young child from pass

29、ing or falling through the window when the window is opened.3.1.2 emergency escape (egress) and rescue (ingress) window, na window intended for emergency escape (egress) and rescue(ingress) during an emergency situation such as fire, gas leak, etc., as defined by the prevailing applicable building a

30、nd fire codes.6 2006 International Building Code, Section 403.1, Special Provisions for Groups B and R1, January 2000.7 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to

31、 the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.8 Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.9 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.10 Available f

32、rom American Architectural Manufacturers Association, 1827 Walden Office Square, Suite 550,1900 E. Golf Road, Suite 1250, Schaumburg, IL 60173,http:/www.aamanet.org/index.asp.F2090 1723.1.3 fall prevention window guard, ndevice designed to fit into or onto a window to prevent a child from passing or

33、 fallingthrough an open window. Typically mounted on the interior frame of the window and includes side frames fastened to the sidesof a window frame and a plurality of spaced-apart, transverse, tubular, width-adjustable crosspiece elements to form a grid patternbetween the side supports to prevent

34、passage of a child. See Appendix X3 for examples.3.1.4 release mechanism for emergency escape (egress) and rescue (ingress) window fall prevention device, nmeans ofopening a window fall prevention screen or fall prevention window guard or releasing a window opening control device (WOCD)to provide a

35、clear opening space for the purpose of emergency escape or rescue.3.1.5 window, nan opening constructed in a wall or a roof to admit light or air, or both, to any enclosure.3.1.6 window fall, na fall through an open window.3.1.7 window fall prevention device, nany device intended to prevent a young

36、child from passing or falling through an openwindow. Such a device may be an integral part of a window, or may be attached to the window, its frame, or the area around thewindow after the window has been installed.3.1.8 window fall prevention screen, nscreen device designed to fit into or onto a win

37、dow to prevent a child from passing orfalling through an open window. Typically mounted on the exterior surface/frame of a sliding style window and on the interior ofa cranking style window and includes screening mesh or material and attachment mechanism(s) of sufficient strength to meet theperforma

38、nce requirements of this standard while preventing passage of a child. See Appendix X4 for examples.3.1.9 window opening control device, device (WOCD), ndevice that controls a window sash opening to be opened with normaloperation of the sash such as to prohibit the free passage of a 4.0-in. (102-mm)

39、 diameter rigid sphere11 at the lowest openingportion of the window opening, with a release mechanism that shall allow the sash to be opened to a larger opening area such asthat required for emergency escape and rescue, and that automatically resets when the window sash is fully closed. See Appendix

40、X5 for examples.3.1.9.1 controlled open position, nmaximum open position of a window sash, when the window opening control device(s)(WOCD(s) is engaged, that prohibits the free passage of a 4-in. (102-mm) diameter rigid sphere.WINDOW FALL PREVENTION SCREENS AND FALL PREVENTION WINDOW GUARD DEVICES4.

41、 General Requirements4.1 Window fall prevention screens or fall prevention window guard devices shall be constructed so as to prohibit the freepassage of a 4.0-in. (102-mm) diameter rigid sphere12 anywhere in the window opening (as required by applicable codes for thatjurisdiction), during or after

42、testing as specified in 5.1 5.4, when the window fall prevention screen or fall prevention windowguard device is installed in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.2 The distance between window fall prevention screen or fall prevention window guard device structural members orcomponents a

43、fter all testing is conducted shall not exceed 4.0 in. (102 mm) when a 60-lbf13 (267-N) direct force is applied inaccordance with the test method in 5.2.4.3 Releasable window fall prevention screen or fall prevention window guard devices shall be free of sharp projections andedges.4.4 Releasable win

44、dow fall prevention screens or fall prevention window guard devices shall not interfere with the operation,function or performance of the window to applicable standards and shall not violate light, ventilation, and emergency escape andrescue requirements of the applicable building code.4.5 Window fa

45、ll prevention screens or fall prevention window guard devices shall be designed with release mechanisms toallow for emergency escape (egress) without the need for special tools or special knowledge.4.5.1 Operation of emergency escape (egress) mechanisms shall be accomplished with a minimum amount of

46、 effort from theinside of the building, whether the window fall prevention screen and fall prevention window guard device is mounted inside oroutside the building.4.5.2 Release of the emergency escape (egress) mechanism shall require no more than 15 lbf (66 N) of force.144.5.3 To protect against ina

47、dvertent operation by a young child, the emergency escape (egress) release mechanism(s) shallrequire two distinct actions to operate.15 Opening the window fall prevention screen or fall prevention window guard shall notcount as one of these actions.11 CPSC Publication 362, “Safety Barrier Guidelines

48、 for Home Pools” and New Jersey Community Affairs Division of Codes and Standards, Cite 27 N.M.R. 3150,Subchapter 27 Child-Protection Window Guards 5:10 27.4 Specifications for Window Guards.12 CPSC Publication 362, “Safety Barrier Guidelines for Home Pools” and New Jersey Community Affairs Division

49、 of Codes and Standards, Cite 27 N.M.R. 3150,Subchapter 27 Child-Protection Window Guards 5:10 27.4 Specifications for Window Guards.13 “Anthropometry of Infants, Children, and Youths to Age 18 for Product Safety Design,” Highway Safety Research Institute, University of Michigan, May 31, 1977.14 16 CFR 1500.53, Test Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Over 36 But Not Over 96 Months of Age, (f)(3)Testing Procedure.15 16 CFR 1508.6(b), Requirements for Full-Size Baby Cribs.F2090 1734.5.4 The