ASTM F833-2015 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Carriages and Strollers《婴儿卧式和坐式推车的标准消费者安全性能规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F833 13bF833 15Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification forCarriages and Strollers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification addresses carriage and stroller incidents that wereidentified by the U.S. Consumer

3、 Product Safety Commission (CPSC).The CPSC identified injuries to children associated with the following: stability, brakes, restraintsystems, latches and folding mechanisms, structural integrity, cords, wheel detachment, and deathsdue to entrapment in openings of convertible carriage/strollers. In

4、response to the incident-datacompiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety performance specification attempts to minimize thepreviously listed problems. This specification does not cover carriages and strollers that are blatantlymisused, although warnings and safety instructions are required to be prom

5、inently displayed on orwith each carriage or stroller.NOTE 1This consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents andinjuries resulting from the interaction of other persons with children in carriages or strollers orincidents resulting from unforeseeable abuse or misuse

6、.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state of the art ofcarriage and stroller technology. It is intended that this specification will be updated wheneversubstantive information becomes available which necessitates additional requirements or justifies therevis

7、ion of existing requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements tominimize the hazards to children presented by carriages and strollers as identified in the introduction. Childrens products such astricyc

8、les, bicycles or other similar wheeled products that can be self-propelled by a child are not considered carriages or strollerssubject to the requirements of this standard, even if the item has a temporary or permanent handle.1.2 No carriage or stroller produced after the approval date of this consu

9、mer safety performance specification shall, either bylabel or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements herein.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions t

10、o SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated

11、 with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consume

12、r Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.17 on Carriages,Strollers, Walkers and Stationary Activity Centers.Current edition approved Nov

13、. 1, 2013Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2013December 2015. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2013 asF833 13a.F833 13b. DOI: 10.1520/F0833-13B.10.1520/F0833-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at servic

14、eastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Be

15、causeit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100

16、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyF2680 Specification for Manually Operated Front Wheel Retention Systems for Bicycles2.2 Federal Standards:16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Pr

17、oducts Bearing Lead-Containing Paint316 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations3 including sections:1500.48 Mechanical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or OtherArticles Intended for Use by Children UnderEight Years of Age1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp

18、Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age1500.50-52 Tests Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under

19、 Three Years of Age WhichPresent Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts316 CFR 1508.07 (c)2.3 Other Standards:AS/NZS 2088 Prams and strollerssafety requirements4EN 1888 Child care articles - Wheeled child conveyances - Safety requirements and test methods53. Terminology3.1

20、Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 2D fold stroller, na stroller that folds the handlebars and leg tubes only in the front-to-back (or back-to-front) direction.3.1.2 3D fold stroller, na stroller that, when folded, collapses all handlebars and leg tubes both in the front-to-back (o

21、rback-to-front) and side-to-side directions.3.1.3 carriage, nwheeled vehicle generally used for the transport of an infant who is generally in a lying down position. Themotive power is supplied by a person or persons pushing or pulling on a handle attached to the vehicle.Acarriage may be capableof b

22、eing folded for storage.3.1.4 conspicuous, nlabel that is visible, when the unit is in a manufacturers recommended use position, to a person standingnear the unit at any one position around the unit but not necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.5 convertible car seat/stroller, ncar seat that ha

23、s wheels and handle that can be converted to become a stroller without theaddition of other components.3.1.6 convertible carriage/stroller, nwheeled vehicle that is intended to be converted by the owner to be used as either acarriage or a stroller.3.1.7 cord, na length of slender, flexible material

24、including monofilaments, woven and twisted cord, rope, elastic cords, plastictextile tapes, ribbon, and those fibrous materials commonly called string.3.1.8 double action release mechanism, na release mechanism that requires either two consecutive actions, the first of whichmust be maintained while

25、the second is carried out, or two separate and independent single action locking mechanisms that mustbe activated simultaneously to fully release.3.1.9 harness system, nshall include a waist and crotch restraint and a means of restraining the upper torso.3.1.10 infant, nyoung child who is not capabl

26、e of sitting unassisted.3.1.11 jogging stroller, nstroller intended to be used for children at a jogging rate (run at a steady slow trot).3.1.12 manufacturers recommended use position, nany position that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for use of the product by the ma

27、nufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. This specifically excludespositions that the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.3.1.13 non-paper label, nany label material (such as plastic or metal) that either will not tea

28、r without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.14 occupant(s), nthat individual or those individuals who are in a product that is set up in one of the manufacturersrecommended use positions.3.1.15 occupant retention space, nspace enclosed by the surfaces, for example, side wal

29、ls or the floor, or both, of a carriageor convertible carriage/stroller that contains the occupant within a carriage or a stroller in the reclined carriage position.3.1.16 paper label, nany label material that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.17 quick release mechanism, n

30、lever-actuated cam mechanism that connects and retains a wheel in a fork assembly.3 Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.4 Available from SAI Global, http:/.5 Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue Marnix 17, B

31、-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.F833 1523.1.18 reclined carriage position, nadjustment position of a convertible carriage/stroller that allows for an interior angle ofgreater than 150 between the seat surface and the backrest.3.1.19 removable-wheel fork assembly, nfork assembly from which

32、 the wheel can be removed and reattached as amanufacturer recommended normal product use.3.1.19.1 DiscussionA removable-wheel fork assembly can employ a quick release mechanism or other manually operated mechanism that does notrequire the use of tools for installation or removal.3.1.20 saddle hinge

33、link, na folding joint on the side of a 3D fold stroller that connects the front leg tube and handle tube.3.1.20.1 DiscussionIt includes a component (saddle hinge) that contains a pivot location and a recessed groove (see Fig. 1). When the stroller isunfolded, one of the tubes rotates around the sad

34、dle hinge pivot and rests in the recessed groove.3.1.21 static load, nvertically downward force applied by a calibrated force gage or by dead weights.3.1.22 strap, npiece of flexible material of which the width is significantly greater than the thickness.3.1.23 stroller, nwheeled vehicle for the tra

35、nsport of infants or children generally in a sitting-up or semi-reclined position. Themotive power is supplied by a person moving at a walking rate while pushing on a handle attached to the stroller. A strollergenerally is capable of being folded for storage. Strollers normally are used for children

36、 from infancy to 36 months of age.3.1.24 tray/grab bar locking position, nany position in which the tray or grab bar can lock including positions intended bythe manufacturer for non-occupant use.3.1.25 tray/grab bar stop position, nany position in which the tray or grab bar is forward of the occupan

37、t, is not in a lockingposition, and remains stationary when a 5 lb force is applied to it for 10 s at any location and in any direction likely to cause itto change position.3.1.25.1 DiscussionThe 5 lb force is designed to overcome any small frictional force which would otherwise be overcome during n

38、ormal use.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that shall be covered with 18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering, unlesstest instructs differently.4.2 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufact

39、urers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with an ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 h prior totesting. Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature range.4.5 All testing required

40、by this specification shall be conducted on the same unit with the exception of 7.2, where a new unitcan be used if the unit frame permanently deforms.5. General Requirements5.1 There shall be no hazardous points or edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testingto thi

41、s consumer safety specification.FIG. 1 Saddle Hinge LinkF833 1535.2 There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501 before testing or liberated as a result of testing to this specification.5.3 The paint and surface-coating on the product shall comply to 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Prior to testing, any

42、exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free of splinters.5.5 Latching Mechanisms:5.5.1 Any unit that folds shall have a latching device or other provision in the design that will prevent the unit fromunintentional folding when properly placed in the manufacturers recommended use position. Products w

43、ith latching devices forprevention of unintentional folding shall be tested in accordance with 7.2. During and upon completion of this test, the unit shallmeet the requirements in 5.5.1.1 or 5.5.1.2.5.5.1.1 The locking device on the unit shall remain latched.5.5.1.2 The stroller frame components yie

44、ld and permanently deform in a manner such that the full load specified cannot beapplied in the direction of folding and the locking device remains engaged.5.5.2 Strollers that employ hinged links with a geometric over center action (see Fig. 2) to maintain the product in the normaluse position shal

45、l require two distinct and separate actions on the part of the user to initiate folding of the product. Such strollersshall require only a single action on the part of the user to secure the stroller in the normal use position.5.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through a wall section of

46、 any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) thickand admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots that are between0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but are limited

47、in depth to0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 3). The product shall be evaluated in allmanufacturers recommended use positions.5.7 Scissoring, Shearing, and Pinching:5.7.1 The unit, when in the manufacturers recommended use position, shall be designed

48、 and constructed so as to prevent injuryto the occupant from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching when members or components rotate about a common axis or fasteningpoint, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that may cause injury existswhe

49、n the edges of the rigid parts admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter probe but do not admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameterprobe at any accessible point throughout the range of motion of such parts. This excludes the adjustment of accessory items suchas storage latches, baskets, etc.NOTE 1The evaluation at any given location is performed with the understanding that the probes are allowed to enter the location from anyangle/direction.5.7.2 Saddle hinge links on 3D fold strollers shall be designed and constructed so as