ASTM F833-2013a Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Carriages and Strollers《卧式和坐式婴儿推车的标准消费品安全性能规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F833 13aStandard Consumer Safety Performance Specification forCarriages and Strollers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification addresses carriage and stroller incidents that wereidentified by the U.S. Consumer Pr

3、oduct Safety Commission (CPSC).The CPSC identified injuries to children associated with the following: stability, brakes, restraintsystems, latches and folding mechanisms, structural integrity, cords, wheel detachment, and deathsdue to entrapment in openings of convertible carriage/strollers. In res

4、ponse to the incident-datacompiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety performance specification attempts to minimize thepreviously listed problems. This specification does not cover carriages and strollers that are blatantlymisused, although warnings and safety instructions are required to be promine

5、ntly displayed on orwith each carriage or stroller.NOTE 1This consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents andinjuries resulting from the interaction of other persons with children in carriages or strollers orincidents resulting from unforeseeable abuse or misuse.Th

6、is consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state of the art ofcarriage and stroller technology. It is intended that this specification will be updated wheneversubstantive information becomes available which necessitates additional requirements or justifies therevision

7、 of existing requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safetyperformance requirements, test methods, and labeling require-ments to minimize the hazards to children presented bycarriages and strollers as identified in the introduction. Chil-drens products such as tricycl

8、es, bicycles or other similarwheeled products that can be self-propelled by a child are notconsidered carriages or strollers subject to the requirements ofthis standard, even if the item has a temporary or permanenthandle.1.2 No carriage or stroller produced after the approval dateof this consumer s

9、afety performance specification shall, eitherby label or other means, indicate compliance with this speci-fication unless it conforms to all requirements herein.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI

10、units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety speci-fication: This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with

11、its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer S

12、afety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyF2680 Specification for Manually Operated Front WheelRetention Systems for Bicycles2.2 Federal Standards:16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Conta

13、ining Paint31This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.17 onCarriages, Strollers, Walkers and Stationary Activity Centers.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2013. Published October 2013. Originallyappro

14、ved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F833 13. DOI:10.1520/F0833-13A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary

15、 page onthe ASTM website.3Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States116 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations3in-cluding sec

16、tions:1500.48 Mechanical Requirements for Determining a SharpPoint in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a SharpMetal or Glass Edge in Toys or OtherArticles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age1500

17、.50-52 Tests Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse ofToys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts316 CF

18、R 1508.07 (c)2.3 Other Standards:AS/NZS 2088 Prams and strollerssafety requirements4EN 1888 Child care articles - Wheeled child conveyances -Safety requirements and test methods53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 2D fold stroller, na stroller that folds the handle

19、barsand leg tubes only in the front-to-back (or back-to-front)direction.3.1.2 3D fold stroller, na stroller that, when folded,collapses all handlebars and leg tubes both in the front-to-back(or back-to-front) and side-to-side directions.3.1.3 carriage, nwheeled vehicle generally used for thetranspor

20、t of an infant who is generally in a lying down position.The motive power is supplied by a person or persons pushingor pulling on a handle attached to the vehicle. A carriage maybe capable of being folded for storage.3.1.4 conspicuous, nlabel that is visible, when the unit isin a manufacturers recom

21、mended use position, to a personstanding near the unit at any one position around the unit butnot necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.5 convertible carriage/stroller, nwheeled vehicle thatis intended to be converted by the owner to be used as either acarriage or a stroller.3.1.6 cord, na leng

22、th of slender, flexible material includ-ing monofilaments, woven and twisted cord, rope, elasticcords, plastic textile tapes, ribbon, and those fibrous materialscommonly called string.3.1.7 double action release mechanism, na release mecha-nism that requires either two consecutive actions, the first

23、 ofwhich must be maintained while the second is carried out, ortwo separate and independent single action locking mecha-nisms that must be activated simultaneously to fully release.3.1.8 harness system, nshall include a waist and crotchrestraint and a means of restraining the upper torso.3.1.9 infan

24、t, nyoung child who is not capable of sittingunassisted.3.1.10 jogging stroller, nstroller intended to be used forchildren at a jogging rate (run at a steady slow trot).3.1.11 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyposition that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration fo

25、r use of the product by the manufacturer in anydescriptive or instructional literature. This specifically ex-cludes positions that the manufacturer shows in a like mannerin its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recom-mended.3.1.12 non-paper label, nany label material (such asplastic or m

26、etal) that either will not tear without the aid of toolsor tears leaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.13 occupant(s), nthat individual or those individualswho are in a product that is set up in one of the manufacturersrecommended use positions.3.1.14 occupant retention space, nspace enclosed by thesur

27、faces, for example, side walls or the floor, or both, of acarriage or convertible carriage/stroller that contains the occu-pant within a carriage or a stroller in the reclined carriageposition.3.1.15 paper label, nany label material that tears withoutthe aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.16

28、 quick release mechanism, nlever-actuated cammechanism that connects and retains a wheel in a forkassembly.3.1.17 reclined carriage position, nadjustment position ofa convertible carriage/stroller that allows for an interior angleof greater than 150 between the seat surface and the backrest.3.1.18 r

29、emovable-wheel fork assembly, nfork assemblyfrom which the wheel can be removed and reattached as amanufacturer recommended normal product use.3.1.18.1 DiscussionA removable-wheel fork assemblycan employ a quick release mechanism or other manuallyoperated mechanism that does not require the use of t

30、ools forinstallation or removal.3.1.19 saddle hinge link, na folding joint on the side of a3D fold stroller that connects the front leg tube and handletube.3.1.19.1 DiscussionIt includes a component (saddlehinge) that contains a pivot location and a recessed groove (seeFig. 1). When the stroller is

31、unfolded, one of the tubes rotatesaround the saddle hinge pivot and rests in the recessed groove.3.1.20 static load, nvertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gage or by dead weights.3.1.21 strap, npiece of flexible material of which thewidth is significantly greater than the thickness

32、.3.1.22 stroller, nwheeled vehicle for the transport ofinfants or children generally in a sitting-up or semi-reclinedposition. The motive power is supplied by a person moving ata walking rate while pushing on a handle attached to thestroller. A stroller generally is capable of being folded forstorag

33、e. Strollers normally are used for children from infancyto 36 months of age.4Available from SAI Global, http:/.5Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), AvenueMarnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.F833 13a24. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall b

34、e conducted on a concrete floor thatshall be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering,unless test instructs differently.4.2 The unit shall be completely assembled, unless other-wise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of

35、manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hprior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit with the e

36、xception of 7.2, where a newunit can be used if the unit frame permanently deforms.5. General Requirements5.1 There shall be no hazardous points or edges as definedby 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before and aftertesting to this consumer safety specification.5.2 There shall be no small parts as

37、defined by 16 CFR 1501before testing or liberated as a result of testing to thisspecification.5.3 The paint and surface-coating on the product shallcomply to 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Prior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smoothand free of splinters.5.5 Latching Mechanisms:5.5.1 Any unit that fold

38、s shall have a latching device orother provision in the design that will prevent the unit fromunintentional folding when properly placed in the manufactur-ers recommended use position. Products with latching devicesfor prevention of unintentional folding shall be tested inaccordance with 7.2. During

39、 and upon completion of this test,the unit shall meet the requirements in 5.5.1.1 or 5.5.1.2.5.5.1.1 The locking device on the unit shall remain latched.5.5.1.2 The stroller frame components yield and perma-nently deform in a manner such that the full load specifiedcannot be applied in the direction

40、 of folding and the lockingdevice remains engaged.5.5.2 Strollers that employ hinged links with a geometricover center action (see Fig. 2) to maintain the product in thenormal use position shall require two distinct and separateactions on the part of the user to initiate folding of the product.Such

41、strollers shall require only a single action on the part ofthe user to secure the stroller in the normal use position.5.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also

42、admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but arelimited in depth to 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 3). The product sh

43、allbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.7 Scissoring, Shearing, and Pinching:5.7.1 The unit, when in the manufacturers recommendeduse position, shall be designed and constructed so as to preventinjury to the occupant from any scissoring, shearing, orpinching when members or

44、components rotate about a commonaxis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise moverelative to one another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching thatmay cause injury exists when the edges of the rigid parts admita 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter probe but do not admit a0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diame

45、ter probe at any accessible pointthroughout the range of motion of such parts. This excludes theadjustment of accessory items such as storage latches, baskets,etc.NOTE 1The evaluation at any given location is performed with theunderstanding that the probes are allowed to enter the location from anya

46、ngle/direction.5.7.2 Saddle hinge links on 3D fold strollers shall bedesigned and constructed so as to prevent injury fromscissoring, shearing, or pinching. Scissoring, shearing, orpinching that may cause injury exists in a saddle hinge linkwhen the edges of the rigid parts admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-m

47、m)FIG. 1 Saddle Hinge LinkFIG. 2 Stroller With Hinged LinkF833 13a3diameter probe but do not admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)diameter probe when tested in accordance with 7.17.1.NOTE 2The evaluation at any given location is performed with theunderstanding that the probes are allowed to enter the location

48、 from anyangle/direction.5.7.3 Canopy pivots and canopy frame members shallcomply with 5.7.1 when tested in accordance with 7.17.2.Canopy stretcher/locking device(s) are exempt from this re-quirement (see Fig. 4). The interface between canopy rods andcanopy stops are exempt from this requirement if

49、the canopyrod does not pass over or through the final canopy stop. Finalcanopy stops are those that prevent further movement oradjustment of the canopy (see example in Fig. 5). Intermediatecanopy stop positions are not exempt from this requirement.5.7.4 The frame folding action of a 2D fold stroller andconvertible carriage/stroller (carriages are exempted from thisrequirement) shall be designed and constructed so as to preventinjury from scissoring, shearing, or pinching. Scissoring,shearing, or pinching that may cause in