ASTM F538-2013 Standard Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Performance of Tires《与轮胎特性和性能相关的标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation: F538 13Standard Terminology Relating to theCharacteristics and Performance of Tires1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F538; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology primarily covers definitions for tech-nical terms that occur in ASTM Committee F09 standards onthe characteristics an
3、d performance of tires.1.2 Definitions for terms that may also be used in othertechnologies, such as vehicle behavior, are worded to coverboth areas.1.3 When any definition in this terminology (that does nothave the limiting phrase) is quoted out of context, editoriallyinsert the limiting phrase in
4、a tire after the dash following theterm. This will properly limit the field of application of theterm and definition.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:accelerometer, nan instrument that senses inertial reaction tomeasure linear or angular acceleration. F811accuracy, na measurement concept that describes
5、 the degreeof correspondence between an average measured value andan accepted reference or standard value for the object,material or phenomenon under test. F1082age, vto apply conditions so as to promote change of materialproperties. F2838aging, accelerated laboratory (also: aging, laboratory),nincr
6、eased rate of tire material property changes underspecified conditions, including temperature, inflationpressure, oxygen concentration in the filling gas, and time.F2838aging, in-service, nmaterial property changes within tiresdue to consumer usage. F2838aging, oven, naccelerated laboratory aging in
7、 an elevatedtemperature environment. F2838aging, thermal oxidative, nthe process whereby chemicaland physical material properties of a tire change withexposure to heat and oxygen. F2838aligning stiffness FL/, nof a tire, the rate of change of tirealigning torque with respect to change in tire slip a
8、ngle,usually evaluated at zero slip angle.aligning stiffness coefficient, nof a tire, the ratio of tirealigning stiffness to the tire normal force.aligning torque FL, nof a tire, the component of a tiremoment vector tending to rotate a tire about the Z-axis,positive clockwise when looking in the pos
9、itive direction ofthe Z-axis. F403, F424alignment, nthe adjustment of various parts of the vehiclessuspension system to ensure proper handling stability and tominimize abnormal tire treadwear. F1922all-season tread, ntread design providing dry, wet, and snowtraction performance for an optimized bala
10、nce for year-round performance and which may meet the Rubber Manu-facturers Association (RMA) definition for an M specific limitsnormally apply. F8111This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F09 on Tiresand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.94 on Terminology.Curren
11、t edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F538 09. DOI:10.1520/F0538-13.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1bead, nof a tire, the part of a
12、tire that comes in contact withthe rim and is shaped to secure the tire to the rim. F1922,F1923, F2663bead separation, na breakdown of bond between tirecomponents in the bead area. F1922bead unseating block, nmachined block of cast aluminum(also known as “shoe”) used on the bead unseating fixture to
13、press against the tire sidewall. F2663belt, nin a tire, a breaker that substantially restricts thecarcass in a circumferential direction. F1922, F1923belt edge (BE) temperature, nin the cross section of a radialtire, the temperature at the edge of the stabilizer plies orbelts, for example, in the ru
14、bber region of the two belt edges.F2779, F2869belt separation, na breakdown of bonding between the beltsor plies or tread, or combination thereof. F1922bias, nthe difference between the average measured testresult and the accepted reference value; it measures in aninverse manner the accuracy of a te
15、st. F1082black sidewall, na sidewall on which only black compoundscomprise the outer visible surface of the tire. F724block, nsynonym for element. F1426bottom out, vto deform a tire by radial load on the tread untilradial movement of the inside surface is stopped by the rimor other tire inside surfa
16、ce. F414braking coefficient nd, nthe ratio of the braking force tothe normal force on a tire.braking force F, nof a tire, the negative longitudinal forceresulting from braking torque application. F403, F408braking force coefficient, nof a tire, the ratio of brakingforce to normal force. F403, F408br
17、aking force coefficient, peak, nof a tire, the maximumvalue of tire braking force coefficient that occurs prior towheel lockup as the braking torque is progressively in-creased. F403, F408braking force coefficient, slide, nof a tire, the value ofbraking force coefficient obtained on a locked wheel.
18、F 403,F408braking torque ML2/T2,nof a vehicle, the negative wheeltorque. F403, F408brand, nof a tire, the name under which one or more tirelines are marketed.brand, tire, private, na brand name used by a tire seller orgroup of sellers who are not manufacturers.break, na crack or tear extending into
19、or through thereinforcing material. F1922breaker, nin a tire, one or more plies under the tread regionof a tire that are additional to those which extend from beadto bead.break-in L,none or more periods of initial standardizedtire operation during which tire is brought to the state whichwill lead to
20、 more consistent test results. F762, F1016calibration tire, na witness tire designed to provide a fixedor known test value for selected properties. F1806candidate tire, na test tire that is part of a test program.F1572, F1649, F1650, F1805, F1806, F1922candidate tire set, na set of candidate tires.
21、F1572, F1649,F1805, F1806caravan, nfor purposes of a tire test, two or more vehiclesrunning in the same time frame, over the same test course(s),under similar but independent conditions. F1922carcass, nof a tire, the part of a tire structure that does notinclude the tread and sidewall rubber.casing,
22、 nof a tire, a used or treadless tire to which additionaltread rubber may be attached for the purpose of retreading.F1922center of tire contact, nthe intersection of the wheel planeand the vertical projection of the spin axis of a wheel ontothe road plane.center rib, na rib at or near the circumfere
23、ntial centerline ofthe tread band. F1426center row, na row located at or near the circumferentialcenterline. F1426center wear, na type of irregular wear characterized by awear rate continuously increasing from shoulder to center ofthe tread band. F1426centripetal acceleration ML2/T2,nof a vehicle, t
24、hecomponent of the vector acceleration (of a point in a vehicle)perpendicular to the tangent of the path of the point andparallel to the road plane.chip and tear, na special type of irregular wear characterizedby a rough tread surface which may contain cracks, abrasionpits or surface ruptures. F1426
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