ASTM F404-2016a Standard Consumer Safety Specification for High Chairs《高脚椅的标准消费者安全规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F404 16aStandard Consumer Safety Specification forHigh Chairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses

2、 indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses high chair incidents that were identified by the U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).CPSC identified

3、injuries to children associated with tray disengagement, falls resulting whenchildren stood up on the seat of a high chair, entrapment between the tray and the seat, and tipover.By far the most common injury resulted from children falling when they were able to stand up on theseat of the high chair

4、because they were not secured by the restraining system. In response to theincident data developed by the Commission, this consumer safety performance specification attemptsto minimize the above listed problems.This consumer safety performance specification does not cover high chairs that are either

5、 blatantlymisused or are used in a careless manner that disregards the warnings and safety instructions that areprovided with each high chair.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of highchair technology. It is intended that this specification

6、will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available that necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers the perfor-mance requirements and methods of test to ensure the satis-factory performanc

7、e of the high chair and high chairs createdby using a high chair conversion kit and component(s) fromanother product.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to mini-mize injuries to children resulting from normal usage andreasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of high chairs.NOTE 1This co

8、nsumer safety specification is not intended to addressaccidents and injuries resulting from the interaction of older children withchildren in the high chair or the accidents resulting from abuse and misuseby persons over three years of age.1.3 No high chair or high chair conversion kit producedafter

9、 the approval date of this consumer safety specificationshall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance withthis specification unless it conforms to all requirements con-tained herein.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses

10、are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,

11、 associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.NOTE 2This consumer safety specification includes the followingsections:Title SectionScope 1Refer

12、enced Documents 2Terminology 3Calibration and Standardization 4General Requirements 5Compliance When Used WithConversion Kits5.3Threaded Fasteners 5.5Latching or Locking Mechanisms 5.9Labeling 5.10Openings 5.11Performance Requirements 6Protective Components 6.1Removable Tray or Front Torso SupportPe

13、rformance Integrity6.21This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.16 on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published August 2016. Orig

14、inallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F404 16. DOI:10.1520/F0404-16A.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Tray or Front Torso Support Performance Pull Test6.3Static Load 6.4Stability 6.5Exposed C

15、oil Springs 6.6Scissoring, Shearing, and Pinching 6.7Restraint System 6.8Passive Crotch Restraint System 6.9Structural Integrity 6.10Tray Latch Release Mechanisms 6.11Side Containment 6.12Test Methods 7Locking Mechanisms 7.1Protective Components 7.2Tray or Front Torso Support Drop Test 7.3Tray or Fr

16、ont Torso Support Disengagement Horizontal Pull Test7.4Tray or Front Torso Support Disengagement Vertical Pull Test7.5Static Load Testing 7.6Stability Testing 7.7Restraint System Retention Test 7.8Permanency of Labels and Warnings 7.9Dynamic High Chair Test 7.10Completely Bounded Openings 7.11Tray L

17、atch Release Mechanism Accessibility 7.12Side Containment Openings 7.14Labeling and Warnings 8Instructional Literature 9Keywords 10Rationale Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Siz

18、eBaby Cribs/Play YardsF833 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Car-riages and StrollersF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substanc

19、esAct Regulations Includ-ing Sections:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended fo

20、r Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1

21、.1 accessory, ncomponent, included with a high chairor sold separately by the manufacturer of the high chair.3.1.2 conspicuous, adjlabel that is visible, when the highchair is in a manufacturers recommended use position and anoccupant is sitting in the high chair, to a person standing nearthe high c

22、hair at any one position around the high chair but notnecessarily visible from all positions.3.1.3 double action release mechanism, nmechanism re-quiring either two consecutive actions, the first of which mustbe maintained while the second is carried out or two separateand independent locking mechan

23、isms that must be activatedsimultaneously to fully release the tray.3.1.4 fabric, nany woven, knit, coated, laminated,extruded, or calendared flexible material which is intended tobe sewn, welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.3.1.5 flexible passive crotch restraint, na passive crotc

24、hrestraint made of flexible material, such as fabric or webbing.3.1.6 front torso support, na barrier extending horizon-tally across the seat of the high chair that is the primary supportintended to restrict forward movement of the occupants torsowhen the tray is removed and creates a completely or

25、partiallybounded opening in front of the occupant.3.1.7 high chair, na free standing chair for a child up to 3years of age which has a seating surface more than 15 in. abovethe floor and elevates the child normally for the purposes offeeding or eating.3.1.7.1 DiscussionA high chair may be sold with

26、orwithout a tray and may be height adjustable to higher or loweruse positions. It may also include a recline position for infantsnot able to sit up unassisted.3.1.8 high chair conversion kit, nan accessory or compo-nent sold by the manufacturer of a product or high chair andused to convert or modify

27、 a product so that it can be used as ahigh chair.3.1.9 key structural elements, nsubassemblies such asseat assemblies, leg assemblies, base assemblies, or individualcomponents such as footrests, stabilizing bars, front torsosupports, passive crotch restraints, or other components de-signed to suppor

28、t the weight of the occupant, or a combinationthereof.3.1.10 latch release surface, nany surface on the tray latchrelease mechanism that results in the tray releasing from itsadjustment position when a force is applied perpendicular tothat surface.3.1.11 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyp

29、osition that is presented by the manufacturer in any descrip-tive or instructional literature as a normal, allowable, oracceptable configuration for the use of the product. Thisspecifically excludes positions which the manufacturer showsin a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe,

30、ornot recommended.3.1.12 nonpaper label, nany label material (such as plas-tic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears leaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.3.1.13 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product inone of the manufacturers recommended u

31、se positions.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office

32、Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.F404 16a23.1.14 paper label, nany label material (except fabric)that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.15 passive crotch restraint, na component that sepa-rates the openings for the le

33、gs of the occupant into two separatebounded openings and requires no action on the part of thecaregiver to use except to position one leg into each openingcreated by the component.3.1.16 protrusion, na rigid projection that is elevatedabove the immediately adjacent surface.3.1.17 protrusion evaluati

34、on zone, nareas on the exteriorplanes of the high chair base at the rear corners which arewithin 2 in. from the corners formed by the intersection of therear and side planes of the base and are located between 12 and17 in. above the floor. See Fig. 1.3.1.17.1 DiscussionThis does not include surfaces

35、 insidethe exterior plane of the high chair base.3.1.18 seam, nmeans of joining fabric components suchas sewing, welding, heat sealing or gluing.3.1.19 seating surface, nseat support surface for theoccupant that exists between the side surfaces, seat backsurface, and the INNER SURFACE of the passive

36、 crotchrestraint.3.1.19.1 DiscussionFor seats with open sides, the seatside surfaces are defined by a vertical plane tangent to theinside surface of the high chair armrest.3.1.20 static load, nvertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.3.1.21 tether, na means of

37、attaching a component usingflexible plastic, webbing, or cord.3.1.22 threaded fastener, na discrete piece of hardwarethat has internal or external screw threads which are used forthe assembly of multiple parts and facilitate disassembly.3.1.23 top corner, nan edge on the top side of the uppersection

38、 of a protrusion created by the intersection of twosurfaces that intersect at an angle less than 180. See Fig. 2.3.1.24 tray latch release mechanism, nmechanism forreleasing the latch that secures a tray onto a high chair or intoan adjustment position, or both.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 A

39、ll testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless test instructs differently.4.2 The high chair shall be completely assembled, unlessotherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers in-structions.4.3 No testing shall be cond

40、ucted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hprior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.5. General Requirements5.1 For products sold as a high chair, all compone

41、ntsnecessary for a high chair to comply with the requirements ofthis standard must be included when shipped from the manu-facturer in the package with the product or one of the packagesif multiple packages are used.5.2 For high chair conversion kits sold separately or in-cluded with a product to con

42、vert a product into a high chair, allcomponents necessary to comply with this standard must beincluded when shipped from the manufacturer in the packagewith the product or the conversion kit, or both, or one of thepackages if multiple packages are used.5.3 Compliance When Used With Conversion Kits:5

43、.3.1 When a conversion kit is used to convert a high chairto a different product which falls under the scope of anotherASTM standard, it shall comply with the applicable require-ments of that standard.5.4 The high chair with any accessory(s) included or anyaccessories sold by the manufacturer of the

44、 high chair for usewith the specific high chair model being tested shall, wheninstalled in a manufacturers recommended use position inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions, comply withthe requirements of this standard.FIG. 1 Protrusion Evaluation ZonesF404 16a3NOTE 3Any accessory included w

45、ith the high chair which per themanufacturers instructions is for use only when the high chair isconverted into another product, are exempt from the requirement in 5.4.5.5 Threaded Fasteners:5.5.1 Wood Screws and Sheet Metal Screws:5.5.1.1 Wood screws and sheet metal screws shall not beused by the m

46、anufacturer in the assembly of key structuralelements of a high chair or other components that must beremoved by the consumer in the disassembly of a high chair orconversion to a different use mode per the manufacturersinstructions.NOTE 4Wood screws are permitted to be used as the primary fastenerso

47、r only fasteners when used to secure components or assemblies that arenot key structural elements.5.5.1.2 No high chair shall require consumer assembly ofkey structural elements using wood screws or sheet metalfasteners directly into wood components.5.5.1.3 Factory assembly using wood screws on key

48、struc-tural elements is allowed if the wood screws are a secondmethod of attachment or the wood screws include a lockwasher, glue or other means to impede loosening or detach-ment.5.5.1.4 Metal inserts, with external wood screw threads forscrewing into a wood component and providing internalmachine

49、threads to accommodate a machine screw, that areused to secure key structural elements shall be glued or includeother means to impede loosening or detaching.5.5.2 Metal threaded fasteners, such as sheet metal screwsand machine screws, secured into metal components and usedto attach key structural elements shall have lock washers,selflocking nuts, or other means to impede loosening asdefined in 6.10.1.5 or detachment during the testing requiredby this specification.5.6 There shall be no hazardous sharp edges or points asdefined b