ASTM F404-2014 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for High Chairs《高脚椅的标准消费品安全规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F404 14Standard Consumer Safety Specification forHigh Chairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses

2、indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses high chair incidents that were identified by the U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).CPSC identified i

3、njuries to children associated with tray disengagement, falls resulting whenchildren stood up on the seat of a high chair, entrapment between the tray and the seat, and tipover.By far the most common injury resulted from children falling when they were able to stand up on theseat of the high chair b

4、ecause they were not secured by the restraining system. In response to theincident data developed by the Commission, this consumer safety performance specification attemptsto minimize the above listed problems.This consumer safety performance specification does not cover high chairs that are either

5、blatantlymisused or are used in a careless manner that disregards the warnings and safety instructions that areprovided with each high chair.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of highchair technology. It is intended that this specification w

6、ill be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available that necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers the perfor-mance requirements and methods of test to ensure the satis-factory performance

7、 of the high chair.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to mini-mize injuries to children resulting from normal usage andreasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of high chairs.NOTE 1This consumer safety specification is not intended to addressaccidents and injuries resulting from the in

8、teraction of older children withchildren in the high chair or the accidents resulting from abuse and misuseby persons over three years of age.1.3 For purposes of this consumer safety specification, ahigh chair is a free standing chair that elevates a child tostandard dining table height. The high ch

9、air is made for thepurpose of holding a child, up to 3 years of age, who canremain in a sitting position due to the childs own coordination,and normally for the purposes of feeding or eating.Ahigh chairmay be height adjustable and include a reclined position forinfants not able to remain in a sittin

10、g position due to the childsown coordination.1.4 No high chair produced after the approval date of thisconsumer safety specification shall, either by label or othermeans, indicate compliance with this specification unless itconforms to all requirements contained herein.1.5 The values stated in inch-

11、pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 7, of this specification:

12、Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.NOTE 2This consumer sa

13、fety specification includes the followingsections:Title SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Calibration and Standardization 4General Requirements 5Latching or Locking Mechanisms 5.4Labeling 5.5Openings 5.6Performance Requirements 6Protective Components 6.11This consumer safety specifica

14、tion is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.16 on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published February 2014. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous edition appro

15、ved in 2013 as F404 13a. DOI:10.1520/F0404-14.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Removable Tray or Front Torso SupportPerformance Integrity6.2Tray or Front Torso Support Performance Pull Test6.3Static Load 6.4Stability 6.

16、5Exposed Coil Springs 6.6Scissoring, Shearing, and Pinching 6.7Restraint System 6.8Passive Crotch Restraint System 6.9Structural Integrity 6.10Tray Latch Release Mechanisms 6.11Side Containment 6.12Test Methods 7Locking Mechanisms 7.1Protective Components 7.2Tray or Front Torso Support Drop Test 7.3

17、Tray or Front Torso Support Disengagement Horizontal Pull Test7.4Tray or Front Torso Support Disengagement Vertical Pull Test7.5Static Load Testing 7.6Stability Testing 7.7Restraint System Retention Test 7.8Permanency of Labels and Warnings 7.9Dynamic High Chair Test 7.10Leg Openings 7.11Tray Latch

18、Release Mechanism Accessibility 7.12Side Containment Openings 7.14Labeling and Warnings 8Instructional Literature 9Keywords 10Rationale Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF833 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Car-r

19、iages and StrollersF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous SubstancesAct Regulations Includ-ing Sections:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements fo

20、r Determining aSharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying T

21、oys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 conspicuous, adjlabel that is visible, when the highchair is in a manufactu

22、rers recommended use position, to aperson standing near the high chair at any one position aroundthe high chair but not necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.2 double action release mechanism, nmechanism re-quiring either two consecutive actions, the first of which mustbe maintained while the s

23、econd is carried out or two separateand independent locking mechanisms that must be activatedsimultaneously to fully release the tray.3.1.3 fabric, nany woven, knit, coated, laminated,extruded, or calendared flexible material which is intended tobe sewn, welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an

24、assembly.3.1.4 front torso support, na barrier extending horizon-tally across the seat of the high chair that is the primary supportintended to restrict forward movement of the occupants torsowhen the tray is removed and creates a completely or partiallybounded opening in front of the occupant.3.1.5

25、 latch release surface, nany surface on the tray latchrelease mechanism that results in the tray releasing from itsadjustment position when a force is applied perpendicular tothat surface.3.1.6 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyposition that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptab

26、leconfiguration for the use of the product by the manufacturer inany descriptive or instructional literature. This specificallyexcludes positions which the manufacturer shows in a likemanner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.7 nonpaper label, nany label material (su

27、ch as plasticor metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears leaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.3.1.8 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product in oneof the manufacturers recommended use positions.3.1.9 paper label, nany label material (except fabric)

28、 thattears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.10 seam, nmeans of joining fabric components suchas sewing, welding, heat sealing or gluing.3.1.11 seating surface, nseat support surface for theoccupant that exists between the side surfaces, seat backsurface, and the INNER SURFACE o

29、f the passive crotchrestraint.3.1.11.1 DiscussionFor seats with open sides, the seat sidesurfaces are defined by a vertical plane tangent to the insidesurface of the high chair armrest.3.1.12 static load, nvertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.3.1.13 tray la

30、tch release mechanism, nmechanism forreleasing the latch that secures a tray onto a high chair or intoan adjustment position, or both.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless test i

31、nstructs differently.4.2 The high chair shall be completely assembled, unlessotherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers in-structions.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards

32、volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.F404 1424.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The

33、 product to be tested shall be in a room with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hprior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.5. General Requirements5.1 There shall be no hazardous sharp edges or points asdefined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR

34、1500.49 before orafter testing in accordance with this consumer safety specifi-cation.5.2 There shall be no small parts, as defined by 16 CFR1501, before testing or liberated as a result of testing to thisspecification.5.3 Before the application of any test methods, any exposedwood parts shall be sm

35、ooth and free of splinters.5.4 Latching or Locking MechanismsAny unit that foldsshall have a latching or locking device or other provision in adesign that will prevent the unit from unintentionally foldingwhen properly placed in the manufacturers recommended useposition. During and upon completion o

36、f the testing in accor-dance with 7.1, the unit shall remain in its manufacturersrecommended use position. If a unit is designed with a latchingor locking device, that device shall remain engaged andoperative after testing.5.5 Labeling:5.5.1 Warning labels, whether paper or nonpaper, shall bepermane

37、nt when tested per 7.9.1 7.9.3.5.5.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, printing, woodburning, etc. shall be permanent when tested per 7.9.4.5.5.3 Nonpaper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 7.9.5.5.6 Op

38、eningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave

39、 a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm), but arelimited in depth to 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 1). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.7 Toy components provided with or attached to the highchai

40、r shall comply with the requirements of Consumer SafetySpecification F963.5.8 All paints and surface coatings on the product shallcomply with 16 CFR 1303.6. Performance RequirementsNOTE 3The loading in this section may be simplified by the use of asimple test frame that will permit the loads to be a

41、pplied by dead weightsoperating over a ball bearing pulley through a rope. Vertical force tests aregreatly aided with the use of an overhead pulley.6.1 Protective ComponentsIf the child can grasp protec-tive components between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth,(such as caps, sleeves, or plugs used

42、for protection from sharpedges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes), or if there is atleast a 0.040-in. (1.00-mm) gap between the component and itsadjacent parent component, such component shall not beremoved when tested in accordance with 7.2. All protectivecomponents that are accessible to a

43、 child sitting in the highchair or accessible to a child from any position around the highchair shall be evaluated.6.2 Removable Tray or Front Torso Support PerformanceIntegrityAll removable trays and front torso supports shallremain functional with respect to the chair and exhibit no sharppoints, s

44、harp edges, or small parts when subjected to a drop testin accordance with 7.3. A tray or front torso support isconsidered removable if it can be removed from the high chairwithout the use of tools (for example, screw driver or wrench).6.3 Tray or Front Torso Support Performance Pull TestThe tray or

45、 front torso support shall not become disengaged ordislocated from its original adjustment position, when tested inaccordance with 7.4 and 7.5. Components that do not functionas a front torso support such as trays, tray inserts, or snack traysare exempt from this requirement.6.4 Static LoadA chair s

46、hall support static loads withoutcausing any hazardous conditions as identified within thisconsumer safety specification. Tests shall be conducted inaccordance with 7.6.6.5 StabilityA chair shall not tip over when forces areapplied in accordance with 7.7.6.6 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spri

47、ng whichis accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generatinga space between coils of 0.210 in. (5.3 mm) or greater duringstatic load testing in accordance with 7.6 shall be covered orotherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.6.7 Scissoring, Shearing, and PinchingAhigh chair, whe

48、nin the manufacturers recommended use position, shall bedesigned and constructed so as to prevent injury to theoccupant from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching whenmembers or components rotate about a common axis orfastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise move relative toone another. Sci

49、ssoring, shearing, or pinching that can causeinjury exists when the edges of the rigid parts admit a probegreater than 0.210 in. (5.3 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.5mm) in diameter at any accessible point throughout the rangeof motion of such parts.6.8 Restraint System:6.8.1 A restraint system shall be provided to secure a childin the seated position in any of the manufacturers recom-mended use positions.6.8.1.1 The restraint system shall include both waist andcrotch restraint designed such that the crotch restraints use ismand