ASTM F404-2013a Standard Consumer Safety Specification for High Chairs《高脚椅的标准消费品安全规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F404 13aStandard Consumer Safety Specification forHigh Chairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses

2、 indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses high chair incidents that were identified by the U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).CPSC identified

3、injuries to children associated with tray disengagement, falls resulting whenchildren stood up on the seat of a high chair, entrapment between the tray and the seat, and tipover.By far the most common injury resulted from children falling when they were able to stand up on theseat of the high chair

4、because they were not secured by the restraining system. In response to theincident data developed by the Commission, this consumer safety performance specification attemptsto minimize the above listed problems.This consumer safety performance specification does not cover high chairs that are either

5、 blatantlymisused or are used in a careless manner that disregards the warnings and safety instructions that areprovided with each high chair.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of highchair technology. It is intended that this specification

6、will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available that necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers the perfor-mance requirements and methods of test to ensure the satis-factory performanc

7、e of the high chair.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to mini-mize injuries to children resulting from normal usage andreasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of high chairs.NOTE 1This consumer safety specification is not intended to addressaccidents and injuries resulting from the i

8、nteraction of older children withchildren in the high chair or the accidents resulting from abuse and misuseby persons over three years of age.1.3 For purposes of this consumer safety specification, ahigh chair is a free standing chair that elevates a child tostandard dining table height. The high c

9、hair is made for thepurpose of holding a child, up to 3 years of age, who canremain in a sitting position due to the childs own coordination,and normally for the purposes of feeding or eating.Ahigh chairmay be height adjustable and include a reclined position forinfants not able to remain in a sitti

10、ng position due to the childsown coordination.1.4 No high chair produced after the approval date of thisconsumer safety specification shall, either by label or othermeans, indicate compliance with this specification unless itconforms to all requirements contained herein.1.5 The values stated in inch

11、-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 7, of this specification:

12、 Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.NOTE 2This consumer s

13、afety specification includes the followingsections:Title SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Calibration and Standardization 4General Requirements 5Latching or Locking Mechanisms 5.4Nonpaper Labels 5.5Openings 5.6Performance Requirements 6Protective Components 6.11This consumer safety s

14、pecification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.16 on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previous editi

15、on approved in 2013 as F404 13. DOI:10.1520/F0404-13A.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Tray Performance (Drop) 6.2Tray Performance (Pull) 6.3Static Load 6.4Stability 6.5Exposed Coil Springs 6.6Scissoring, Shearing, and

16、Pinching 6.7Restraint System 6.8Passive Crotch Restraint System 6.9Structural Integrity 6.10Tray Latch Release Mechanisms 6.11Side Containment 6.12Test Methods 7Locking Mechanisms 7.1Protective Components 7.2TrayDrop Test 7.3TrayHorizontal Force 7.4TrayVertical Pull Test 7.5Static Load Testing 7.6St

17、ability Testing 7.7Restraint System Retention Test 7.8Permanency of Labels and Warnings 7.9Dynamic High Chair Test 7.10Leg Openings 7.11Tray Latch Release MechanismAccessibility 7.12Side Containment Openings 7.14Labeling and Warnings 8Instructional Literature 9Keywords 10Rationale Appendix X12. Refe

18、renced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF833 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Car-riages and StrollersF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer

19、Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous SubstancesAct Regulations Includ-ing Sections:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determi

20、ning aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts

21、3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 conspicuous, adjlabel that is visible, when the highchair is in a manufacturers recommended use position, to aperson standing near the high chair at any one position aroundthe high chair but not necessarily visible from all posit

22、ions.3.1.2 double action release mechanism, nmechanism re-quiring either two consecutive actions, the first of which mustbe maintained while the second is carried out or two separateand independent locking mechanisms that must be activatedsimultaneously to fully release the tray.3.1.3 fabric, nany w

23、oven, knit, coated, laminated,extruded, or calendared flexible material which is intended tobe sewn, welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.3.1.4 latch release surface, nany surface on the tray latchrelease mechanism that results in the tray releasing from itsadjustment position when

24、a force is applied perpendicular tothat surface.3.1.5 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyposition that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product by the manufacturer inany descriptive or instructional literature. This specificallyexcludes posi

25、tions which the manufacturer shows in a likemanner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or notrecommended.3.1.6 nonpaper label, nany label material (such as plasticor metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools ortears leaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.

26、3.1.7 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product in oneof the manufacturers recommended use positions.3.1.8 paper label, nany label material (except fabric) thattears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.9 seam, nmeans of joining fabric components such assewing, welding, heat s

27、ealing or gluing.3.1.10 seating surface, nseat support surface for theoccupant that exists between the side surfaces, seat backsurface, and the INNER SURFACE of the passive crotchrestraint.3.1.10.1 DiscussionFor seats with open sides, the seatside surfaces are defined by a vertical plane tangent to

28、theinside surface of the high chair armrest.3.1.11 static load, nvertically downward force applied bya calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.3.1.12 tray latch release mechanism, nmechanism forreleasing the latch that secures a tray onto a high chair or intoan adjustment position, or both.4. Cali

29、bration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor thatmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,unless test instructs differently.4.2 The high chair shall be completely assembled, unlessotherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers in-structi

30、ons.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hprior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the

31、 ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Ma

32、il Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.F404 13a25. General Requirements5.1 There shall be no hazardous sharp edges or points asdefined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before orafter testing in accordance with this consumer safety specifi-cation.5.2 There shall be no small parts, as defined by 16 CF

33、R1501, before testing or liberated as a result of testing to thisspecification.5.3 Before the application of any test methods, any exposedwood parts shall be smooth and free of splinters.5.4 Latching or Locking MechanismsAny unit that foldsshall have a latching or locking device or other provision i

34、n adesign that will prevent the unit from unintentionally foldingwhen properly placed in the manufacturers recommended useposition. During and upon completion of the testing in accor-dance with 7.1, the unit shall remain in its manufacturersrecommended use position. If a unit is designed with a latc

35、hingor locking device, that device shall remain engaged andoperative after testing.5.5 Labeling:5.5.1 Warning labels, whether paper or nonpaper, shall bepermanent when tested per 7.9.1 7.9.3.5.5.2 Warning statements applied directly onto the surfaceof the product by hot stamping, heat transfer, prin

36、ting, woodburning, etc. shall be permanent when tested per 7.9.4.5.5.3 Nonpaper labels shall not liberate small parts whentested in accordance with 7.9.5.5.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)thick and admit a 0.210-i

37、n. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm), but arelimited in depth to 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be per

38、missible (see Fig. 1). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.7 Toy components provided with or attached to the highchair shall comply with the requirements of Consumer SafetySpecification F963.5.8 All paints and surface coatings on the product shallcomply wit

39、h 16 CFR 1303.6. Performance RequirementsNOTE 3The loading in this section may be simplified by the use of asimple test frame that will permit the loads to be applied by dead weightsoperating over a ball bearing pulley through a rope. Vertical force tests aregreatly aided with the use of an overhead

40、 pulley.6.1 Protective ComponentsIf the child can grasp protec-tive components between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth,(such as caps, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharpedges, points, or entrapment of fingers or toes), or if there is atleast a 0.040-in. (1.00-mm) gap between the comp

41、onent and itsadjacent parent component, such component shall not beremoved when tested in accordance with 7.2. All protectivecomponents that are accessible to a child sitting in the highchair or accessible to a child from any position around the highchair shall be evaluated.6.2 Tray Performance (Dro

42、p)The tray shall remain func-tional with respect to the chair and exhibit no sharp points,sharp edges, or small parts when subjected to a drop test inaccordance with 7.3.6.3 Tray Performance (Pull)The tray shall not becomedisengaged or dislocated from its original adjustment position,when tested in

43、accordance with 7.4 and 7.5.6.4 Static LoadA chair shall support static loads withoutcausing any hazardous conditions as identified within thisconsumer safety specification. Tests shall be conducted inaccordance with 7.6.6.5 StabilityA chair shall not tip over when forces areapplied in accordance wi

44、th 7.7.6.6 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring whichis accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generatinga space between coils of 0.210 in. (5.3 mm) or greater duringstatic load testing in accordance with 7.6 shall be covered orotherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.6.

45、7 Scissoring, Shearing, and PinchingAhigh chair, whenin the manufacturers recommended use position, shall bedesigned and constructed so as to prevent injury to theoccupant from any scissoring, shearing, or pinching whenmembers or components rotate about a common axis orfastening point, slide, pivot,

46、 fold, or otherwise move relative toone another. Scissoring, shearing, or pinching that can causeinjury exists when the edges of the rigid parts admit a probegreater than 0.210 in. (5.3 mm) and less than 0.375 in. (9.5mm) in diameter at any accessible point throughout the rangeof motion of such part

47、s.6.8 Restraint System:6.8.1 A restraint system shall be provided to secure a childin the seated position in any of the manufacturers recom-mended use positions.6.8.1.1 The restraint system shall include both waist andcrotch restraint designed such that the crotch restraints use ismandatory when the

48、 restraint system is in use.6.8.2 The restraint system and its closing means (forexample, buckle) shall not break, separate, or permit removalof the CAMI test dummy from the high chair when tested inaccordance with 7.8.6.8.2.1 If during test in 7.8.5.1, the posterior of the testdummy is pulled past

49、the front edge of the seat, the dummyshall be considered removed.6.8.2.2 If during test in 7.8.5.3, the dummy with the forceapplied reaches a vertical position with the bottom of its feettouching or off the seat, the dummy shall be consideredremoved.6.8.3 The waist restraint shall be capable of adjustment witha positive, self-locking mechanism that is capable, whenlocked, of withstanding the forces of tests in 7.8 withoutallowing restraint movement or slippage of more than 1 in.(25.4 mm).6.8.4 A connecting means and adjustment means fo