ASTM F404-2013 Standard Consumer Safety Specification for High Chairs《高脚椅的标准消费品安全规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F404 10F404 13Standard Consumer Safety Specification forHigh Chairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parenth

2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses high chair incidents that were identified by the U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).CPSC identifie

3、d injuries to children associated with tray disengagement, falls resulting whenchildren stood up on the seat of a high chair, entrapment between the tray and the seat, and tipover.By far the most common injury resulted from children falling when they were able to stand up on theseat of the high chai

4、r because they were not secured by the restraining system. In response to theincident data developed by the Commission, this consumer safety performance specification attemptsto minimize the above listed problems.This consumer safety performance specification does not cover high chairs that are eith

5、er blatantlymisused or are used in a careless manner that disregards the warnings and safety instructions that areprovided with each high chair.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of highchair technology. It is intended that this specificatio

6、n will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available that necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers the performance requirements and methods of test to ensure the satisfactoryperformance

7、 of the high chair.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to minimize injuries to children resulting from normal usage and reasonablyforeseeable misuse or abuse of high chairs.NOTE 1This consumer safety specification is not intended to address accidents and injuries resulting from the in

8、teraction of older children withchildren in the high chair or the accidents resulting from abuse and misuse by persons over three years of age.1.3 For purposes of this consumer safety specification, a high chair is a free standing chair that elevates a child to standarddining table height. The high

9、chair is made for the purpose of holding a child, up to 3 years of age, who can remain in a sittingposition due to the childs own coordination, and normally for the purposes of feeding or eating. A high chair may be heightadjustable and include a reclined position for infants not able to remain in a

10、 sitting position due to the childs own coordination.1.4 No high chair produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means,indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.5 The values state

11、d in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this sp

12、ecification: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2Th

13、is consumer safety specification includes the following sections:Title Section1 This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.16on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable Gates.Current ed

14、ition approved May 15, 2010July 1, 2013. Published November 2010November 2013. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20092010as F404 09.F404 10. DOI: 10.1520/F0404-10.10.1520/F0404-13.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM s

15、tandard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by

16、ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Scope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Calibration and Standardization 4General Requirements 5Latching or Locking Mechanisms 5.4Nonpaper

17、 Labels 5.5Openings 5.6Performance Requirements 6Protective Components 6.1Tray Performance (Drop) 6.2Tray Performance (Pull) 6.3Static Load 6.4Stability 6.5Exposed Coil Springs 6.6Scissoring, Shearing, and Pinching 6.7Restraint System 6.8Passive Crotch Restraint System 6.9Structural Integrity 6.10Tr

18、ay Latch Release Mechanisms 6.11Side Containment 6.12Test Methods 7Locking Mechanisms 7.1Protective Components 7.2TrayDrop Test 7.3TrayHorizontal Force 7.4TrayVertical Pull Test 7.5Static Load Testing 7.6Stability Testing 7.7Restraint System Retention Test 7.8Adhesion Test for Printing 7.10Dynamic H

19、igh Chair Test 7.11Leg Openings 7.12Tray Latch Release MechanismAccessibility 7.13Side Containment Openings 7.15Labeling and Warnings 8Instructional Literature 9Keywords 10Rationale Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF833 Consu

20、mer Safety Performance Specification for Carriages and StrollersF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations: 316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations Including Se

21、ctions:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Point in Toys or OtherArticles Intended for Use by ChildrenUnder Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight

22、Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age WhichPresent Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 conspicuous, adjlabel that

23、is visible, when the high chair is in a manufacturers recommended use position, to a personstanding near the high chair at any one position around the high chair but not necessarily visible from all positions.3.1.2 double action release mechanism, nmechanism requiring either two consecutive actions,

24、 the first of which must bemaintained while the second is carried out or two separate and independent locking mechanisms that must be activatedsimultaneously to fully release the tray.3.1.3 fabric, nany woven, knit, coated, laminated, extruded, or calendared flexible material which is intended to be

25、 sewn,welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3

26、 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.F404 1323.1.4 latch release surface, nany surface on the tray latch release mechanism that results in the tray releasing from itsadjustment position when a force

27、is applied perpendicular to that surface.3.1.5 manufacturers recommended use position, nany position that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product by the manufacturer in any descriptive or instructional literature. This specifically excludespositions

28、 which the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recommended.3.1.6 nonpaper label, nany label material (such as plastic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.3.

29、1.7 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product in one of the manufacturers recommended use positions.3.1.8 paper label, nany label material (except fabric) that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.9 permanent (label/warning attachment), n:3.1.9.1 labels not attached by a

30、 seam(1) a nonpaper label or decal shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt tomanually remove it without the aid of tools or solvents, it cannot be removed or such action damages the surface to which it isattached; (2) a paper label shall be considered permanent if, during an attempt to r

31、emove it without the aid of tools or solvents,it cannot be removed, it tears upon removal or such action damages the surface to which it is attached.3.1.9.2 labels attached by a seamlabel attached by a seam shall be considered permanent if it complies with the requirementsof 7.9 and does not tear, y

32、ielding a separate part, during the test.3.1.9.3 warning statementswarning statements applied directly onto the surface of the product by hot stamping, heat transfer,printing or wood burning, etc., will be considered permanent if the printing in the area tested is still legible and attached after be

33、ingsubjected to the test prescribed in 7.10. If warning statements are on labels, refer to 3.1.9.1 or 3.1.9.2.3.1.10 seam, nmeans of joining fabric components such as sewing, welding, heat sealing or gluing.3.1.11 seating surface, nseat support surface for the occupant that exists between the side s

34、urfaces, seat back surface, and theINNER SURFACE of the passive crotch restraint.3.1.11.1 DiscussionFor seats with open sides, the seat side surfaces are defined by a vertical plane tangent to the inside surface of the high chairarmrest.3.1.12 static load, nvertically downward force applied by a cal

35、ibrated force gauge or by dead weights.3.1.13 tray latch release mechanism, nmechanism for releasing the latch that secures a tray onto a high chair or into anadjustment position, or both.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor that may be covered wit

36、h 18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover, unlesstest instructs differently.4.2 The high chair shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall b

37、e in a room with an ambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 h prior totesting. Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature range.5. General Requirements5.1 There shall be no hazardous sharp edges or points as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before or after te

38、stingin accordance with this consumer safety specification.5.2 There shall be no small parts, as defined by 16 CFR 1501, before testing or liberated as a result of testing to thisspecification.5.3 Before the application of any test methods, any exposed wood parts shall be smooth and free of splinter

39、s.5.4 Latching or Locking MechanismsAny unit that folds shall have a latching or locking device or other provision in a designthat will prevent the unit from unintentionally folding when properly placed in the manufacturers recommended use position.During and upon completion of the testing in accord

40、ance with 7.1, the unit shall remain in its manufacturers recommended useposition. If a unit is designed with a latching or locking device, that device shall remain engaged and operative after testing.5.5 Nonpaper Labels:5.5.1 Nonpaper labels or decals (such as warning labels, brand name labels, dec

41、orative labels, or pin-striping) that may presenta choking hazard if removed must be permanent.NOTE 3Paper labels are exempt from the small parts requirements of 16 CFR 1501 because paper cannot be meaningfully tested.F404 1335.5.1.1 Nonpaper labels that may present a choking hazard are those which

42、upon removal fit entirely within the small partscylinder as defined in 16 CFR 1501. Nonpaper labels that tear when tested in accordance with 3.1.9.1 (1) are considered labelswhich may pose a choking hazard.5.5.1.2 Nonpaper labels attached by a seam, except warning labels, that tear along a seam only

43、 and do not yield a part whichfits entirely within the small parts cylinder, defined in 16 CFR 1501, are not considered labels that pose a choking hazard and thusare not required to be permanent.5.6 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely thoughthrough a wall section of any rigid material less t

44、han 0.375 in. (9.53mm) thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall also admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) and have a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm), but are limitedin depth to 0.375 in. (9.5

45、3 mm) maximum by another rigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 1). The product shall be evaluatedin all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.7 Toy components provided with or attached to the high chair shall comply with the requirements of Consumer SafetySpecification F963.5.8 All paints

46、 and surface coatings on the product shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.6. Performance RequirementsNOTE 4The loading in this section may be simplified by the use of a simple test frame that will permit the loads to be applied by dead weightsoperating over a ball bearing pulley through a rope. Vertical fo

47、rce tests are greatly aided with the use of an overhead pulley.FIG. 1 Opening ExampleF404 1346.1 Protective ComponentsIf the child can grasp protective components between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, (such ascaps, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges, points, or entrapment o

48、f fingers or toes), or if there is at least a0.040-in. (1.00-mm) gap between the component and its adjacent parent component, such component shall not be removed whentested in accordance with 7.2. All protective components that are accessible to a child sitting in the high chair or accessible to ach

49、ild from any position around the high chair shall be evaluated.6.2 Tray Performance (Drop)The tray shall remain functional with respect to the chair and exhibit no sharp points, sharpedges, or small parts when subjected to a drop test in accordance with 7.3.6.3 Tray Performance (Pull)The tray shall not become disengaged or dislocated from its original adjustment position, whentested in accordance with 7.4 and 7.5.6.4 Static LoadA chair shall support static loads without causing any hazardous conditions as identified within this consu