ASTM F2008-2000(2012)e1 Standard Guide for Qualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance《推土机性能的定性观察标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F2008 00 (Reapproved 2012)1Standard Guide forQualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r

2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial changes were made in Sections 13, 14, and 16 in April 2012.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitati

3、veperformance parameters for full-scale oil spill removal systemsor individual components of those systems. It is intended tocomplement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F631.1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oilspill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their

4、needs and expectations.1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that couldvary widely when completed by different organizations. Assuch, its main use would be as a means of comparing differentskimmers for a particular organization or application.1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would ap

5、ply to aparticular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Priorto using this guide, users should carefully review the entirecontents and note those areas that are most important to theirneeds. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such asworkmanship of construction may not be appli

6、cable to proto-type skimmers.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations

7、 prior to use. Specific safetyprecautions are given in Section 9.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F625 Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill Con-trol SystemsF631 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data inControlled EnvironmentsF1607 Guide for Reporting of Test Performance D

8、ata forOil Spill Response Pumps3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 production skimmerfull-scale device supplied fortesting and indicated by the manufacturer to be commerciallyavailable.3.1.2 prototype skimmerdevice indicated by the developeror manufacturer, or both, as being in the developmental sta

9、geand not for sale on the commercial market.3.1.3 qualitative performance datacharacteristics re-corded during the evaluation period other than those specifiedby Guide F631.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide provides procedures enabling the recordingof qualitative performance information under co

10、ntrolled testconditions. This information can be used together with quan-titative data to comprehensively evaluate a particular spillremoval device or as a means of comparing two or moredevices.4.2 Although the qualitative assessment described in thisguide can be somewhat subjective, it is an import

11、ant part of theoverall evaluation of a spill removal device. This guide coversperformance factors other than recovery rate and efficiency thatwill affect the devices performance in an actual spill. Theirconsideration allows the comprehensive evaluation or compari-son of spill removal devices.4.3 Cau

12、tion must be exercised whenever test data are usedto predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncon-trolled environmental conditions that affect performance in thefield are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank.4.4 Portions of this guide are specifically intended forskimmers w

13、ith hydraulic power supplies. This is not intendedto limit application of this guide to skimmers with other powersupplies such as electric or pneumatic.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcom

14、mitteeF20.12 on Removal.Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published April 2012. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F2008 00 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/F2008-00R12E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Servic

15、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Summary of Guide5.1 The spill removal devic

16、e may be tested in a wave/towtank, flume or other facility that is suitable for observing andrecording appropriate operational performance factors. Signifi-cant testing results can be obtained using simple test tanks orponds, particularly when calm water, stationary or low velocityadvancing tests ar

17、e desired as an economical means to screenor compare devices.5.2 It is essential that the test device be operated in asteady-state condition during the evaluation period so thatoperational performance factors can be consistently monitored,evaluated and recorded.5.3 Examination of qualitative perform

18、ance factors can beobtained at any of the facilities described above and will entailassessment before, during and after quantitative testing.6. Interferences6.1 The reporting of results shall address the possibility oftest facility effects. For example, wall effects may interferehydrodynamically wit

19、h the performance of a device.6.2 Care should be taken so that any containment apparatusnot designed specifically for the skimming device does notaffect the distribution of test fluid to the device or its ability torecover the test slick. Similarly, skimmers should be tethered ina way that does not

20、interfere with performance.7. Test Facilities7.1 Several types of test facilities can be used to carry outthe performance evaluations outlined in this guide.7.1.1 Wave/Tow TankA wave/tow tank has a movablebridge or other mechanism for towing the test device throughwater for the length of the facilit

21、y. A wave generator may beinstalled on one end, or on the side of the facility, or both.7.1.2 Current TankA current tank is a water-filled tankequipped with a pump or other propulsion system for movingthe water through a test section where the test device ismounted.Awave generator may be installed o

22、n this type of testfacility.7.1.3 Other facilities, such as private ponds, tanks, or flumesmay also be used, provided the test parameters can be suitablycontrolled.7.2 Ancillary systems for facilities include, but are notlimited to, a distribution system for accurately delivering testfluids to the w

23、ater surface, skimming systems to assist incleaning the facility between tests, and adequate tankage forstoring the test fluids.7.3 Additional capabilities at the test facility should alsoinclude: the space, materials and tools necessary to effectassembly, maintenance and minor repairs of test devic

24、es; themeans to safely lift test devices for deployment and retrieval;and platforms and walkways to facilitate observation, sam-pling, and written, photographic and video recording.7.4 These qualitative observations can be made duringquantitative testing in accordance with Guide F631,orinthefield du

25、ring exercises and response operations provided thatappropriate records are kept.8. Test Fluids8.1 Test fluids for use with this guide should be selected tofall within the parameters of those listed in Guide F631. Thesetest fluids may be crude, refined, or simulated.9. Safety Precautions9.1 Test ope

26、rations shall conform to established safety andregulatory requirements for test facility operations and testfluid handling. Particular caution must be exercised whenhandling flammable or toxic test fluids, refueling motors, anddeploying and retrieving test devices from the test tank.9.2 Test operati

27、ons shall also employ the safety precautionsrecommended by the manufacturers of devices and equipmentemployed during testing.10. Equipment Operation10.1 The test device shall be deployed in accordance withfacility operating characteristics.10.2 The device must be operated in accordance with themanuf

28、acturers specified operating instructions with respect tomechanical operations, safety, and established maintenanceroutines. A representative of the manufacturer should beinvited to participate in the initial setup and training of testingpersonnel.10.3 Modifications to the device prior to or during

29、thecourse of testing should not be done except in consultation withthe manufacturer.10.4 Modifications to the device, in any form that differsfrom the supplied test device, shall be recorded with the testresults.11. Test Variables and Qualitative Performance Factors11.1 The test evaluator shall revi

30、ew and indicate the perfor-mance factors and methods selected for evaluation.11.2 Qualitative performance evaluation should be con-ducted coincident with quantitative testing. Quantitative testprocedures should be followed as specified in 12.1 to 12.4 ofGuide F631 for the operation of the test tank,

31、 distribution oftest fluid, and collection of numerical data.12. Pre-Deployment12.1 Prior to testing:12.1.1 Review the manufacturers reference materials andall items received for testing.12.1.2 Verify that supplied components, including fittings,hoses and materials, are in accordance with the manufa

32、cturersspecifications. Any adaptations to meet the requirements of thetest facility should be noted.12.1.3 Record in detail all significant differences betweenthe technical specifications of the model tested and those ofproduction models.12.1.4 Mathematically compute the power balance of majorcompon

33、ents to determine if the drive provided by the primemover adequately serves the power needs of the pump,recovery mechanism and other components. Provide specificcomputations, if possible, indicating total brake horsepoweravailable and needed, system hydraulic pressure, hydraulicfluid flow rate, and

34、operating temperature range.F2008 00 (2012)1212.1.5 If the skimmer being tested is designed to operate asa complete system the device should be presented for testing asa 100 % complete system with all of the necessary items fordeployment and operation.12.1.6 List any required modifications necessary

35、 to inte-grate components and render the system fully functional fortesting.12.2 Reference Materials:12.2.1 List all documents received with the skimmingsystem, and assess operation manuals for content, clarity, andpracticality of use.12.2.1.1 Note the use of clearly-labeled graphics and pho-tograph

36、s.12.2.1.2 In cases where the documentation is a translation ofthe original, note any areas of confusion or contradiction andbe alert for any possible errors.12.2.1.3 Indicate the inclusion of an index, organization ofthe documents, quality of print and instructions which facilitateuse of documents

37、for reference purposes.12.2.1.4 Determine if a concise, all-weather field guide isavailable.12.2.1.5 Ensure that operational and safety placards areappropriate, match operating procedures, and protect the op-erator.12.3 Record whether the following items are satisfactorilyaddressed:12.3.1 Components

38、:12.3.1.1 Complete listing of all components for specificmodel provided,12.3.1.2 Technical specifications, and12.3.1.3 Spare parts list.12.3.2 Assembly and Set-Up:12.3.2.1 Detailed and easily understood assembly instruc-tions,12.3.2.2 Diagrams or photographs to assist in assembly,12.3.2.3 Standard t

39、ools required for assembly,12.3.2.4 Special tools required for assembly,12.3.2.5 Preparation required for operation, set-up and de-ployment,12.3.2.6 Component and assembly weights, and12.3.2.7 Lifting and handling requirements.12.3.3 Operation:12.3.3.1 Proper method of operation, including recommen-

40、dations for optimal settings or guidance for achieving suchsettings,12.3.3.2 Required types and quantities of fuel, oil, and otherfluids,12.3.3.3 Guidelines for safe operations,12.3.3.4 Required procedures for retrieval, and12.3.3.5 The appropriate methods for cleaning and decon-tamination including

41、 appropriate cleaning agents and themaximum temperatures or pressures, or both, allowable forhot-water or high-pressure cleaning.12.3.4 Storage, Maintenance, and Repair:12.3.4.1 Required procedures for storage,12.3.4.2 Required procedures and recommended time inter-vals for maintenance and repair,12

42、.3.4.3 Guidelines for troubleshooting and suggested re-pair for major and minor problems, and12.3.4.4 Disassembly and assembly procedures.12.4 Manufacturer Representation and Support ServicesRecord and verify the terms and conditions of the warranty,and the availability of parts and service within t

43、he region. Listall support services available through the manufacturer orregional distributor.12.5 Owners SurveyFor tests warranting a detailed as-sessment of operational and mechanical reliability, conduct asurvey of past and present owners of the system being tested;this will provide a comprehensi

44、ve account of performance tocomplement results achieved during short-term tank testing.12.6 Existing Test ReportsPrior to testing, obtain andreview any previously written evaluations of the test device,paying particular attention to test fluid types, methodologies,and qualitative/quantitative assess

45、ment criteria utilized. Wherepossible, consult with operational groups on short- and long-term findings relevant to the subject areas covered in thisGuide.13. Construction and Assembly13.1 During initial assembly and set-up, evaluate the overallquality of construction and design, materials and fitti

46、ngs,overall ruggedness, assembly, and maintenance and repair.13.2 Overall Quality of Construction and DesignTestpersonnel should be critical of any design features that couldresult in diminished skimmer performance or operator control.Pay particular attention to features that could create a safetyha

47、zard for operators or others working in the immediatevicinity such as exposed rotating parts, or hot surfaces.13.2.1 Assess the overall quality of workmanship of thesystem during the test by visual inspection and reporting of thefollowing:13.2.1.1 Relative simplicity or complexity of design,13.2.1.2

48、 Potential safety hazards such as sharp protrusions,rough edges, weak lifting points or unsafe pump/powerpackconfiguration or design,13.2.1.3 Overall size re: transportation and operation,13.2.1.4 Logical placement and reasonable access to com-ponents for inspection and service, and13.2.1.5 Compatib

49、ility of system components: do they workwell together, or are they mismatched and inappropriate. (Forexample: skimmers designed for light oil recovery should notbe equipped with a (sparking) gasoline engine; an oversizeddischarge port and bulky hose may lead to difficulties inhandling, tethering and priming; skimmers intended for usewith highly viscous oil should have a large diameter transferhose).13.2.2 If appropriate, use non-destructive testing or qualityassurance system or regulatory certification to assess thestructural integrity of the skimmer.13.3 Design cri