ASTM F2008-2000(2006) Standard Guide for Qualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance《推土机性能的定性观察标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 2008 00 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Guide forQualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitativeperformance parameters for full-scale oil spill removal systemsor indi

3、vidual components of those systems. It is intended tocomplement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F 631.1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oilspill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet theirneeds and expectations.1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation

4、that couldvary widely when completed by different organizations. Assuch, its main use would be as a means of comparing differentskimmers for a particular organization or application.1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to aparticular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prio

5、rto using this guide, users should carefully review the entirecontents and note those areas that are most important to theirneeds. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such asworkmanship of construction may not be applicable to proto-type skimmers.1.5 This standard does not purport to addr

6、ess all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safetyprecautions are given in Section 9.2. Ref

7、erenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 625 Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill Con-trol SystemsF 631 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data inControlled EnvironmentsF 1607 Guide for Reporting of Test Performance Data forOil Spill Response Pumps3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 p

8、roduction skimmerfull-scale device supplied fortesting and indicated by the manufacturer to be commerciallyavailable.3.1.2 prototype skimmerdevice indicated by the developeror manufacturer, or both, as being in the developmental stageand not for sale on the commercial market.3.1.3 qualitative perfor

9、mance datacharacteristics re-corded during the evaluation period other than those specifiedby Guide F 631.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide provides procedures enabling the recordingof qualitative performance information under controlled testconditions. This information can be used together with

10、 quan-titative data to comprehensively evaluate a particular spillremoval device or as a means of comparing two or moredevices.4.2 Although the qualitative assessment described in thisguide can be somewhat subjective, it is an important part of theoverall evaluation of a spill removal device. This g

11、uide coversperformance factors other than recovery rate and efficiency thatwill affect the devices performance in an actual spill. Theirconsideration allows the comprehensive evaluation or compari-son of spill removal devices.4.3 Caution must be exercised whenever test data are usedto predict perfor

12、mance in actual spill situations as the uncon-trolled environmental conditions that affect performance in thefield are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank.4.4 Portions of this guide are specifically intended forskimmers with hydraulic power supplies. This is not intendedto limit applicat

13、ion of this guide to skimmers with other powersupplies such as electric or pneumatic.5. Summary of Guide5.1 The spill removal device may be tested in a wave/towtank, flume or other facility that is suitable for observing andrecording appropriate operational performance factors. Signifi-cant testing

14、results can be obtained using simple test tanks orponds, particularly when calm water, stationary or low velocityadvancing tests are desired as an economical means to screenor compare devices.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on HazardousSubstances and Oil Spill Response an

15、d is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF20.12 on Removal.Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 2008 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer

16、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 It is essential that the test device

17、 be operated in asteady-state condition during the evaluation period so thatoperational performance factors can be consistently monitored,evaluated and recorded.5.3 Examination of qualitative performance factors can beobtained at any of the facilities described above and will entailassessment before

18、, during and after quantitative testing.6. Interferences6.1 The reporting of results shall address the possibility oftest facility effects. For example, wall effects may interferehydrodynamically with the performance of a device.6.2 Care should be taken so that any containment apparatusnot designed

19、specifically for the skimming device does notaffect the distribution of test fluid to the device or its ability torecover the test slick. Similarly, skimmers should be tethered ina way that does not interfere with performance.7. Test Facilities7.1 Several types of test facilities can be used to carr

20、y outthe performance evaluations outlined in this guide.7.1.1 Wave/Tow TankA wave/tow tank has a movablebridge or other mechanism for towing the test device throughwater for the length of the facility. A wave generator may beinstalled on one end, or on the side of the facility, or both.7.1.2 Current

21、 TankA current tank is a water-filled tankequipped with a pump or other propulsion system for movingthe water through a test section where the test device ismounted.Awave generator may be installed on this type of testfacility.7.1.3 Other facilities, such as private ponds, tanks, or flumesmay also b

22、e used, provided the test parameters can be suitablycontrolled.7.2 Ancillary systems for facilities include, but are notlimited to, a distribution system for accurately delivering testfluids to the water surface, skimming systems to assist incleaning the facility between tests, and adequate tankage

23、forstoring the test fluids.7.3 Additional capabilities at the test facility should alsoinclude: the space, materials and tools necessary to effectassembly, maintenance and minor repairs of test devices; themeans to safely lift test devices for deployment and retrieval;and platforms and walkways to f

24、acilitate observation, sam-pling, and written, photographic and video recording.7.4 These qualitative observations can be made duringquantitative testing in accordance with Guide F 631, or in thefield during exercises and response operations provided thatappropriate records are kept.8. Test Fluids8.

25、1 Test fluids for use with this guide should be selected tofall within the parameters of those listed in Guide F 631. Thesetest fluids may be crude, refined, or simulated.9. Safety Precautions9.1 Test operations shall conform to established safety andregulatory requirements for test facility operati

26、ons and testfluid handling. Particular caution must be exercised whenhandling flammable or toxic test fluids, refueling motors, anddeploying and retrieving test devices from the test tank.9.2 Test operations shall also employ the safety precautionsrecommended by the manufacturers of devices and equi

27、pmentemployed during testing.10. Equipment Operation10.1 The test device shall be deployed in accordance withfacility operating characteristics.10.2 The device must be operated in accordance with themanufacturers specified operating instructions with respect tomechanical operations, safety, and esta

28、blished maintenanceroutines. A representative of the manufacturer should beinvited to participate in the initial setup and training of testingpersonnel.10.3 Modifications to the device prior to or during thecourse of testing should not be done except in consultation withthe manufacturer.10.4 Modific

29、ations to the device, in any form that differsfrom the supplied test device, shall be recorded with the testresults.11. Test Variables and Qualitative Performance Factors11.1 The test evaluator shall review and indicate the perfor-mance factors and methods selected for evaluation.11.2 Qualitative pe

30、rformance evaluation should be con-ducted coincident with quantitative testing. Quantitative testprocedures should be followed as specified in 12.1 to 12.4 ofGuide F 631 for the operation of the test tank, distribution oftest fluid, and collection of numerical data.12. Pre-Deployment12.1 Prior to te

31、sting:12.1.1 Review the manufacturers reference materials andall items received for testing.12.1.2 Verify that supplied components, including fittings,hoses and materials, are in accordance with the manufacturersspecifications. Any adaptations to meet the requirements of thetest facility should be n

32、oted.12.1.3 Record in detail all significant differences betweenthe technical specifications of the model tested and those ofproduction models.12.1.4 Mathematically compute the power balance of majorcomponents to determine if the drive provided by the primemover adequately serves the power needs of

33、the pump,recovery mechanism and other components. Provide specificcomputations, if possible, indicating total brake horsepoweravailable and needed, system hydraulic pressure, hydraulicfluid flow rate, and operating temperature range.12.1.5 If the skimmer being tested is designed to operate asa compl

34、ete system the device should be presented for testing asa 100 % complete system with all of the necessary items fordeployment and operation.12.1.6 List any required modifications necessary to inte-grate components and render the system fully functional fortesting.12.2 Reference Materials:F 2008 00 (

35、2006)212.2.1 List all documents received with the skimmingsystem, and assess operation manuals for content, clarity, andpracticality of use.12.2.1.1 Note the use of clearly-labeled graphics and pho-tographs.12.2.1.2 In cases where the documentation is a translation ofthe original, note any areas of

36、confusion or contradiction andbe alert for any possible errors.12.2.1.3 Indicate the inclusion of an index, organization ofthe documents, quality of print and instructions which facilitateuse of documents for reference purposes.12.2.1.4 Determine if a concise, all-weather field guide isavailable.12.

37、2.1.5 Ensure that operational and safety placards areappropriate, match operating procedures, and protect the op-erator.12.3 Record whether the following items are satisfactorilyaddressed:12.3.1 Components:12.3.1.1 Complete listing of all components for specificmodel provided,12.3.1.2 Technical spec

38、ifications, and12.3.1.3 Spare parts list.12.3.2 Assembly and Set-Up:12.3.2.1 Detailed and easily understood assembly instruc-tions,12.3.2.2 Diagrams or photographs to assist in assembly,12.3.2.3 Standard tools required for assembly,12.3.2.4 Special tools required for assembly,12.3.2.5 Preparation re

39、quired for operation, set-up and de-ployment,12.3.2.6 Component and assembly weights, and12.3.2.7 Lifting and handling requirements.12.3.3 Operation:12.3.3.1 Proper method of operation, including recommen-dations for optimal settings or guidance for achieving suchsettings,12.3.3.2 Required types and

40、 quantities of fuel, oil, and otherfluids,12.3.3.3 Guidelines for safe operations,12.3.3.4 Required procedures for retrieval, and12.3.3.5 The appropriate methods for cleaning and decon-tamination including appropriate cleaning agents and themaximum temperatures or pressures, or both, allowable forho

41、t-water or high-pressure cleaning.12.3.4 Storage, Maintenance, and Repair:12.3.4.1 Required procedures for storage,12.3.4.2 Required procedures and recommended time inter-vals for maintenance and repair,12.3.4.3 Guidelines for troubleshooting and suggested re-pair for major and minor problems, and12

42、.3.4.4 Disassembly and assembly procedures.12.4 Manufacturer Representation and Support ServicesRecord and verify the terms and conditions of the warranty,and the availability of parts and service within the region. Listall support services available through the manufacturer orregional distributor.1

43、2.5 Owners SurveyFor tests warranting a detailed as-sessment of operational and mechanical reliability, conduct asurvey of past and present owners of the system being tested;this will provide a comprehensive account of performance tocomplement results achieved during short-term tank testing.12.6 Exi

44、sting Test ReportsPrior to testing, obtain andreview any previously written evaluations of the test device,paying particular attention to test fluid types, methodologies,and qualitative/quantitative assessment criteria utilized. Wherepossible, consult with operational groups on short- and long-term

45、findings relevant to the subject areas covered in thisGuide.13. Construction and Assembly13.1 During initial assembly and set-up, evaluate the overallquality of construction and design, materials and fittings,overall ruggedness, assembly, and maintenance and repair.13.2 Overall Quality of Constructi

46、on and DesignTestpersonnel should be critical of any design features that couldresult in diminished skimmer performance or operator control.Pay particular attention to features that could create a safetyhazard for operators or others working in the immediatevicinity such as exposed rotating parts, o

47、r hot surfaces.13.2.1 Assess the overall quality of workmanship of thesystem during the test by visual inspection and reporting of thefollowing:13.2.1.1 Relative simplicity or complexity of design,13.2.1.2 Potential safety hazards such as sharp protrusions,rough edges, weak lifting points or unsafe

48、pump/powerpackconfiguration or design,13.2.1.3 Overall size re: transportation and operation,13.2.1.4 Logical placement and reasonable access to com-ponents for inspection and service, and13.2.1.5 Compatibility of system components: do they workwell together, or are they mismatched and inappropriate

49、. (Forexample: skimmers designed for light oil recovery should notbe equipped with a (sparking) gasoline engine; an oversizeddischarge port and bulky hose may lead to difficulties inhandling, tethering and priming; skimmers intended for usewith highly viscous oil should have a large diameter transferhose).13.2.2 If appropriate, use non-destructive testing or qualityassurance system or regulatory certification to assess thestructural integrity of the skimmer.13.3 Design criteria should be considered when assessingequipment as follows:13.3.1 Safety-Related:13.3.1.1 The loc