ASTM F1972-2005 Standard Guide for Terminology Relating to Candles and Associated Accessory Items《蜡烛及相关辅助用品的相关术语标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1972 05Standard Guide forTerminology Relating to Candles and Associated AccessoryItems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1972; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide defines standard terms used to describecandles and associated accessory products.1.2 The values stated in inch-poun

3、d units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are for informa-tion only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 2417 Specification for Fire Safety for Candles2.2 NFPA Standard:3NFPA 909 Code for the Protection of Cultural Resources3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms

4、Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 base material, nintended fuel source for candleflame.3.1.2 burn cycle, nlength of time the candle is burnedduring one test day. For this test, a burn cycle is 4 h (seeSpecification F 2417).3.1.3 burn period, ntotal time the candle is burned overthe duration of the tes

5、t. For this test, the burn period will be 16h.3.1.4 candle, none or more combustible wicks supportedby a material that constitutes a fuel which is solid, semi-solid,or quasi-rigid at room temperature, 68 to 80F (20 to 27C);it can also contain additives that are used for color, odor,stability, or to

6、modify the burning characteristics; the combinedfunction of which is to sustain a light-producing flame.3.1.4.1 altar candle, ncandle that is constructed, pack-aged, and labeled as an altar candle.3.1.4.2 DiscussionThe candle is used in a place of wor-ship in close proximity to the altar during the

7、religious serviceor ceremony.3.1.4.3 birthday candle, ncandle whose sole purpose is tobe used on a birthday cake.3.1.4.4 Easter, Paschal, sacramental candle, ncandle thatis constructed, packaged, and labeled as an Easter, Paschal, orsacramental candle (or some combination of these names, forexample,

8、 Easter/Paschal), generally 43.2 cm (17.0 in.) or morein length.3.1.4.5 DiscussionThe candle shall be displayed andburned in the place of worship as the focal candle during Easteror with the celebration of various sacraments. The candle isadorned with symbols and ornamentation as required anddeemed

9、appropriate.3.1.4.6 filled candle, na candle produced and used withinthe same vessel.3.1.4.7 freestanding candle, na rigid candle (for example,pillar-shaped, column-shaped, or figurine) that is intended to beburned only on a heatresistant, noncombustible surface or ona heat-resistant, noncombustible

10、 candle accessory.3.1.4.8 taper candle, na slender candle produced to beused with a candle accessory for support.3.1.4.9 tealight candle, na cylindrical filled candle pro-duced with a diameter and height of approximately 1.5 in. (38mm) and 0.75 in. (19 mm) respectively3.1.4.10 votive candle, na cand

11、le produced for use fullywithin a candle accessory, specifically, a votive holder.3.1.5 candle accessory, nan object designed for use witha candle.3.1.5.1 votive holder, na small open vessel designed tohold a votive candle during use; the votive holder must becapable of containing the entire volume

12、of the melted votivecandle.3.1.6 candle flashover, ncondition where the base mate-rials vapors ignite over the entire fuel pool.3.1.7 end of useful life, nwhen the candle ceases tosupport combustion and the candle flame(s) goes(go) out on itsown, as designed, and cannot be re-lit.3.1.8 ensemble, na

13、candle and items physically packagedtogether and intended for use with the candle for sale as oneunit at the retail level.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on ConsumerProducts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.45 on CandleProducts.Current edition approved

14、 Sept. 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1972 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, ref

15、er to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.9 fuel pool, npoo

16、l of molten base material.3.1.10 fuel pool establishment period, ntime, 15 min orlonger, before each burn cycle that a candle must be burned toestablish a normal fuel pool and stable flame.3.1.11 gel type candle, na candle where the primary fuelis a liquid, such as mineral oil, terpene type chemical

17、s, ormodified hydrocarbons that are not mineral oil based, whichmay or may not contain organic functional groups; it alsocontains a chemical agent to increase the viscosity (thicken) toa point where the candle has a quasi-rigid property.3.1.12 label, nthe term label is used to refer not only tostick

18、-on-type labels, but to any other method of providing thewarning message, for example, melt imprinting, embossing,direct printing, etc.3.1.13 molten fuel pool, nportion of the wax or fuel poolof a candle that is in the liquid form when the candle isburning.3.1.14 optical densitometer, ninstrument us

19、ed for deter-mining the optical density in the transmittance or reflectancemode.3.1.15 place of worship, nany building that functionsprimarily as a group meeting place for the practice of religion(see NFPA 909).3.1.15.1 DiscussionThis includes, but is not limited to,churches, synagogues, cathedrals,

20、 temples, and meeting halls.3.1.16 product display space, nthe area of the panel seenby the retail customer on which the warning label is displayedwhen looking at the top, bottom, or sides of the unit of sale.3.1.17 secondary ignition, nself-sustained flame otherthan that on the intended wick(s) tha

21、t occurs during candle use,including candle flashover.3.1.18 self-sustained flame, nflame that continues to burnuntil the fuel source is removed or depleted or requires manualextinguishing.3.1.19 top of the candle, nthe upper most part of thecandle or container.3.1.20 unit of sale, nthe candle or ca

22、ndle and its containeror package as purchased by the consumer.3.1.21 visible emissions, nemissions that can be seen oncecollected on a substrate.3.1.22 wax, na crystalline, plastic solid or semi-solidmaterial at 77F (25C), consisting of a mixture of hydrocar-bons or hydrocarbon derivatives, or both,

23、 that typically attemperatures equal to or greater than 104F (40C), melts andbecomes a low viscosity liquid. Waxes may be of mineral(particularly petroleum), vegetable, animal (including insect),or synthetic origin.3.1.23 wax candle, na candle for which the primary fuelis wax.3.1.24 wick, nan object

24、 that delivers fuel to a flamethrough the process of capillary action.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide is used to establish a set of definitions thatallows manufacturers, consumers, retailers, and the scientificcommunity to use a common language to define candles andassociated accessory items.5

25、. Keywords5.1 candle; flame; wickASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof

26、 infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this s

27、tandard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake you

28、r views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F1972052