ASTM F1955-2015 Standard Test Method for Flammability of Sleeping Bags《睡袋易燃性的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: F1955 15 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFlammability of Sleeping Bags1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1955; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This fire-test response test method contains a method toassess the flammability, expressed as a burn rate, of sleepingbags wh

3、ich use various materials and constructions in theirmanufacture.1.2 Sleeping bags that comply with the requirements in thistest method shall be permitted to be labeled as complying withthe appropriate requirements, to facilitate the identification ofproducts conforming to this test method.1.3 This t

4、est method is technically equivalent to the flam-mability standard CPAI-75, issued by the Industrial FabricsAssociation International (see 2.2), and which has been in useas a flammability requirement for the sleeping bag industry inthe U.S.NOTE 1CPAI-75 expresses burn rate in units of inches/minute

5、whilethis test method expresses burn rate in units of centimetres/minute.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to

6、 heat andflame under controlled conditions, but does not by itselfincorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskassessment of the materials, products, or assemblies underactual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated

7、with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property shall be employed

8、 inconducting these tests.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic MaterialsE176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 Industr

9、ial Fabrics Association International Standard:3Specification CPAI-75 A Rate of Burn Standard for SleepingBags3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod associated with fire issues, refer to Terminology E176.For definitions of terms used in this test method associa

10、ted withtextile issues, refer to Terminology D123.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 burn rate, nthe distance traveled by a flame on aburning material or product during a specified time underspecified conditions.3.2.2 combustible, adjcapable of undergoing combustion.3.2.2.1 Dis

11、cussionThe term combustible is often delim-ited to specific fire-exposure conditions.3.2.3 sleeping bag, na structure made of down, syntheticfiberfill, shell fabrics, and/or other materials, that is designedfor thermal protection while sleeping (for example, outdoors,tent, cabin).4. Summary of Test

12、Method4.1 Ten specimens are cut from individual sleeping bags orfrom a physically accurate facsimile.4.2 Five of these specimens are tested as received (afterconditioning).4.3 The other five of these specimens are laundered (or drycleaned, as appropriate) three times in accordance with the1This test

13、 method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.22 on Camping Softgoods.Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition appro

14、ved in 2005 as F1955 99 (2005)which was withdrawn in January 2014 and reinstated in April 2015. DOI:10.1520/F1955-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to

15、 the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Support for Specification CPA175 is to be discontinued by the IndustrialFabrics Association International and replaced with Test Method F1955.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. U

16、nited States1manufacturers instructions and then conditioned. These speci-mens are also then tested after conditioning.4.4 Each of the specimens to be tested is placed in the testapparatus. A standardized flame is applied to the folded edgefor a specified time under controlled conditions and the bur

17、nrate is calculated to determine if the specimens meet theperformance requirements.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is suitable to assess the fabric burn rateof sleeping bag fabrics.5.2 This test method is applicable to all sleeping bags.5.3 This test method is technically equivalent to C

18、PAI-75,which is used for the acceptance of commercial shipments ofsleeping bags.5.4 When combustible fabrics are used for sleeping bagsthey are potentially dangerous to the user because of their easeof ignition (since all combustible materials will ignite) andbecause it is possible that they will ex

19、hibit a high burn rate.5.5 Most fabrics used to make sleeping bags are combus-tible (see 3.2.2). Fabrics can be combustible due to the inherentchemical composition of the fabric material or due to thefinishing processes used or both.5.6 Changes in finishes or in fabric surface treatments canexert a

20、large effect on the fabric flammability. Therefore,sleeping bags shall be tested both before and after laundering(or dry cleaning, as appropriate) in accordance with themanufacturers instructions.5.7 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one ormore specific sets of laboratory test condit

21、ions. If different testconditions are substituted or the end-use conditions arechanged, it is not always possible by or from this test methodto predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristicsmeasured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire testexposure conditions described in t

22、his procedure.5.8 It must be understood, moreover, that no guarantee canbe given and none is implied that sleeping bags complying withthe performance requirements of this test method will not behazardous under certain conditions.6. Sampling6.1 Lot SizeA lot shall be considered the size of thecontrac

23、t between the buyer and the supplier unless otherwiseagreed upon between the supplier and the buyer.6.2 All specimens shall be selected randomly from the lot.6.3 Sample UnitA sample unit shall consist of ten speci-mens.7. Test Specimens7.1 Test SpecimensA total of ten test specimens shall betaken fr

24、om the sleeping bag as shown in Fig. 1 and shall havea finished size of 30 by 36 cm (12 by 14 in.).7.2 In the event that it is impossible to cut an actual samplefrom a sleeping bag due to its construction, a 30 by 71-cm (12by 28-in.) facsimile shall be permitted to be constructed andfolded. All comp

25、onents shall be used in their correct positionsand amounts.7.3 LaunderingFive of the ten test specimens to be testedshall be laundered (or dry cleaned, as appropriate) and driedthree times in accordance with the procedures recommendedby the manufacturer.7.4 CompressionSamples shall be compressed to

26、one halftheir original loft for 24 h prior to testing (see Note 2).NOTE 2An easy method of accomplishing this compression is to stacka number of specimens in a box and compress them all to half theiroriginal height under a board or plate held down by pins through the sideof the box, and so forth.7.5

27、 Re-LoftingFollowing the 24-h compression period,the specimens shall be allowed a minimum of1htoregaintheir loft before tests are conducted.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the fabrics to be tested in accordance with therecommendations of Practice D1776 as related to textile testspecimens. Fabrics shall

28、 be conditioned to moisture equilib-rium (constant weight) at an ambient temperature of 23 6 3C(73 6 5F) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5%.8.2 Conduct all tests in the conditioning room (8.1)orwithin 15 min of removal from the conditioning room atmo-sphere. After conditioning, specimens shall not b

29、e exposed toan environment with an uncontrolled relative humidity formore than 15 min prior to testing.8.3 All testing shall be performed in a draft-free environ-ment.9. Apparatus9.1 Test ChamberUse the test chamber shown in Fig. 2 fortesting. Place the test chamber under or in some type of exhausto

30、r fume hood to allow for the venting of the fumes and smokeassociated with the test method.9.2 Support FrameUse a support frame conforming toFig. 3 to mount the test specimen. The support frame shall beconstructed of 3-mm (18-in.) steel.9.3 Hold-Down PlateUse a hold down plate conformingto Fig. 4 fo

31、r testing. It shall be constructed of 3-mm (18-in.)steel.9.4 Spacers and ClampsA spacer and clamping arrange-ment shall be used which is capable of positioning thehold-down plate with its bottom surface 25 mm (1 in.) abovethe top surface of the support frame, so that it will hold the testspecimen at

32、 a 25 mm (1 in.) thickness on the two sides and theback.9.5 ThreadUse #50 white mercerized cotton thread.9.6 TapeUse tape or an alternate method (such as smallclips) for fastening the thread to the frame.9.7 WeightsUse weights (for example small clamp-typepaper clips) to attach to the timing threads

33、.F1955 152FIG. 1 Test SpecimenF1955 1539.8 BurnerThe burner shall consist of a barrel that threadsonto a one-piece base and gas inlet. The components shall beconstructed of metal, typically of brass or aluminum.9.8.1 Burner BarrelThe burner barrel shall consist of amixing tube and threaded air-inlet

34、 adapter. The mixing tubeshall be of seamless construction, with an inside diameter of9.5 6 0.3 mm. The length of the barrel from the top of theair-inlet openings to the top of the mixing tube shall be 100 610 mm. The top of the mixing tube shall not be equipped withend attachments, such as stabiliz

35、ers. The air inlet adapter,located at the bottom of the mixing tube, shall be approxi-mately 25 mm high and 20 mm in overall diameter. Theminimum area of the air-inlet openings shall be 225 mm2distributed equidistant around the adapter. With the barrel fullyscrewed into the base and the lock nut in

36、place, the air-inletopenings shall be completely closed.NOTE 3The requirement for the minimum area of the air-inletopenings has commonly been obtained with three openings, approxi-mately 6.5 by 12.5 mm.9.8.2 Burner OrificeThe base of the burner shall beequipped with an orifice of 0.90 6 0.03 mm in d

37、iameter and1.60 6 0.05 mm in length.9.8.3 Needle ValveThe base of the burner shall beequipped with a machined needle valve to restrict the orificeopening and regulate gas velocity through the burner. Aknurled knob shall be provided for adjustment of the valve. Theneedle valve shall be machined with

38、a conical point using anangle of 40 with a maximum flat top of 0.4 mm.9.8.3.1 The needle must align with the orifice in the valveseat. Alignment can be confirmed by removing the barrel andigniting the fuel gas directly at the orifice. The flame shallremain vertical. Periodically confirm the alignmen

39、t and takeappropriate actions to ensure the flame remains vertical.NOTE 4If the flame slants, possible reasons include, but are notlimited to: the orifice is off-center, or the needle is worn.9.8.4 Gas InletThe base of the burner shall be providedwith a serrated fitting for connection to the gas sup

40、ply.NOTE 5The burner above corresponds to the burner in SpecificationD5025.9.8.5 Burner FlameThe burner shall provide a flame, withthe tube vertical, 38 mm (112 in.) in height. The air inlet to theburner shall be closed during testing.9.9 GasThe gas used shall be methane gas of a technicalgrade of 9

41、7 % pure or better.9.10 StopwatchA stopwatch or other timing device shallbe used which is capable of measuring the burning time towithin 0.2 s.10. Procedure10.1 Mount the specimen horizontally on the support framewith the sewn sides and end held at 2.5-cm (1-in.) thickness bythe U-shaped hold-down f

42、rame, spacers, and clamps with thefolded end of the specimen positioned at the open end of theU-shaped frame.10.2 Attach two #50 white mercerized cotton threads to oneedge of the frame at points 3.8 cm (112 in.) and 28 cm (1112in.) back from the open end, for example, with 25 cm (10 in.)in between,

43、and stretch across the specimen, attaching smallweights to the overhanging ends of the threads. Timing willbegin and end as the respective threads burn through and theirweights drop.10.3 With the flame adjusted as in 9.8.5 and the frame withmounted specimen in the test chamber, position the burner s

44、othat the center of the burner tip is 1.9 cm (0.75 in.) below thecenter of the edge of the exposed end of the specimen.10.4 Lower the test chamber door.10.5 Expose the specimen to the flame for 30 s to forceignition (see Section 11).FIG. 2 Test ChamberF1955 15410.6 Begin timing when the flame spread

45、 burns through thefirst thread causing the weights to fall. Continue timing untilthe flame spread burns through the second thread causing theweights to fall or the flame extinguishes itself before reachingthe second thread. Stop the timing at this point.10.7 The operator conducting this test method

46、shall note onthe report the amount of time which has elapsed and thedistance that the flame has traveled. Repeat these proceduresfor the remaining nine test specimens.11. Interferences11.1 DraftUncontrolled air movement within the testchamber while tests are being performed can impact the testresult

47、s severely, which is why the test is performed in adraft-free environment as noted in 8.3.11.1.1 The fan in the fume or exhaust hood shall be turnedoff during the test and turned on after the test is completed, toexhaust the combustion gases.11.1.2 If exhaust of the fumes becomes necessary during th

48、eactual burn time this shall be reported. Moreover the operatorshall watch for any visible changes in the flaming, or increasedburn rates, and either turn the fan down or off as necessary toavoid incorrect test results.12. Calculation12.1 Burn RateTo calculate the burn rate (B, in units ofcm per min

49、ute) use the following formula:B 5 60 3 D T! (1)where:D = the distance the flame travels (in cm), andT = the time for the flame to travel D cm (in seconds).13. Report13.1 Performance RequirementsWhen subjected to thetest described in Section 10, the average burn rate shall notexceed 15 cm/min (approximately 6 in./min). No individualspecimen shall have a burn rate of more than 20 cm/min(approximately 8 in./min).13.2 Test ResultsThe results of the test shall be given as astatement of pass or fail.FIG. 3 Support FrameF1955 15513.3