ASTM F1918-2004 Standard Safety Performance Specification for Soft Contained Play Equipment《软的封闭式游乐设备的标准安全性能规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1918 04Standard Safety Performance Specification forSoft Contained Play Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1918; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This safety performance specification provides safetyand performance standards for soft contained play equipment.Its purpose is to

3、reduce the potential for life-threatening anddebilitating injuries.1.2 The range of users encompassed by this safety perfor-mance specification is the 5thpercentile 2 year old to the 95thpercentile 12 year old.1.3 Public playground equipment, home playground equip-ment, sports equipment, amusement r

4、ides, fitness equipmentnot part of the play system, water-related attractions anddevices, and toys and juvenile products are not included in thisspecification.1.4 This specification does not address accessibility, exceptas it pertains to safety issues not covered in The AmericansWith Disabilities Ac

5、t Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG).21.5 This safety performance specification includes the fol-lowing sections:TitleSectionNumberScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3General Requirements 4Materials and Manufacture 5Performance Requirements 6Requirements for Access/Egress 7Equipment 8Areas Outsi

6、de Equipment 9Structural Integrity 10Maintenance 11Fire Safety 12Evacuation 13Figures Annex A12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E 648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Covering Systems Using A Radiant Heat Energy SourceF 1004 Consumer Safety Specification for Expansion Gatesand

7、 Expandable EnclosuresF 1077 Guide for the Selection of Committee F16 FastenerSpecificationsF 1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of SurfaceSystems Under and Around Playground EquipmentF 1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specification forPlayground Equipment for Public UseF 1951 Specification f

8、or Determination of Accessibility ofSurface Systems Under and Around Playground Equip-ment2.2 Federal Standards:416 CFR Part 1303Ban of Lead-Containing Paint andCertain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-ContainingPaint16 CFR 1500Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, in-cluding Sections:1500.48Technical

9、 Requirements for determining aSharp Point in Toys and other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under 8 Years of Age.1500.49Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys and Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under 8 Years of Age.16 CFR Section 1501 Method for I

10、dentifying Toys andOther Articles Intended for Use by Children Under 3 Yearsof Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration or IngestionHazards Because of Small PartsAmericans With Disabilities Act, Public Law 101336:28 CFR 35 Title II, Subtitle A28 CFR 36 Title III, Appendix A36 CFR Part 1191 Americans wi

11、th Disabilities Act Acces-sibility Guidelines (ADAAG)2.3 Other Standards:1This safety performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTMCommittee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee F15.36 on Soft-Contained Play Systems.Current edition approved March 1

12、, 2004. Published April 2004. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as F 1918 98.2More information on federal requirements for play equipment accessibility maybe obtained from the Office of Technical and Information Services, Architecturaland Transportation Barriers Comp

13、liance Board, 1331 F Street, NW, Suite 1000,Washington, DC 20004-1111 or at www.access-board.gov/play/finalrule.htm.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to

14、the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.UL Standard 94 Test for Flammabi

15、lity of Plastic Materialsfor Parts, Devices, and AppliancesUL Standard 1975 Fire Tests for Foamed Plastics Used forDecorative PurposesNFPA 101 Life Safety CodeNFPA 701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for FlamePropagation of Textiles and FilmsNational Electrical Code (NEC)California Technical Bulletin

16、 1173. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accessible, adjrelating to a part or portion of theplay systems (1) capable of being contacted by any body part,or (2) usable by persons with disabilities.3.1.2 air filled device, na play activity which allows theuser to bounce upon an inflated structure withi

17、n soft containedplay equipment.3.1.3 alternative means of hand support, nnetting or othermaterial that follows the path of access or egress, that, whengrasped, provides balance and support in maintaining a specificbody posture.3.1.4 ball pool, nany contained area with loose balls forthe purpose of p

18、lay or transition.3.1.5 barrier, protective, nan enclosing device that isintended to prevent both inadvertent and deliberate attempts topass through the device.3.1.6 climber, nany component with the purpose of as-cending or descending transition.3.1.7 completely bounded opening, nany opening inSCPE

19、that is totally enclosed by boundaries on all sides so thatthe perimeter of the opening is continuous.3.1.8 component, na part of a play system, any portionthereof that generates specific activity and does not standalone.3.1.9 designated play surface, nany elevated surface forstanding, walking, sitt

20、ing or climbing; or flat surface largerthan 2 in. (50 mm) wide by 2 in. (50 mm) long having less thana 30 angle from horizontal.3.1.10 emergency access/egress pathway, na clear andunencumbered path which leads directly into or out of the playequipment in a continuous manner.3.1.11 entanglement, na c

21、ondition in which the usersclothing or something around the users neck becomes caughtor entwined on a component of playground equipment.3.1.12 fabric, mesh, na woven fabric with a permeablenetwork made from interlacing threads or mono filament fibers.3.1.13 fabric, solid, na coated or laminated clos

22、ed weavefabric.3.1.14 fall height, nthe vertical distance between a des-ignated play surface and the protective surfacing beneath it.3.1.15 flexible component, nany part of the SCPE thattemporarily changes its shape when in use; examples includethe tire net, the cargo net, and the log bridge.3.1.16

23、netting, nan open work fabric made of threads,cords, or mono filament fibers woven or knotted together atregular intervals.3.1.17 net, webbing, na lattice of webbing sewn orotherwise affixed together at overlapping conjunctions.3.1.18 non-climbable net or mesh, na net or mesh, such asmetal, fabric,

24、or synthetic material, that is not intended to beclimbed and which passes the test procedure for non-climbablenet or mesh.3.1.19 partially bounded opening, nany opening in SCPEthat is not totally enclosed by boundaries on all sides so that theperimeter of the opening is discontinuous.3.1.20 platform

25、, na flat surface, intended for more thanone user to stand upon, and upon which the user can movefreely.3.1.21 play area, na designated space intended for chil-drens play.3.1.22 play opportunity, nany piece of equipment in-tended to generate specific recreational and/or learning activity.3.1.23 prev

26、entive maintenance, na planned program ofinspections and maintenance intended to keep equipmentfunctioning properly and to forestall equipment failures.3.1.24 projection, na condition which, due to its physicalnature, must be tested to requirements of this standard todetermine whether it is a protru

27、sion or an entanglement hazardor both.3.1.25 protective surfacing, nsurfacing material(s) to beused within the use zone of SCPE.3.1.26 protrusion, na projection which, when tested inaccordance with requirements of this standard, is found to be ahazard having the potential to cause serious bodily inj

28、ury to auser who impacts it.3.1.27 slide exit region, nthe lower end of a slide intendedto slow the user before exiting.3.1.28 slide use zone, nthe area immediately adjacent toaccessible parts of the slide that is designated for circulationand on the surface of which a user would land when fallingfr

29、om or exiting the slide.3.1.29 soft contained play, equipment (SCPE), na playstructure made up of one or more components where the userenters a fully enclosed play environment that utilizes pliablematerial(s) (for example, plastic, netting, or fabric).3.1.30 upper body equipment, nequipment intended

30、 to begrasped by the users hands and maneuvered upon using onlythe hands and arms.3.1.31 webbing, na woven narrow gage flat fabric.3.1.32 zone, non-use, nlocked or secured area around orunderneath the play system where unauthorized access is notallowed.3.1.33 zone, use, nthe area immediately adjacen

31、t to allexternal areas of the SCPE that is designated for circulationand on the surface of which a user would land when fallingfrom or exiting the equipment.4. General Requirements4.1 Playground equipment represented as complying withthis consumer safety performance specification shall meet allappli

32、cable requirements specified herein. Anyone representingcompliance with this specification shall keep such essentialrecords as are necessary to document any claim that therequirements within this specification have been met.4.2 SCPE should be designed to allow natural air circulationand lines of vis

33、ibility between users and persons supervising.F19180425. Materials and Manufacture5.1 General RequirementsSoft contained play equipmentshall be manufactured and constructed only of materials thathave a demonstrated durability in the playground or similarsetting. Any new materials shall be documented

34、 or tested fordurability by the soft contained play equipment manufacturer.5.1.1 Regardless of the material or the treatment processused, the manufacturer shall not utilize materials known to behazardous (for example, lead, arsenic, creosote). All paints orsimilar finishes shall comply with 16 CFR P

35、art 13035.2 All fasteners used to construct soft contained playequipment shall be manufactured in accordance with GuideF 1077 and shall meet the requirements of Section 6.5.2.1 All fasteners, connecting, and covering devices shallbe inherently corrosion resistant or be provided with a corro-sion res

36、istant coating.5.2.2 When installed in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions, fasteners, connecting, and covering devices shallnot loosen or be removable without the use of tools. Lockwashers, self-locking nuts, or other locking means shall beprovided for all fasteners to secure them from un

37、intentionalloosening. Hardware in moving joints shall also be securedagainst unintentional loosening.5.2.3 Connecting devices and hooks shall be subject to therequirements of Section 6.6. Performance Requirements6.1 These requirements apply to the play equipment and donot apply to nonuse zones.6.2 H

38、ead and Neck EntrapmentSoft contained playequipment shall be designed and constructed or assembled sothat any accessible opening shall meet the following perfor-mance requirements to reduce the risk of head or neckentrapment by either a head first or feet first entry into theopening.6.2.1 Accessible

39、 OpeningsA completely bounded rigidopening is accessible when it is possible to insert the torso testprobe (see Fig. A1.1) into the opening to a depth of 4.0 in. (100mm) or more.6.2.1.1 Test Procedure for Completely Bounded RigidOpeningsAlign the torso probe (see Fig. A1.1) so that theplane of its b

40、ase is parallel to the plane of the opening. Rotatethe probe to its most adverse orientation (that is, major axis ofthe base of the probe parallel to the major axis of the opening)and attempt to insert it in the opening. If it is possible to insertthe torso probe into the opening to a depth of 4.0 i

41、n. (100 mm)or more, place the head probe (see Fig. A1.2) in the openingwith the plane of the base of the probe parallel to the plane ofthe opening. An opening passes this test if (1) the opening doesnot admit the torso probe when it is rotated to any orientationabout its own axis, or (2) the opening

42、 admits the torso probeand also admits the head probe. An opening fails the test if theopening admits the torso probe but does not admit the headprobe.6.2.2 Nonrigid Completely Bounded OpeningsA nonrigidopening such as may be found in but not limited to flexiblenets, tarps, and plastic enclosures is

43、 considered accessible if atorso probe will penetrate the opening to a depth of 4.0 in. (100mm) or more when tested in accordance with the test procedureoutlined in 6.2.2.1 (see Figs. A1.1 and A1.2 for probe dimen-sions).6.2.2.1 Test Procedure for Completely Non-rigid BoundedOpeningsAlign the torso

44、probe (see Fig. A1.1) so that theplane of its base is parallel to the plane of the opening. Rotatethe probe to its most adverse orientation (that is, major axis ofthe base of the probe parallel to the major access of theopening). Apply a force 50 lbf (220 N) to the probe to attemptto pass it through

45、 the opening. If the base of the probe passesthrough the opening, place the large head probe in the opening,tapered end first, with the plane of its base parallel to the planeof the opening. Apply a force of 50 lbf (220 N) to the probe toattempt to pass it through the opening. A nonrigid openingpass

46、es the test if: (1) the opening does not allow the torso probeto be inserted so deep that the opening admits the base of theprobe when it is rotated to any orientation about its own axis,or (2) the opening allows full passage of the torso probe andalso allows the large head probe to pass completely

47、through. Anonrigid opening fails the test if the opening allows fullpassage of the torso probe but does not admit the large headprobe.6.2.3 Angular Portions of OpeningsAngles formed by thesurfaces of an opening (that is, adjacent surfaces or surfacesthat intersect when projected with a distance betw

48、een surfacesgreater than 9.0 in. (230 mm) should be at least 55 unless oneof the conditions defined in 6.2.3.1 exists.6.2.3.1 Exemptions to 6.2.3:(1) Inverted Angle of V ConditionThose Vs which areinverted. A V is considered inverted if the lower adjacent legforming the V is horizontal or slopes dow

49、nward from the apex(see Fig. A1.3).(2) Filled Apex ConditionV angles less than 55 wherethe apex of the angle is filled to the point that will not allow thehead probe (see Fig. A1.3) to contact both surfaces of the anglesimultaneously when the probe is rotated to any orientationabout its own axis (see Fig. A1.3).6.3 Sharp Points and EdgesThere shall be no accessiblesharp points or edges, on soft contained play equipment.6.3.1 Sharp Points and Sharp EdgesAll points and edgeson soft contained play equipment shall be tested for s