ASTM F1776-2014 Standard Specification for Eye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports《彩弹球运动眼部保护装置的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: F1776 12F1776 14 An American National StandardStandard Specification forEye Protective Devices for Paintball Sports1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis

2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis is the specification for eye, face, and head protective devices, or EHPD, to be used in the spor

3、tof paintball. Paintball is a sport that, like all sports, has intrinsic hazards. These hazards include beinghit by paintballs. Protective equipment cannot eliminate all injuries but will substantially reduce theirseverity and frequency. Participation in this sport by a player implies acceptance of

4、injury risk. Thegoal of protective equipment is to minimize the risk of injury.Performance requirements are presented and are intended to minimize injury with minimalimpairment of the form and appeal of the sport. This specification is subject to revision as indicatedby subsequent injury statistics.

5、The impact requirements are designed to give eye, adnexa of eye, and head protection frompaintball impacts likely to be encountered under game conditions. While the EHPD also may protectthe user from other potential impacts, such as running into tree branches, there are many conceivableimpacts, incl

6、uding falls from heights, which could exceed the specification and result in eye injurydespite the use of the EHPD.1. Scope1.1 This specification applies to eye, face, and head protective devices, designed for use by players of the sport of paintball,which minimize or significantly reduce injury to

7、the eye, adnexa of eye, face, and head due to paintball impact or penetration, orboth.1.2 EHPDs by nature provide three types of protection. The first type of protection is for the eyes and adnexa of eye and notnecessarily for any other parts of the face or head. The second type of protection adds c

8、overage for the ears and face. The thirdtype of coverage adds cranial coverage in addition to that provided to types II and III. These coverage types are defined in Section8.1.3 This specification does not limit the wearing of eyeglasses or contact lenses when used in conjunction with the EHPD.1.4 T

9、he values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appro

10、priate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1027 Test Method for Determining Visible Abrasion Resistance of Glazed Ceramic TileD1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent

11、 PlasticsF803 Specification for Eye Protectors for Selected SportsF1979 Specification for Paintballs Used in the Sport of PaintballF2272 Specification for Paintball Markers1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and i

12、s the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.57 on Eye Safety for Sports.Current edition approved July 1, 2012Sept. 1, 2014. Published August 2012September 2014. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20102012as F1776 10.F1776 12. DOI: 10.1520/F1776-12.10.1520/F1776-14.2 Fo

13、r referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to pro

14、vide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the

15、 standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 ANSI Standards:ANSI Z80.3 Requirements for Nonprescription Sunglasses and Fashion Eyewear3ANSI Z87.1 Practice

16、 for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protectors32.3 CSA Standard:4CSA Z262.6-02 Specifications for Facially Featured Headforms2.4 EN Standard:5EN 168 Personal Eye Protection Non-Optical Test Method - Section 17 Headforms2.5 Federal Standards:6No. 406No. 30222.4 CSA Standard:5CSA Z262.6 Spe

17、cifications for Facially Featured Headforms3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 adnexa, nadjunct parts of the eye, including the orbit, orbital contents, eyelids, and the lacrimal apparatus.3.1.2 astigmatism, na condition in a lens that creates two axially separated

18、 line foci of each object point, the lines beingmutually perpendicular. In other words, the lens has two different refractive powers in meridians that are 90 apart.3.1.3 base-in, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through an EHPD,spaced apar

19、t by the interpupillary distance, to converge.3.1.4 base-out, adjrelating to the type of prism imbalance that tends to cause parallel rays of light passing through an EHPD,spaced apart by the interpupillary distance, to diverge.3.1.5 binocular, adjrelating to the field of view that is shared by both

20、 eyes simultaneously.3.1.6 caliber, nthe term used to refer to the size of a paintball projectile. Related to the measurement of the diameter of thepaintball.3.1.7 central viewing zone, nthat part of a lens that has its center in line with the wearerswearers line of sight when lookingstraight ahead.

21、 The zone is circular in shape. For the purpose of this specification, it shall be considered to be 38 mm in diameter.The center of the central viewing zone shall be the point of intersection of the line of sight with the lens as mounted on the CSAadult headform, as specified by the manufacturer.3.1

22、.8 cleanable, adjthe ability of an EHPD to be made readily free of dirt or grime without being damaged during anappropriate cleaning process, such as the use of soap and water.3.1.9 corneal apex, nThe most anterior point of the cornea when the eye is in the primary position.3.1.10 coverage, nthose a

23、reas of the eye, face, and head as covered by the EHPD as defined in 8.3.3.1.11 definition, optical, nthe characteristic of a lens that allows separate distinct points in close proximity to be discernedwhen looking through the lens.3.1.12 dislodge, vremove or force an object from its original positi

24、on.3.1.13 eye, nrelating to the eye of the headform or the eye of a person wearing an EHPD or that part of an EHPD throughwhich a wearers eye would normally look.3.1.14 eye of the headform, nall structures contained within the orbital rim of the CSAspecified headform.3.1.15 EHPD, ndevice that provid

25、es protection to the wearers eyes, face, and head against paintball impact or penetration,or both.3.1.16 haze, nthe fraction of the total transmitted light from a normally incident beam that is not transmitted in a focusedcondition but scattered by inclusions or surface defects. Excessive haze will

26、reduce contrast and visibility.3.1.17 headform, nas utilized within this standard for the as-worn assessment of EHPDs, key dimensions of which are asprovided in CSA Z262.6.Z262.6-02 or EN 168.3.1.18 lens, ntransparent part of an EHPD through which the wearer normally sees.3.1.18.1 Discussion3 Availa

27、ble from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.5 Available from European Committee for Standardization

28、 (CEN), Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.6 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.F1776 142The most common configurations for lenses are single pane and thermal double pane. Therm

29、al double pane lenses are usuallyconstructed from a single pane lens which has a second clear airtight thermal barrier affixed to it to reduce the effects of lensfogging. Some lenses also are treated with chemical solutions to reduce lens fogging.3.1.19 lens retention component(s), ncomponents, sepa

30、rate from the lens, that are designed to retain the lens in the frame orbody of the EHPD.3.1.20 luminous transmittance, nluminous transmittance is a function of the spectral transmittance of the lens weighted by thecorresponding ordinates of the photopic luminous efficiency distribution of the CIE (

31、1931) standard colorimetric observer and bythe spectral intensity of standard Illumination C (see ANSI Z80.3).3.1.21 paintball, nspherical ball, comprised of a shell and a fill manufactured in accordance with the requirements ofSpecification F1979 and designed to be expelled from a paintball marker.

32、3.1.22 paintball fragment, na part of the shell of the paintball that will not be surrounded completely by a 3 by 5-mmrectangle.3.1.23 paintball marker, ndevice specifically designed to discharge paintballs which conforms with Specification F2272.3.1.24 orbital area, nthe area contained in a circle

33、r = 20-mm centered on the pupil of the specified headform.3.1.25 power imbalance, na condition that exists when the refractive power created by the right lens of the EHPD is differentfrom that of the left lens.3.1.26 prism, nthe angular deviation of a ray of light as it passes through a lens resulti

34、ng from the angle at which the raystrikes each surface of the lens and the index of refraction of the material from which it is made.3.1.27 prism imbalance:3.1.27.1 horizontal imbalance, nthe difference in prismatic deviation of incident parallel light beams on the two eyes of anEHPD in the horizont

35、al meridian (see base-in and base-out).3.1.27.2 vertical imbalance, nthe difference in prismatic deviation between parallel light beams incident on the two eyes ofan EHPD in the vertical meridian.3.1.28 refractive power, nthe focusing effect of a lens expressed in diopters.3.1.29 spherical power, nt

36、he average of the maximum meridional astigmatic power and the minimum meridional astigmaticpower of a lens.4. Performance Requirements4.1 Optical Requirements:4.1.1 Field of ViewWhen tested in accordance with 6.1, the basic EHPD, without any accessories such as a sun visor installed,shall have a fie

37、ld of view equal to or exceeding the following:4.1.1.1 Temporal Field50.4.1.1.2 Nasal Field30.4.1.1.3 Superior Field30.4.1.1.4 Inferior Field30.4.1.2 Refractive TolerancesWhen tested in accordance with 6.6, the spherical power shall not be less than 0.37 diopters andshall not exceed +0.06 diopters.4

38、.1.3 AstigmatismWhen tested in accordance with 6.6, the astigmatism shall not exceed 0.25 diopters.4.1.4 Power ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with 6.6, the power imbalance in corresponding meridians between the twoeyes for straight ahead seeing shall not exceed 0.18 diopters.4.1.5 PrismWhen test

39、ed in accordance with 6.4 or 6.8, the primary viewing position of either eye of a shield shall not exceed0.5 prism diopters.4.1.6 Prism ImbalanceWhen tested in accordance with 6.4 or 6.8, the prism imbalance shall meet the following criteria:4.1.6.1 Vertical Imbalance, shall not exceed +0.25 diopter

40、s.4.1.6.2 Horizontal ImbalancesNegative values (base-in) shall not be less than 0.25 prism diopters, and positive values(base-out) shall not be more than +1.0 prism diopters.4.1.7 Luminous TransmittanceWhen tested in accordance with 6.3, the luminous transmittance shall not be less than 60 % forclea

41、r lenses and not less than 20 % for tinted lenses, unless labeled very dark in which case the minimum transmittance shall beno less than 8 %. All tinted lenses shall be labeled “Not for use in low light conditions.”4.1.8 HazeWhen tested in accordance with 6.5, the haze of the EHPD lens shall not exc

42、eed 3 %.4.1.9 Optical QualityWithin the central viewing zone, striae, warpage, surface ripples, or other defects that are apparent underthe optical inspection test conditions of 6.2 shall be considered a failure. An exception is when small specks or inclusions, whichare not seen when the lens is hel

43、d close to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not be a cause of rejection.F1776 1434.1.10 Physical Lens DefectsWithin the central viewing zone, pits, scratches, grayness, bubbles, cracks, water marks, or otherdefects that are apparent under the visible inspection test conditions of 6.7 shall be

44、considered a failure. An exception that smallspecks or inclusions, which are not seen when the lens is held close to the eye in the as-worn position, shall not be cause ofrejection.4.2 Mechanical Requirements:4.2.1 When tested in accordance with Section 7, the basic EHPD, without any accessories suc

45、h as a sun visor installed:4.2.1.1 No contact by components of the EHPD or paintball fragments with the orbital area of the selected headform shall bepermitted.4.2.1.2 Any visible fracture of the lens, frame, or EHPD constitutes a failure.4.2.1.3 Any dislodging of the lens from the frame constitutes

46、 a failure.4.2.1.4 Any dislodging of a lens retention component from the EHPD constitutes a failure.4.2.1.5 Any dislodging of a component of the EHPD that would permit free passage and contact of a 5-mm diameter probe tothe orbital area of the selected headform constitutes failure.4.2.1.6 Any contac

47、t of an intact paintball, on the portion of the selected headform protected by the EHPD, after said paintballpenetrated or passed through the protective portion of the EHPD, constitutes failure.4.2.1.7 Any rotation of the headgear system inon the selected headform that would permit free passage and

48、contact of a 5-mmdiameter probe to the orbital area of the selected headform constitutes failure.5. Sample Preparation5.1 Eye and Head Protective Devices:5.1.1 Only new and complete EHPDs as offered for sale shall be tested.5.1.2 EHPDs shall be subjected to a single impact test.5.1.3 The EHPD shall

49、be conditioned for a minimum of 4 h at the specified temperature prior to each test.5.2 Test Temperatures:5.2.1 Cold Test, 12.2C6 2C (10F 6 3.5F).5.2.2 Room Temp, 23C6 2C (73F 6 3.5F).5.2.3 Hot Test, 37.8C6 2C (100F 6 3.5F).5.3 Paintballs:5.3.1 All impact testing shall be done using 68 caliber paintballs manufactured in accordance with the requirements ofSpecification F1979 and obtained within 30 days of the testing date. The paintball bulk container shall be resealed immediatelyafter each group of pain