ASTM F1696-2007 Standard Test Method for Energy Performance of Single-Rack Door-Type Commercial Dishwashing Machines《单架门式商用洗碗机的能量性能用标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1696 07An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEnergy Performance of Single-Rack, Door-Type CommercialDishwashing Machines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1696; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o

2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the energy andwater consumption of

3、single-rack, door-type commercial dish-washers (hereafter referred to as dishwashers). Dishwashersmay have a remote or self-contained booster heater. This testmethod does not address cleaning or sanitizing performance.1.2 This test method is applicable to both hot water sanitiz-ing and chemical sani

4、tizing stationary rack machines, whichinclude undercounter single rack machines; upright door-typemachines; pot, pan, and utensil machines; fresh water rinsemachines; and fill-and-dump machines. Dishwasher tank heat-ers are evaluated separately from the booster heater.1.3 The following procedures ar

5、e included in this testmethod:1.3.1 Procedures to Confirm Dishwasher is OperatingProperly Prior to Performance Testing:1.3.1.1 Maximum energy input rate of the tank heaters (see10.2).1.3.1.2 Maximum energy input rate of the booster heater, ifapplicable (see 10.3).1.3.1.3 Water consumption calibratio

6、n (see 10.4).1.3.1.4 Booster temperature calibration, if applicable (see10.5).1.3.1.5 Wash tank temperature calibration (see 10.6).1.3.2 Energy Usage and Cycle Rate Performance Tests:1.3.2.1 Washing energy test (10.7).1.3.2.2 Tank heater idle energy rate (door(s) open anddoor(s) closed) (see 10.8).1

7、.3.2.3 Booster idle energy rate, if provided (see 10.9).1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for informa-tion only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is

8、 theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 857 Specification for Hot Water Sanitizing CommercialDishwashing Machines, Statio

9、nary Rack Type2.2 NSF Standards:3NSF/ANSI 3 Commercial Warewashing EquipmentNSF/ANSI 170 Glossary of Foodservice Terms2.3 ASHRAE Document:4ASHRAE Guideline 2-1986 (RA90) Engineering Analysisof Experimental Data3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 booster heater, nwater heater for taking supply hotwat

10、er (typically 140F) up to 180F for sanitizing rinse; thebooster heater may be separate from dishwasher or integral.3.1.2 dishload, na peg type, polypropylene dishrack of aspecified weight, loaded with fifteen 9-in. plates of a specifiedweight, used to put a thermal load on the dishwasher during thew

11、ashing energy test.3.1.3 dishwasher, nfor this test method, a machine thatuniformly washes, rinses, and sanitizes eating and drinkingutensils.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe machine shall be capable of re-moving physical soil from properly racked and prescrapeditems, and sanitizing multiple-use eating and dri

12、nking utensils.3.1.4 uncertainty, nmeasure of systematic and precisionerrors in specified instrumentation or measure of repeatabilityof a reported test result.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The maximum energy input rate of the tank heater andthe booster heater is determined to check whether the dish-w

13、asher is operating at the manufacturers rated input. If the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F26 on FoodService Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F26.06 onProductivity and Energy Protocol.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published November 2

14、007. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 1696 96 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document S

15、ummary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., AnnArbor, MI 48113-0140, http:/www.nsf.org.4Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329, http:

16、/www.ashrae.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.measured input rate is not within 5 % of the rated input, allfurther testing ceases and the manufacturer is contacted. Themanufacturer may make appropriate changes or ad

17、justments tothe dishwasher.NOTE 1It is the intent of the testing procedure herein to evaluate theperformance of a dishwasher at its rated gas pressure or electric voltage.If an electric unit is rated dual voltage (that is, designed to operate at either208 or 240 V with no change in components), the

18、voltage selected by themanufacturer or tester, or both, shall be reported. If a dishwasher isdesigned to operate at two voltages without a change in the resistance ofthe heating elements, the performance of the unit (for example, recoverytime) may differ at the two voltages.Therefore the tests must

19、be performedat both voltages and results reported accordingly.4.2 The wash tank and booster temperature are retained atthe manufacturers factory settings.4.3 The water consumption is adjusted to the manufactur-ers rated water consumption per NSF/ANSI Standard 3. Thepressure regulator valve is adjust

20、ed to 20 6 1 psi and the waterconsumption measured. If this is not within 60.15 GPM of theNSF rating or the manufacturers rating if not listed to NSFstandards, then the manufacturer shall be contacted.4.4 The tank heater energy rate is determined at idle, that is,when the tank temperature is being m

21、aintained, but no washingis taking place. This test is run both with the door(s) closed andwith the door(s) left open (see 10.8).4.5 The booster heater idle energy rate is determined (see10.9).4.6 The dishwasher and booster energy consumption perrack of dishes is determined by washing 10 racks loade

22、d witha specified quantity of dishes (see 10.7).5. Significance and Use5.1 The maximum energy input rate test is used to confirmthat the dishwasher is operating at the manufacturers ratedinput prior to further testing. This test would also indicate anyproblems with the electric power supply, gas ser

23、vice pressure,or steam supply flow or pressure.5.2 The tank and booster temperature are verified and waterconsumption is adjusted to NSF specifications to ensure thatthe test is applied to a properly functioning dishwasher.5.3 Because much of a dishwashers operating period isspent in the idle condit

24、ion, tank heater and booster idle energyconsumption rate is an important part of predicting an endusers energy consumption. The test is run with the door(s)open and with the door(s) closed, so that the energy use of bothend-user behaviors can be characterized.5.4 A washing energy test generates an e

25、nergy per rackusage. This is useful both as a measure for comparing theenergy performance of one dishwasher to another and as apredictor of an end users energy consumption.6. Apparatus6.1 One or Two Wh Meters, for measuring the electricalenergy consumption of the tank heaters, pump motor, andbooster

26、 heater (if applicable), shall have a resolution of at least10Wh and a maximum uncertainty no greater than 1.5 % of themeasured value for any demand greater than 100 W. For anydemand less than 100 W, the meter shall have a resolution of atleast 10 Wh and a maximum uncertainty no greater than 10 %.6.

27、2 One or Two Gas Meters, for measuring the gas con-sumption of tank heater or booster heater, or both, shall have aresolution of at least 0.01 ft3(0.0003 m3) and a maximumuncertainty no greater than 1 % of the measured value for anydemand greater than 2.2 ft3/h (0.06 m3/h). If the meter is usedfor m

28、easuring the gas consumed by the pilot lights, it shallhave a resolution of a least 0.01 ft3(0.0003 m3) and have amaximum error of at least 0.01 ft3(0.0003 m3) and have amaximum error no greater than 2 % of the measured value.6.3 One or Two Steam Flow Meters, for measuring the flowof steam to tank h

29、eaters and or booster heater. They shall havea resolution of 0.01 ft3(0.0003 m3) and a maximum uncer-tainty of 1 % of the measured value.6.4 Pressure Gage, for measuring the pressure of steam tosteam coils. It shall have a resolution of 0.5 psig (3.4 kPa) anda maximum uncertainty of 1 % of the measu

30、red value.6.5 Canopy Exhaust Hood, mounted in agreement withmanufacturers requirements and operating at a nominal 300 to500 cfm ventilation rate or in accordance with the manufac-turers recommendation, if applicable. Report the ventilationrate.6.6 Pressure Gage, for monitoring natural gas pressure.

31、Itshall have a range of 0 to 10 in. H2O (0 to 2.5 kPa), a resolutionof 0.1 in. H2O (125 Pa), and a maximum uncertainty of 1 % ofthe measured value.6.7 Temperature Sensor, for measuring natural gas tempera-ture in the range of 50F to 100F (10 to 40C), with aresolution of 0.5F (0.3C) and an uncertaint

32、y of 61F(0.5C).6.8 Barometer, for measuring absolute atmospheric pres-sure, to be used for adjustment of measured natural gas volumeto standard conditions. It shall have a resolution of 0.2 in. Hg(670 Pa) and an uncertainty of 0.2 in. Hg (670 Pa).6.9 Flow Meter, for measuring water consumption of th

33、edishwasher. It shall have a resolution of 0.01 gal (40 mL), andan uncertainty of 0.01 gal (40 mL), at flow rate as low as 0.2gpm (13 mL/s).6.10 Stop Watch, with a 0.1-s resolution.6.11 Analytical Balance Scale, or equivalent, for measuringweight of dishes and dish racks used in the dishload energyt

34、est. It shall have a resolution of 0.01 lb (5 g) and anuncertainty of 0.01 lb (5 g).6.12 Calibrated Exposed Junction Thermocouple Probes,with a range from 20F to 400F (30 to 200C), with aresolution of 0.2F (0.1C) and an uncertainty of 1.0F (0.5C),for measuring tank temperature and booster and dishwa

35、sherinlet temperature. CalibratedType K Z4 GAthermocouple wirewith stainless steel sheath and ceramic insulation is therecommended choice for booster and dishwasher inlet tempera-ture. The thermocouple probe can be fed through a compres-sion fitting so as to submerse the exposed junction in theboost

36、er and dishwasher inlets.6.13 Dishracks, 12, Metro Mdl P2MO, 20 in. by 20 in., pegtype, commercial, or acceptable equivalent. They shall weigh4.6 6 0.1 lb and are used in the washing energy test.6.14 Plates, 150, 9 in., ceramic-glazed, weighing an averageof 1.3 6 0.05 lb each. If plates, meeting thi

37、s criteria cannot beF1696072obtained, then it will be necessary to acquire saucers, asspecified in 6.15. See 9.11 prior to obtaining these plates.NOTE 2Inter-Americant Mdl #1325are within the specified weightrange and are inexpensive.6.15 Saucers, 30, ceramic-glazed, weighing less than 0.5 lbeach. S

38、ee 9.11 for an explanation of why these may berequired.6.16 Surface Temperature Thermocouple Probe, for measur-ing the plate temperature. Resolution and uncertainty shall bethe same as in 6.12.7. Materials7.1 As specified in 6.13, the dishracks must be made ofpolypropylene. This is required because

39、the test methodassumes a specific heat of 0.39 Btu/lbF. One verification thata rack is polypropylene is if it has the recycling symbol 6x5 onit (and the letters “PP” below it).8. Sampling8.1 DishwasherA representative production model shallbe selected for performance testing.9. Preparation of Appara

40、tus9.1 Install the dishwasher in accordance with the manufac-turers instructions under a 3-ft by 3-ft canopy exhaust hood,operating at a nominal ventilation rate of 300 to 500 cfm or inaccordance with manufacturers recommendation, if appli-cable. Record the ventilation rate used for the testing. The

41、associated heating or cooling system shall be capable ofmaintaining an ambient temperature of 75 6 5F within thetesting environment when the exhaust ventilation system isworking and the appliance is being operated.9.2 Install the booster heater (if it is not integral to thedishwasher) in accordance

42、with the manufacturers recommen-dations. The pipe from the booster outlet to the dishwasherinlet shall be minimized, and shall be wrapped with12-in.insulation along its entire length.9.3 Connect the booster to a supply of water that is within63F of its rated input temperature (not to exceed 140 6 3F

43、).9.4 Connect the dishwasher (including tank heater, motorsand controls) and booster to calibrated energy test meters. Thedishwasher and booster may be monitored as one energy load,but it is preferable to monitor them separately. Separatemonitoring will broaden the usefulness of the data and enhance

44、the accuracy of the result.9.5 For gas installations, install a pressure regulator (down-stream from the meter) to maintain a constant (manifold)pressure of gas supplied to the dishwasher and booster heater(if applicable) for all tests. Install instrumentation to recordboth the pressure and temperat

45、ure of the gas supplied to thedishwasher and the barometric pressure during each test so thatthe measured gas flow can be corrected to standard conditions.9.6 For an electric tank or booster heater, confirm (while theelements are energized) that the supply voltage is within62.5 % of the operating vo

46、ltage specified by the manufacturer.If it is not, a voltage regulator may be required during the tests.Record the test voltage for each test.9.7 For a gas tank or booster heater, adjust (during maxi-mum energy input) the gas supply pressure downstream fromthe appliances pressure regulator to within

47、62.5 % of theoperating manifold pressure specified by the manufacturer.Make adjustments to the appliance following the manufactur-ers recommendations for optimizing combustion, as appli-cable.9.8 Install the flow meter (see 6.9) such that total water flowto the booster and dishwasher is measured.9.9

48、 Install a temperature sensor (see 6.12) in the wash tanknear the thermostat bulb.9.10 Install a temperature sensor (see 6.12) in the final rinseat the inlet to the rinse manifold, and in the inlet to the boosterheater. The sensors should be installed with the probe im-mersed in the water.NOTE 3Inst

49、all the thermocouple probes described in 6.12 into thewater inlets for dishwasher rinse and booster. The thermocouple probeshall be installed so that the thermocouple is immersed in the incomingwater.Acompression fitting should be installed first into the plumbing forboth inlets. A junction fitting may be installed in the plumbing line thatwould be compatible with the compression fitting.9.11 Preparation of Dish-Loads:9.11.1 This section describes preparation of ten dishloadsand two empty racks to be used in the washing energy test.9.11.