ASTM F1551-2009 Standard Test Methods for Comprehensive Characterization of Synthetic Turf Playing Surfaces and Materials《合成草地使用表面和材料综合特性的标准试验方法》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1551 09An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forComprehensive Characterization of Synthetic Turf PlayingSurfaces and Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti

2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods establish a recommended list fromwhich suitable test me

3、thods shall be selected for the identifi-cation of physical property characteristics and comparison ofthe performance properties of synthetic turf systems or com-ponents for athletic and recreational uses, or both.1.2 Some of the test procedures are suitable only for thelaboratory characterization o

4、f either components or the com-plete system; others are suitable for tests on installed sportsfields; and some tests may be applied in both the laboratory andthe field.1.3 The test procedures included in these test methods applyas a group to the description of synthetic turf playing surfaces.1.4 Som

5、e of the test procedures are specific for componentsof the synthetic turf system, and others apply to the completesynthetic turf playing surface.1.5 Reference to the methods for testing the synthetic turfplaying surface and its components contained herein shouldstate specifically the particular test

6、 or tests desired and notnecessarily refer to these test methods as a whole.1.6 This is a physical property characterization standard,and it shall not be construed as a safety standard.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for inform

7、ationonly.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Re

8、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:22.1.1 Pile Fiber:D 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD 1577 Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile FibersD 1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (YarnNumber) by the Skein MethodD 2256 Test

9、Method for Tensile Properties of Yarns by theSingle-Strand MethodD 3218 Specification for Polyolefin MonofilamentsD 7138 Test Method to Determine Melting Temperature ofSynthetic Fibers2.1.2 Fabric:D 1335 Test Method for Tuft Bind of Pile Yarn FloorCoveringsD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testin

10、g TextilesD 2859 Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of FinishedTextile Floor Covering MaterialsD 4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics(Uniform Abrasion)D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongationof Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)D 5251 Practice for the Operation of the

11、Tetrapod WalkerDrum TesterD 5793 Test Method for Binding Sites per Unit Length orWidth of Pile Yarn Floor CoveringsD 5823 Test Method for Tuft Height of Pile Floor Cover-ingsD 5848 Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area of Pile YarnFloor CoveringsE 648 Test Method for Critical Radiant Flux of Floor-Cove

12、ring Systems Using a Radiant Heat Energy SourceF 1015 Test Method for Relative Abrasiveness of SyntheticTurf Playing Surfaces2.1.3 Shock Absorbing Cushion Underlayment:D 395 Test Methods for Rubber PropertyCompressionSetD 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermo-plastic ElastomersTensionD 6

13、24 Test Method for Tear Strength of ConventionalVulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic ElastomersD 1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsPoly(Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)D 1876 Test Method for Peel Resistance of Adhesives(T-Peel Test)1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of A

14、STM Committee F08 onSports Equipment and Facilities and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF08.65 on Artificial Turf Surfaces and Systems.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 1551 03.2For refer

15、enced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West

16、 Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plasticsto Thermal and Humid AgingD 3574 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular MaterialsSlab,Bonded, and Molded Urethane FoamsD 3575 Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials MadeFrom Olefin PolymersD 3936

17、Test Method for Resistance to Delamination of theSecondary Backing of Pile Yarn Floor CoveringF 355 Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Play-ing Surface Systems and Materials2.1.4 Turf Systems:D 1667 Specification for Flexible Cellular MaterialsPoly(Vinyl Chloride) Foam (Closed-Cell)F 355

18、Test Method for Shock-Absorbing Properties of Play-ing Surface Systems and MaterialsF 1015 Test Method for Relative Abrasiveness of SyntheticTurf Playing SurfacesF 1936 Specification for Shock-Absorbing Properties ofNorth American Football Field Playing Systems as Mea-sured in the FieldF2117 Test Me

19、thod for Vertical Rebound Characteristics ofSports Surface/Ball Systems; Acoustical MeasurementF 2333 Test Method for Traction Characteristics of theAthletic ShoeSports Surface Interface2.1.4 Infill Materials:D 5644 Test Methods for Rubber CompoundingMaterialsDetermination of Particle Size Distribut

20、ion ofRecycled Vulcanizate Particulate RubberF 1632 Test Method for Particle Size Analysis and SandShape Grading of Golf Course Putting Green and SportsField Rootzone Mixes2.2 Other Standards:AT-030 Sports Shoe TractionNOTE 1AstroTurft Industries internal test procedure is suitable as abasis for new

21、 ASTM test methods.DIN 18-035 Part 6Water Permeability of Synthetic TurfSystems and Permeable BasesEN 12234 Surfaces for Sports Areas Determination ofBall RollEN 12616 Surfaces for Sports Areas Determination ofInfiltration RateEN 14808 Surfaces for Sports Areas- Determination ofForce ReductionEN 148

22、09 Surfaces for Sports Areas Determination ofVertical DeformationprEN 15301-1 Surfaces for Sports Areas- Part 1. Determi-nation of Rotational Resistance3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms are as defined in the referencedASTM procedures comprising these test methods.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific t

23、o This Standard:3.2.1 fabric constructionthe method of assembly of pileribbon and backing yarns that produces the fabric, usuallytufting, knitting, or weaving.3.2.2 infilled turf systemfield system having a long pileheight and either one or more substances in the face of thefabric to provide the des

24、ired playing properties. Infill sub-stances can be either sand, rubber or other substances or acombination of items.3.2.3 lengthwise direction, nin textiles, the direction in amachine-made fabric parallel to the direction of movement thefabric followed in the manufacturing machine.3.2.4 mattingthe e

25、xtent of change of the apparent syn-thetic turf pile thickness from the original value due topermanent compression of the pile from sports use.3.2.5 pile, nfor pile fiber turf surfacing, surface texturecomposed of many individual thin strands or groups of strandsbound to a backing fabric in a repeti

26、tive array.3.2.6 pile laythe direction in which most of the pile fiberslean in the original, uncrushed fabric.3.2.7 secondary backinga material adhered to the backingside of a pile turf fabric.3.2.8 sports shoe tractiona measure of the static or slidingcoefficient of friction between a weighted spor

27、ts shoe and theturf pile surface, horizontal motion.3.2.9 synthetic turf field systemcomposite of syntheticcontact surface material, any fill material used in the contactsurface, energy absorbing material, fabric layers, adhesives, ifany, and other constructed layers (as applicable to the indi-vidua

28、l system construction).3.2.10 synthetic turf system componentsthe separate com-ponents such as turf fabric, shock-absorbing pad, and adhesivesthat comprise the synthetic turf playing surface when as-sembled; the subcomponents such as pile yarns and backingyarns that comprise the turf fabric.3.2.11 t

29、exturethe detailed configuration of loops, cut pileends, and individual fibers in the pile layer.3.2.11.1 DiscussionTexture is the detailed appearance ofthe pile that changes by matting, crushing, flattening, fuzzing,untwisting, etc. during exposure to service. The texture shouldbe distinguished fro

30、m the construction, that is, the specifica-tions of kinds of yarns, yarn sizes, and the mode of combina-tion.3.2.12 water permeabilitythe rate at which water of aspecified head flows vertically through synthetic turf or othercomponents of the system.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 The purpose of these

31、 test methods is to provide acomprehensive characterization of synthetic turf playing sur-faces.4.2 Specific conditions of the referenced procedures arerecommended to encourage uniform application of these testmethods.4.3 Table 1 is an index of the test methods listed herein.5. Significance and Use5

32、.1 These test methods constitute a standard for obtainingdata in research and development, quality control, acceptanceand rejection under specifications, and for special purposes.5.2 The data obtained from use of these test methods areapplicable to the system and its components under conditionsof th

33、e particular test procedures and are not necessarily thesame as the data that might be obtained in other environmentsor use conditions.F15510925.3 The selection of test methods or tests should be limitedto those appropriate to the system or material(s) being evalu-ated.6. Conditioning of Materials6.

34、1 Conduct laboratory tests under known conditions oftemperature and humidity as specified in the individual testprocedures. In the absence of specified conditions, tests mustbe conducted under the standard laboratory conditions of 23 62C (73.4 6 3F) and 65 6 5 % relative humidity. Materialsmust be c

35、onditioned, undeflected, and undistorted at thetemperature and humidity of test for at least 24 h prior totesting.6.2 Conduct field tests on installed, indoor or outdoorsynthetic turf playing surfaces at ambient temperature andhumidity conditions. Measure and record the temperature ofthe synthetic t

36、urf surface, shock-absorbing pad, or otherspecific components being characterized by the particular test.TABLE 1 Performance Test Methods for Synthetic Turf SurfacesTest Method Section Item TestedPile FiberD 792 density (specific gravity) 9 synthetic yarnD 1577 linear density of textile fibers (deni

37、er) 10 pile of yarn on mfg. turf fabricD 1907 linear density of yarn (denier - skein method) 11 bobbin of yarnD 2256 breaking strength and elongation 12 bobbin of yarnD 3218 yarn thickness 13 synthetic yarnD 7138 melting point (Fisher-John method or DSCmethod)14 synthetic yarnFabricD 1335 resistance

38、 to tuft pullout 15 synthetic turf fabricD 2859 flammability of pile floor covering (methenaminetablet)17 synthetic turf fabricD 4158 abrasion resistance (uniform abrasion method) 18 non-infilled turfD 5034 grab tear strength 19 synthetic turf fabricD 5251 resistance to matting (tetrapod method) 20

39、non-infilled turfD 5793 binding sites per unit 21 synthetic turf fabricD 5823 pile height 22 synthetic turf fabricD 5848 pile fiber, mass per unit 23 synthetic turf fabricE 648 flammability of synthetic turf (flooring radiantpanel test)24 synthetic turf fabricF 1015 relative abrasiveness of syntheti

40、c turf surfaces 25 synthetic turf fabricShock Absorbing Pad ComponentD 395 compression set under constant load 26 shock-absorbing padD 412 Dogbone tensile see 12.1 of Test Methods D 1577.10.2.3 Manufacturing process may change yarn denier asmeasured.11. Test Method D 1907, Linear Density of Yarn (Ya

41、rnNumber) by the Skein Method11.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofthe linear density (denier) of all types of yarn in (bobbin)package form.11.2 Test Method Specific Conditions:11.2.1 Specified lengths of yarn are wound on reels asskeins, and weighed.11.2.2 Nine meters is recommended

42、 length weighed ingrams times 1000 for denier, grams per 9000 meters.12. Test Method D 2256, Tensile Properties of Yarns bythe Single Strand Method12.1 Scope:12.1.1 This test procedure describes measurement of thetensile properties strength, elongation, and (optionally) modu-lus for textile fibers a

43、nd filaments.12.1.2 The test is appropriate and applicable to the pile fibercomponent of synthetic turf fabrics before the product is made.12.2 Test Method Specific Conditions:12.2.1 Option A1, standard-conditioned, straight fiber orfilament is recommended.12.2.2 Horn grip clamps are recommended.12.

44、2.3 The recommended gage length is 15.2 cm (6 in.).12.2.4 The recommended cross-head speed is 30.5 cm/min(12 in./min).12.2.5 The tangent method is recommended if the modulusis calculated (Appendix, Test Method D 2256).12.2.6 The measurement of strength and elongation may beconducted on monofilaments

45、 or multifilament yarns; specifywhich.13. Specification D 3218, Polyolefin Monofilaments13.1 Scope:13.1.1 This specification covers polyolefin monofilamentyarn materials, and test methods for standard polyolefinmonofilaments.13.1.2 This test method covers the determination of thethickness of flat po

46、lyolefin monofilaments, by a micrometer.13.1.3 This method can also be used for slit-filament tapeyarn.13.2 Test Method Specific ConditionsMeasure the thick-ness of the specimen to the nearest 2.5 m (0.1 mil) using themicrometer.14. Test Method D 7138, Determine Melting Temperatureof Synthetic Fiber

47、s14.1 Scope:14.1.1 These test methods describe several techniques forthe characterization of polyamides, polypropylene, and otherfibers.14.1.2 The applicable part of this test procedure is thatdescribing the measurement of melting point for polyamidefibers and other fibers used in constructing synth

48、etic turffabrics.14.2 Test Method Specific Conditions:14.2.1 A temperature rise of 2C/min with the Fisher-Johnsmelting point apparatus is recommended. Follow Test Method2 where applicable.14.2.2 Acceptable alternatives for the measurement of melt-ing point is differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

49、instru-ments. Report the temperature rise and other pertinent experi-mental conditions used with DSC Method 1.15. Test Method D 1335, Tuft Bind of Pile FloorCoverings15.1 Scope:15.1.1 This test provides a method for measuring the tuftbind in pile fabrics such as carpets.15.1.2 The test is appropriate and applicable to the pile yarncomponent of synthetic turf fabrics.15.2 Test Method Specific Conditions:F155109415.2.1 Test Method D 1335 is written in the language offabrics of tufted construction. However, application may beextended to knitted and wo