ASTM F1487-2007ae1 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public Use《大众游乐场器材的标准消费品安全性能规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1487 07ae1Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification forPlayground Equipment for Public Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year

2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEThe following paragraphs and figures were corrected editorially in June 2007: 3.1.45, 6.4.4, 8.3.5, 8.14.1, 8.14.2,9.8.

3、2, Fig. A1.16, Fig. A1.30, Fig. A1.34, and Fig. A1.36.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification establishes nationally recognized safety standardsfor public playground equipment to address injuries identified by the U.S. Consumer Product SafetyCommission (CPSC).During 1999 the CPSC

4、estimated that about 156 000 victims were treated in U.S. hospitalemergency rooms for injuries associated with public playground equipment. About three fourths ofthese injuries resulted from falls, primarily to the surface on which the equipment was located. Otherhazard patterns involved impact by s

5、wings and other moving equipment and contact with protrusions,crush or shear points, and sharp edges. Fatalities reported to the CPSC resulted from falls;entanglement of clothing or similar items on equipment; entanglement in ropes tied to or caught onequipment; head entrapment; impact by equipment

6、that tipped over or otherwise failed; and impact bymoving swings. This consumer safety performance specification does not eliminate the need forsupervision of children on public playground equipment. It is intended to minimize the likelihood oflife-threatening or debilitating injuries, such as those

7、 identified by the CPSC.There has been significant harmonization of this performance specification and CAN/CSA-Z614.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety performance specification pro-vides safety and performance standards for various types ofpublic playground equipment. Its purpose is to reduce life-thr

8、eatening and debilitating injuries.1.2 The range of users encompassed by this consumer safetyperformance specification is the 5th percentile 2-year-oldthrough the 95th percentile 12-year-old.1.3 Home playground equipment, toys, amusement rides,sports equipment, fitness equipment intended for users o

9、ver theage of 12, public use play equipment for children 6 to 24months, and soft contained play equipment are not included inthis specification.1.4 Products or materials (site furnishings) that are installedoutside the equipment use zone, such as benches, tables, andborders, used to contain protecti

10、ve surfacing, are not consid-ered playground equipment and are not included in thisspecification.1.5 This specification does not address accessibility, exceptas it pertains to safety issues not covered in theAmericans withDisabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG).21.6 This consumer safety pe

11、rformance specification in-cludes the following sections:Title Section NumberScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Materials and Manufacture 4General Requirements 5Performance Requirements 6Requirements for Access/Egress 7Equipment 8Playground Layout 9Accessibility 10Installation 11Structural In

12、tegrity 12Maintenance 13Labeling 14Information Signage and Labels 15Keywords 161This consumer safety performance specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F15.29 on Playground Equipment for Public Use.Current edi

13、tion approved March 15, 2007. Published May 2007. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F 1487 07.2More information on federal requirements for play equipment accessibility maybe obtained from the Office of Technical and Information Services, Architecturaland Transpor

14、tation Barriers Compliance Board, 1331 F Street NW, Suite 1000,Washington, DC 200041111, or at www.access-board.gov/play/finalrule.htm.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Figures Annex A11.7 General Measures, Tolerances,

15、and Conversions:1.7.1 The general tolerances for this specification (unlessotherwise specified) are as follows:Dimension ToleranceX in. 60.5 in.X.X in. 60.05 in.X.XX in. 60.005 in.These tolerances still apply to a dimension even when termslike greater than, less than, minimum, or maximum are used.1.

16、7.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only.1.7.3 The conversion factor from inch-pound to metric unitsis 1 in. = 25.4 mm, and 1 lb = 0.45359 kg.1.7.4 See Annex

17、A1 for figures referenced throughout thisspecification.1.7.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bili

18、ty of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessF 698 Specification for Physical Information to be Providedfor Amusement Rides and DevicesF 846 Guide for Testing Performance of Amusement Ridesand DevicesF 853

19、 Practice for Maintenance Procedures for AmusementRides and DevicesF 893 Guide for Inspection of Amusement Rides and De-vicesF 963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyF 1004 Consumer Safety Specification for Expansion Gatesand Expandable EnclosuresF 1077 Guide for Selection of Committee F16

20、FastenerSpecificationsF 1148 Consumer Safety Performance Specification forHome Playground EquipmentF 1159 Practice for Design and Manufacture of PatronDirected, Artificial Climbing Walls, Dry Slide, Coin Oper-ated and Purposeful Water Immersion Amusement Ridesand Devices and Air-Supported Structures

21、F 1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of SurfacingMaterials Within the Use Zone of Playground EquipmentF 1918 Safety Performance Specification for Soft Con-tained Play EquipmentF 1951 Specification for Determination of Accessibility ofSurface Systems Under and Around Playground Equip-mentF 237

22、3 Consumer Safety Performance Specification forPublic Use Play Equipment for Children 6 Months through23 Months2.2 ANSI Standards:4Z535.1 Safety Color CodeZ535.4 Products SafetySigns and Labels2.3 Federal Standards:516 CFR Part 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint andCertain Consumer Products Bearing L

23、ead-ContainingPaint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations, in-cluding Sections:1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a SharpPoint in Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under 8 Years of Age1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a SharpMetal or Glass Edge in

24、 Toys and Other Articles Intendedfor Use by Children Under 8 Years of Age16 CFR Section 1501 Method for Identifying Toys andOtherArticles Intended for Use by Children Under 3Yearsof Age Which Present Choking, Aspiration or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts36 CFR Part 1191 Americans with Disabi

25、lities Act Disabil-ity Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) for Buildings andFacilities; Section 15.6 Play Areas2.4 UL Standard:6UL 969 Standard for Safety: Marking and Labeling Systems2.5 CSA Standard:7CAN/CSA-Z614 Childrens Playspaces and Equipment3. Terminology3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to Th

26、is Standard:3.1.1 accessible, adjrelating to a part or portion of theplayground equipment, (1) capable of being contacted by anybody part, or (2) accessible to and usable by persons withdisabilities.3.1.2 accessible playground, nplayground equipmentarea, that, when viewed in its entirety, may be app

27、roached, andentered and provides a range of play opportunities and expe-riences to users of varying abilities.3.1.3 accessible route, n to a piece of playground equip-ment, continuous unobstructed pathway from the perimeter ofthe use zone to the equipment.3.1.4 adjacent platforms, ntwo platforms hav

28、ing a com-mon vertical plane with some deviation in their height.3.1.5 climbing net structure, nplayground climbing de-vices made of flexible components arranged in either a2-dimensional grid or a 3-dimensional matrix.3.1.5.1 DiscussionSee Fig. A1.53 for examples of climb-ing net structures.3For ref

29、erenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 4

30、3rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.5Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.6Available from Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Corporate Progress, 333Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook, IL 60062.7Available from Ca

31、nadian Standards Association (CSA), 178 Rexdale Blvd.,Toronto, ON M9W1R3, Canada.F 1487 07ae123.1.6 completely bounded opening, nany opening in apiece of play equipment that is totally enclosed by boundarieson all sides so that the perimeter of the opening is continuous.3.1.7 component, nof a play s

32、tructure, any portion thereofthat generates specific activity and cannot stand alone.3.1.8 composite play structure, ntwo or more play struc-tures attached or functionally linked, to create one integral unitthat provides more than one play activity; an example is acombination climber, slide, and hor

33、izontal ladder.3.1.9 crush and shear point, njuncture at which the usercould suffer contusion, laceration, abrasion, amputation, orfracture during use of the playground equipment.3.1.10 designated play surface, nany elevated surface forstanding, walking, sitting, or climbing, or a flat surface large

34、rthan 2.0 in. (51 mm) wide by 2.0 in. (51 mm) long having lessthan 30 angle from horizontal.3.1.11 enclosed swing seat, nsuspended device uponwhich a user sits with non-removable supports on all sides ofa user, that are intended to prevent a user from falling off thedevice while it is in motion.3.1.

35、12 entanglement, ncondition in which the usersclothes or something around the users neck becomes caught orentwined on a component of playground equipment.3.1.13 entrapment, nany condition which impedes with-drawal of a body or body part that has penetrated an opening.3.1.14 fall height, nvertical di

36、stance between a designatedplay surface and the protective surfacing beneath it.3.1.15 flexible component, nany part of the playgroundequipment, excluding swings, that temporarily changes itsshape when in use; examples include the tire net, the cargo net,and the log bridge.3.1.16 functionally linked

37、 play structure, nplay structurethat acts as a single unit in its physical form or sense offunction as continuous play even if the components are notphysically attached.3.1.17 guardrail, ndevice around an elevated surface thatprevents inadvertent falls from the elevated surface.3.1.18 handrail, nrig

38、id linear device, following the pathof access or egress, that when grasped, provides balance andsupport in maintaining a specific body posture.3.1.19 maximum user, n12-year-old child; measurementcharacteristics are the 95th percentile values for combinedsexes.3.1.20 minimum user, na 2-year-old child

39、; measurementcharacteristics are the 5th percentile values for combinedsexes.3.1.21 partially bounded opening, nany opening in apiece of play equipment that is not totally enclosed byboundaries on all sides so that the perimeter of the opening isdiscontinuous.3.1.22 platform, nflat surface, intended

40、 for more than oneuser to stand, and upon which the user(s) can move freely.3.1.23 play structure, nfree standing structure with one ormore components and their supporting members.3.1.24 preventive maintenance, nplanned program of in-spections and maintenance intended to keep equipment func-tioning

41、properly and to forestall equipment failures.3.1.25 professional judgment, nability of an individualwith current knowledge, skill or experience, or both, in thefield of playgrounds/playground equipment design, use, oroperations, which enables the person to form an opinion ormake a decision, or both,

42、 concerning a matter within that fieldof expertise.3.1.26 projection, ncondition which, due to its physicalnature, must be tested to the requirements of this standard todetermine whether it is a protrusion or entanglement hazard, orboth.3.1.27 protective barrier, nenclosing device around anelevated

43、surface that prevents both inadvertent and deliberateattempts to pass through the device.3.1.28 protective surfacing, nmaterial(s) to be used withinthe use zone of any playground equipment.3.1.28.1 DiscussionProtective surfacing shall meet theminimum impact attenuation requirements of SpecificationF

44、 1292.3.1.29 protrusion, nprojection which, when tested inaccordance with the requirements of this standard, is found tobe a hazard having the potential to cause bodily injury to a userwho impacts it.3.1.30 public use playground equipment, nplay structurefor use in play areas of schools, parks, chil

45、d-care facilities,institutions, multiple-family dwellings, private resorts andrecreation developments, restaurants, and other areas of publicuse.3.1.30.1 DiscussionRequirements for amusement parkequipment, sports use, home playground equipment, toys, softcontained play equipment, and play equipment

46、for children 6through 23 months are covered in Specifications F 698, F 1148,F 963, F 1918, F 2373, Guides F 846 and F 893, and PracticesF 853 and F 1159. Independent loose items intended to bemanipulated by the intended users are not covered in thisstandard.3.1.31 rocking/springing equipment, nany p

47、lay structurethat rocks about a fixed base.3.1.32 rotating equipment, nany play structure that movesabout a vertical or horizontal axis (for example, a merry-go-round, whirl, logroll, or spinner).3.1.33 rotating swing, nplay structure with at least onesuspended seat designed for swinging by the user

48、, in a seatedposition, in more than one plane and spins about its axis.3.1.34 rung, ncrosspiece in a ladder or other climbingequipment used for supporting the users feet or for graspingby the users hands, or both.3.1.35 sharp edge, nedge that can cut a users skin.3.1.35.1 DiscussionAn edge is judged

49、 as potentially sharppursuant to the provisions of 16 CFR Section 1500.49.3.1.36 sharp point, npoint that can puncture or lacerate ausers skin during use.3.1.36.1 DiscussionA point is judged as potentially sharppursuant to the provisions of 16 CFR Section 1500.48.3.1.37 signal word, nword that designates a degree orlevel of hazard.3.1.37.1 DiscussionThe signal word for safety labels isWARNING.F 1487 07ae133.1.38 small part, nobject that may become detached andpresents a choking, aspiration, or ingestion hazard to the user.3.1.