ASTM F1221-1989(2014) Standard Guide for Interagency Information Exchange《机构间信息交换的标准指南》.pdf

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1、Designation: F1221 89 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forInteragency Information Exchange1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1221; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe

2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide has been developed to address the need to provide for effective information exchangebetween agencies involved in responding to em

3、ergency medical services (EMS) situations.Communications in the context of this guide refers to the communications that need to occur (1)prior to the EMS event, (2) during the EMS event, and (3) after the EMS event. Communications inthis guide includes face-to-face communications, telecommunications

4、, and written communications.Before EMS events, the agencies that need to work closely together in emergency medical situationsneed to hold face-to-face meetings to develop communication plans that include an interagencycommunications component. These communication plans need to include written prot

5、ocols outlininghow the emergency response agencies will interface with each other during EMS events.During the actual event, the agencies need to communicate either directly between emergency units,or through dispatch centers, or face-to-face (for example, communications related to implementingproto

6、cols or communications regarding decision making between agencies senior officials, orcombination thereof). After an emergency, there is a need for the agencies to critique the response.This may include face-to-face meetings to review the events, written critique reports of the emergencyevents, and

7、revisions to the written protocols as may be found necessary by review of the events. (Seethe Rationale in Appendix X1.)1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the planning, operations, and evalua-tion phases of interagency communications as part of acomprehensive EMS system.1.2 This is a guide for interagenc

8、y communications withinan EMS system. Interagency communications involves theEMS responder and support agencies whose primary mission isnot to deliver prehospital emergency medical care.1.3 The primary focus of this guide is to address interagencycommunications necessary for ongoing EMS responses.1.

9、4 The guide also addresses interagency communicationsin any major EMS incident, including man-made or naturaldisasters.1.5 The recommendations for drills/exercises for the evalu-ation of interagency communications during an EMS event arealso incorporated into this guide.1.6 Additional information ca

10、n be found in Guide F1220and Refs 1-5.21.7 The sections in this guide appear in the followingsequence:SectionIntroductionScope 1Referenced Document 2Terminology 3Significance and Use 4Procedure 5Rationale Appendix X1Keywords 6References1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety c

11、oncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on EmergencyMedical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.04 onCommunications.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originallyapproved in 1989.

12、 Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F1221 89 (2006).DOI: 10.1520/F1221-89R14.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the references at the end of thisguide.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1responsibility of

13、 the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3F1220 Guide for Emergency Medical Services System(EMSS) Telecommunications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:

14、3.1.1 citizen accessact of requesting emergency assistancefor a specific event.3.1.2 dispatchact of sending emergency resources in re-sponse to a specific event.3.1.3 interagency communication evaluation phaseinteragency communications following an EMS incident forevaluation purposes.3.1.4 interagen

15、cy communication operations phaseinteragency communications during an EMS incident foroperational purposes.3.1.5 interagency communication planning phaseinteragency communications before an EMS incident forplanning purposes.3.1.6 interagency communicationscommunications thattake place between EMS re

16、sponders and agencies, nonmedicalin nature, that respond in conjunction with emergency medicalservices.3.1.7 intra-agency communicationscommunications thattake place between agencies, medical in nature, within an EMSsystem.3.1.8 ongoing EMS incidentany EMS incident that ismanaged without multiple EM

17、S response units.3.1.9 significant EMS incidentany EMS incident requiringmultiple EMS response units including: multiple-casualtyincidents, man-made or natural disasters.3.1.10 support agencyany agency providing nonmedicalsupport to EMS responders.3.1.11 vehiclesall modes of transportation, includin

18、g air,ground, or water, or combination thereof.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide has been developed to facilitate communica-tions between agencies involved in the delivery of emergencymedical services. This guide is intended to be applied byagencies providing emergency medical services to improv

19、etheir communications with EMS support agencies. It recom-mends necessary communication before, during, and after anEMS event.5. Procedure5.1 Interagency Communication Planning Phase:5.1.1 MethodsA plan is needed for the coordination ofinteragency communication activities during ongoing and sig-nifi

20、cant EMS responses. This plan must include alternatives forevents which exceed or overwhelm the systems communica-tion capability. Contingency plans for diminished systemcapabilities, due to equipment or other failures, should also beaddressed. The following methods should be used to developthe plan

21、:Meeting noticesMeeting documentationInteragency communication agreement documentsInteragency communication protocolsPublic information documentsAt a minimum one or more of the following communicationprocesses shall be used annually to develop, review, or amend,or combination thereof, interagency co

22、mmunication docu-ments and protocols: face-to-face, telephone, or teleconfer-ence.5.1.2 DrillsInteragency communication drills shall beconducted at a minimum of once annually. This drill should beused to evaluate procedures, protocols, communication pathavailability, grade of service, and communicat

23、ion path activa-tion time. The exercise plans shall include performance param-eters that will permit evaluation of interagencycommunication, procedures, protocols, communication paths,and executive times.5.2 Interagency Communications Operation Phase:5.2.1 Off-Line CommunicationsDocuments developed

24、inthe planning phase are used for training and on-line referenceto implement operational procedures. Documents shall includeinformation on agencies such as law enforcement, fireprotection, public utilities, special response agencies, andpublic information. This material shall uniquely identify eacha

25、gency and provide an interagency protocol for each agency.Each protocol shall clearly identify resources by: who, what,when, and where for each EMS response.5.2.2 On-Line CommunicationsOn-line methods that in-clude face-to-face, telephone, teleconference, one-way, andtwo-way radio shall be identifie

26、d for each of the followingelements of an EMS response for interagency communications:5.2.2.1 EMS AccessAny agency that receives requests forEMS assistance (for example, citizens, public safety personnel)shall have immediate direct access to the EMS dispatcher.5.2.2.2 EMS Dispatch/CoordinationAny EM

27、S dispatch/coordination agency shall have immediate direct access to allsupporting agencies.5.2.2.3 Enroute to or from an EMS IncidentInteragencycoordination to or from vehicles enroute to or from the EMSincident shall use two-way radio communication to thedispatch/coordination center and its immedi

28、ate direct accessinteragency links.5.2.2.4 Scene CoordinationInteragency communicationsby the first arriving emergency agency at the scene of an EMSincident shall be by two-way radio communication to thedispatch/coordination center and its immediate direct accessinteragency links. Direct two-way rad

29、io communication foron-scene interagency coordination is recommended. Alterna-tive methods for interagency coordination at the scene mayinclude: relay through the dispatch/coordination center(s),3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at

30、serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.F1221 89 (2014)2face-to-face communication, messenger, or other radio facili-ties such as cellular radio telephone. When an on-scenecommand post is established, addit

31、ional communication capa-bilities are required to provide on-scene interagency commu-nication and communication between the command post andthe dispatch/coordination center or EOC.5.2.3 Drills/ExercisesDuring drills or exercises, addi-tional qualified personnel must be available to monitor andmeasur

32、e the process without affecting operations.5.3 Interagency Communication Evaluation Phase:5.3.1 MethodsThe following methods should be used toevaluate interagency communication activities during ongoingand significant EMS responses:Meeting noticesMeeting documentationInteragency evaluation reportsIn

33、teragency communication agreement document reviewedor revisedInteragency communication protocol reviewed or revisedPublic information documentsAt the earliest opportunity, not more than 60 days followinga drill or a significant EMS incident, an evaluation of inter-agency communication agreements and

34、 protocols shall beconducted using one or more of the following communicationprocesses: face-to-face, telephone, teleconference. This pro-cess shall be in addition to the recommended annual planningprocess.5.3.2 Drills/ExercisesWithin 60 days following a signifi-cant EMS incident, exercise, or drill

35、, an evaluation report shallbe completed and distributed to all involved agencies includingrecommended changes in procedures, protocols, and othersystem elements.6. Keywords6.1 communications; emergency medical services; inter-agency information exchangeAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATIONAL

36、EX1.1 Those agencies who use this guide should carefullydocument when, why, and how specific rules or regulations, orboth, were developed. This will allow revisions to be made aschanges occur in communication technology or emergencymedical practices, or both.REFERENCES(1) Communications Act of 1934

37、(47 U.S.C. 405) as amended and Title47 United States Code of Federal Regulations (47 CFR) on Telecom-munications.(2) Communication Manual, U.S. Department of Transportation, Na-tional Highway Traffic Safety Administration, June 1978, DOT,HS-802976, Department of Transportation, National Highway Traf

38、ficSafety Administration, Washington, DC.(3) EMS Communications Compatibility Study, November 1978, DOT,HS-803858, final report prepared for Department of Transportation,National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC20590.(4) Emergency Medical Services Communication Systems Technical

39、Planning Guide, March 1979, NTIA, Reports Series NTIA SP793,U.S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications andInformation Administration.(5) Guidelines for Developing an EMS Communications Plan, March1977, HSA-772036, U.S. Department of Health, Education andWelfare, Public Health Service A

40、dministration, Bureau of MedicalServices, Box 911, Rockville, MD 20852.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of

41、any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are

42、 invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not rece

43、ived a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) o

44、f this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F1221 89 (2014)3