ASTM F1221-1989(2006) Standard Guide for Interagency Information Exchange《机构间的信息交换》.pdf

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1、Designation: F 1221 89 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Guide forInteragency Information Exchange1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1221; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A num

2、ber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis guide has been developed to address the need to provide for effective information exchangebetween agencies involved in responding to

3、 emergency medical services (EMS) situations.Communications in the context of this guide refers to the communications that need to occur (1)prior to the EMS event, (2) during the EMS event, and (3) after the EMS event. Communications inthis guide includes face-to-face communications, telecommunicati

4、ons, and written communications.Before EMS events, the agencies that need to work closely together in emergency medical situationsneed to hold face-to-face meetings to develop communication plans that include an interagencycommunications component. These communication plans need to include written p

5、rotocols outlininghow the emergency response agencies will interface with each other during EMS events.During the actual event, the agencies need to communicate either directly between emergency units,or through dispatch centers, or face-to-face (for example, communications related to implementingpr

6、otocols or communications regarding decision making between agencies senior officials, orcombination thereof). After an emergency, there is a need for the agencies to critique the response.This may include face-to-face meetings to review the events, written critique reports of the emergencyevents, a

7、nd revisions to the written protocols as may be found necessary by review of the events. (Seethe Rationale in Appendix X1.)1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the planning, operations, and evalua-tion phases of interagency communications as part of acomprehensive EMS system.1.2 This is a guide for interag

8、ency communications withinan EMS system. Interagency communications involves theEMS responder and support agencies whose primary mission isnot to deliver prehospital emergency medical care.1.3 The primary focus of this guide is to address interagencycommunications necessary for ongoing EMS responses

9、.1.4 The guide also addresses interagency communicationsin any major EMS incident, including man-made or naturaldisasters.1.5 The recommendations for drills/exercises for the evalu-ation of interagency communications during an EMS event arealso incorporated into this guide.1.6 Additional information

10、 can be found in Guide F 1220and Refs 1-5.21.7 The sections in this guide appear in the followingsequence:SectionIntroductionScope 1Referenced Document 2Terminology 3Significance and Use 4Procedure 5Rationale Appendix X1Keywords 6References1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafe

11、ty concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3F 1220 Guide for Emergency Medic

12、al Services System(EMSS) Telecommunications1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F30 on EmergencyMedical Services and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F30.04 onCommunications.Current edition approved March 1, 2006. Published March 2006. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last

13、previous edition approved in 2001 as F 1221 89 (2001).2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the references at the end of thisguide.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume

14、 information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms:3.1.1 citizen accessact of requesting emergency assis-tance for a sp

15、ecific event.3.1.2 dispatchact of sending emergency resources in re-sponse to a specific event.3.1.3 interagency communication evaluation phaseinteragency communications following an EMS incident forevaluation purposes.3.1.4 interagency communication operations phaseinteragency communications during

16、 an EMS incident foroperational purposes.3.1.5 interagency communication planning phaseinteragency communications before an EMS incident forplanning purposes.3.1.6 interagency communicationscommunications thattake place between EMS responders and agencies, nonmedicalin nature, that respond in conjun

17、ction with emergency medicalservices.3.1.7 intra-agency communicationscommunications thattake place between agencies, medical in nature, within an EMSsystem.3.1.8 ongoing EMS incidentany EMS incident that ismanaged without multiple EMS response units.3.1.9 significant EMS incidentany EMS incident re

18、quir-ing multiple EMS response units including: multiple-casualtyincidents, man-made or natural disasters.3.1.10 support agencyany agency providing nonmedicalsupport to EMS responders.3.1.11 vehiclesall modes of transportation, including air,ground, or water, or combination thereof.4. Significance a

19、nd Use4.1 This guide has been developed to facilitate communica-tions between agencies involved in the delivery of emergencymedical services. This guide is intended to be applied byagencies providing emergency medical services to improvetheir communications with EMS support agencies. It recom-mends

20、necessary communication before, during, and after anEMS event.5. Procedure5.1 Interagency Communication Planning Phase:5.1.1 MethodsA plan is needed for the coordination ofinteragency communication activities during ongoing and sig-nificant EMS responses. This plan must include alternatives forevent

21、s which exceed or overwhelm the systems communica-tion capability. Contingency plans for diminished systemcapabilities, due to equipment or other failures, should also beaddressed. The following methods should be used to developthe plan:Meeting noticesMeeting documentationInteragency communication a

22、greement documentsInteragency communication protocolsPublic information documentsAt a minimum one or more of the following communicationprocesses shall be used annually to develop, review, or amend,or combination thereof, interagency communication docu-ments and protocols: face-to-face, telephone, o

23、r teleconfer-ence.5.1.2 DrillsInteragency communication drills shall beconducted at a minimum of once annually. This drill should beused to evaluate procedures, protocols, communication pathavailability, grade of service, and communication path activa-tion time. The exercise plans shall include perf

24、ormance param-eters that will permit evaluation of interagency communica-tion, procedures, protocols, communication paths, andexecutive times.5.2 Interagency Communications Operation Phase:5.2.1 Off-Line CommunicationsDocuments developed inthe planning phase are used for training and on-line referen

25、ceto implement operational procedures. Documents shall includeinformation on agencies such as law enforcement, fire protec-tion, public utilities, special response agencies, and publicinformation. This material shall uniquely identify each agencyand provide an interagency protocol for each agency. E

26、achprotocol shall clearly identify resources by: who, what, when,and where for each EMS response.5.2.2 On-Line CommunicationsOn-line methods that in-clude face-to-face, telephone, teleconference, one-way, andtwo-way radio shall be identified for each of the followingelements of an EMS response for i

27、nteragency communications:5.2.2.1 EMS AccessAny agency that receives requests forEMS assistance (for example, citizens, public safety personnel)shall have immediate direct access to the EMS dispatcher.5.2.2.2 EMS Dispatch/CoordinationAny EMS dispatch/coordination agency shall have immediate direct a

28、ccess to allsupporting agencies.5.2.2.3 Enroute to or from an EMS IncidentInteragencycoordination to or from vehicles enroute to or from the EMSincident shall use two-way radio communication to thedispatch/coordination center and its immediate direct accessinteragency links.5.2.2.4 Scene Coordinatio

29、nInteragency communicationsby the first arriving emergency agency at the scene of an EMSincident shall be by two-way radio communication to thedispatch/coordination center and its immediate direct accessinteragency links. Direct two-way radio communication foron-scene interagency coordination is rec

30、ommended. Alterna-tive methods for interagency coordination at the scene mayinclude: relay through the dispatch/coordination center(s),face-to-face communication, messenger, or other radio facili-ties such as cellular radio telephone. When an on-scenecommand post is established, additional communica

31、tion capa-bilities are required to provide on-scene interagency commu-nication and communication between the command post andthe dispatch/coordination center or EOC.5.2.3 Drills/ExercisesDuring drills or exercises, addi-tional qualified personnel must be available to monitor andmeasure the process w

32、ithout affecting operations.5.3 Interagency Communication Evaluation Phase:5.3.1 MethodsThe following methods should be used toevaluate interagency communication activities during ongoingand significant EMS responses:F 1221 89 (2006)2Meeting noticesMeeting documentationInteragency evaluation reports

33、Interagency communication agreement document reviewedor revisedInteragency communication protocol reviewed or revisedPublic information documentsAt the earliest opportunity, not more than 60 days followinga drill or a significant EMS incident, an evaluation of inter-agency communication agreements a

34、nd protocols shall beconducted using one or more of the following communicationprocesses: face-to-face, telephone, teleconference. This pro-cess shall be in addition to the recommended annual planningprocess.5.3.2 Drills/ExercisesWithin 60 days following a signifi-cant EMS incident, exercise, or dri

35、ll, an evaluation report shallbe completed and distributed to all involved agencies includingrecommended changes in procedures, protocols, and othersystem elements.6. Keywords6.1 communications; emergency medical services; inter-agency information exchangeAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. RATION

36、ALEX1.1 Those agencies who use this guide should carefullydocument when, why, and how specific rules or regulations, orboth, were developed. This will allow revisions to be made aschanges occur in communication technology or emergencymedical practices, or both.REFERENCES(1) Communications Act of 193

37、4 (47 U.S.C. 405) as amended and Title47 United States Code of Federal Regulations (47 CFR) on Telecom-munications.(2) Communication Manual, U.S. Department of Transportation, Na-tional Highway Traffic Safety Administration, June 1978, DOT,HS-802976, Department of Transportation, National Highway Tr

38、afficSafety Administration, Washington, DC.(3) EMS Communications Compatibility Study, November 1978, DOT,HS-803858, final report prepared for Department of Transportation,National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC20590.(4) Emergency Medical Services Communication Systems Technic

39、alPlanning Guide, March 1979, NTIA, Reports Series NTIA SP793,U.S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications andInformation Administration.(5) Guidelines for Developing an EMS Communications Plan, March1977, HSA-772036, U.S. Department of Health, Education andWelfare, Public Health Service

40、 Administration, Bureau of MedicalServices, Box 911, Rockville, MD 20852.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity o

41、f any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments a

42、re invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not re

43、ceived a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 1221 89 (2006)3